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14000 Lb, Trailer Available for Back Haul Form Coal City Indianna to Somerset Ky

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4463 Hydrologic Atlas 130, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Prospect and southwestern Louisville, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4462 Hydrologic Atlas 130, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Prospect and southwestern Louisville, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4461 Hydrologic Atlas 130, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Prospect and southwestern Louisville, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4460 Hydrologic Atlas 130, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Prospect and southwestern Louisville, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4459 Hydrologic Atlas 130, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Prospect and southwestern Louisville, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4458 Hydrologic Atlas 129, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Uniontown area and Wickliffe, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4457 Hydrologic Atlas 129, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Uniontown area and Wickliffe, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4456 Hydrologic Atlas 129, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Uniontown area and Wickliffe, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4455 Hydrologic Atlas 129, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Uniontown area and Wickliffe, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4454 Hydrologic Atlas 129, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Uniontown area and Wickliffe, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4453 Hydrologic Atlas 111, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between southwestern Louisville and West Point, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4452 Hydrologic Atlas 111, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between southwestern Louisville and West Point, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4451 Hydrologic Atlas 110, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Stanley area, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4450 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4449 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4448 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4447 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4446 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4445 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4444 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4443 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4442 Hydrologic Atlas 98, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Newport and Warsaw, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4441 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4440 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4439 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4438 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4437 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4436 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4435 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4434 Hydrologic Atlas 97, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Ethridge and the Twelvemile Island, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4433 Hydrologic Atlas 96, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Spottsville and Reed areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4432 Hydrologic Atlas 96, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Spottsville and Reed areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4431 Hydrologic Atlas 95, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Wolf Creek and West Point areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4430 Hydrologic Atlas 95, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Wolf Creek and West Point areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4429 Hydrologic Atlas 95, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Wolf Creek and West Point areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4428 Hydrologic Atlas 95, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Wolf Creek and West Point areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4427 Hydrologic Atlas 95, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Wolf Creek and West Point areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4426 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4425 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4424 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4423 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4422 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4421 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4420 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4419 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4418 Hydrologic Atlas 94, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between the Manchester Islands and Silver Grove, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4417 Hydrologic Atlas 91, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Henderson area, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4416 Hydrologic Atlas 91, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Henderson area, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4415 Hydrologic Atlas 91, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Henderson area, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4414 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4413 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4412 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4411 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4410 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4409 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4408 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4407 Hydrologic Atlas 75, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between Catlettsburg and South Portsmouth, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4406 Hydrologic Atlas 74, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Lewisport and Owensboro areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4405 Hydrologic Atlas 74, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Lewisport and Owensboro areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4404 Hydrologic Atlas 74, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Lewisport and Owensboro areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4403 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4402 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4401 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4400 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4399 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4398 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4397 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4396 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4395 Hydrologic Atlas 73, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River between South Portsmouth and the Manchester Islands, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4394 Hydrologic Atlas 72, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Hawesville and Cloverport areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4393 Hydrologic Atlas 72, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Hawesville and Cloverport areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4392 Hydrologic Atlas 72, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Hawesville and Cloverport areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4391 Hydrologic Atlas 72, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Hawesville and Cloverport areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4390 Hydrologic Atlas 72, Geology and hydrology of alluvial deposits along the Ohio River in the Hawesville and Cloverport areas, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
4372 Slump block in Tuscaloosa gravels View Location
on Geologic Map
4371 Tuscaloosa Formation, bluff on Kentucky Lake at Lighthouse Landing, Grand Rivers, KY View Location
on Geologic Map
4370 Tuscaloosa Formation exposed in bluff at Lighthouse Landing on Kentucky Lake View Location
on Geologic Map
4369 Kenwood Siltstone Mbr. View Location
on Geologic Map
4368 mapped as New Providence Mbr. of Borden View Location
on Geologic Map
4367 bedded sand and gravel View Location
on Geologic Map
4366 water seep from above organic silt loam View Location
on Geologic Map
4365 Tygarts Saltpeter Cave Arch Complex
4364 Tygarts Saltpeter Cave Arch Complex
4363 Tygarts Saltpeter Cave Arch Complex
4362 Tygarts Creek Tunnel
4361 Tygarts Creek Tunnel
4360 Sky Crack
4359 Looking east at the valley of Black Lick Creek, Breckinridge County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
4358 Looking across the Ohio River into Warsaw, Gallatin County, KY from Indiana SR 156. Warsaw is build on a low Wisconsin glacial outwash terrace mapped as Qay on the 1:24,000 Patriot GQ. View Location
on Geologic Map
4357 Looking south at the spring at the headwaters of the Licking River in far southern Magoffin County, KY. The moss covered stone marks the spring that is the source of the Licking River 287 river miles distant from its junction with the Ohio River at Covington. View Location
on Geologic Map
4356 Looking northeast across the headwaters of a tributary to Cooper Run near the southwestern limit of the watershed of the South Fork of the Licking River as seen from US-460 opposite the entrance to the former Johnstons Inn in Bourbon County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
4355 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Boiling Branch Arch.
4353 Boiling Branch Arch.
4350 Rough Creek Fault System exposure. Core of fold is Menard Ls. View Location
on Geologic Map
4349 Loess over weathered Alluvium? associated with deposition of Underlying QTg. Tape measure is 2 meters. View Location
on Geologic Map
4348 Loess and Loess mixed with QTg View Location
on Geologic Map
4347 Exposure of Loess, Very old Loess and possibly Alluvium associated with the QTg View Location
on Geologic Map
4346 Weathered Loess exposure. Residuum is likley not far down. View Location
on Geologic Map
4345 Alluvium exposed in Creek. Tape measure is 2meters. View Location
on Geologic Map
4344 Mine spoil at old strip pit. View Location
on Geologic Map
4343 Alluvium exposed along Pond Creek and Rockport Paradise Rd. View Location
on Geologic Map
4342 Sandstone exposed in RR cut possibly above the #11 and #12 coal and below the #13. View Location
on Geologic Map
4341 Organic mat from Raleigh area, "Raleigh Slough" exposed on the banks of the Ohio River View Location
on Geologic Map
4340 Close up of Tuscaloosa Fm.? Clay View Location
on Geologic Map
4339 Cream colored clay with iron staining. Gravel appeares to be coming from farther up hill. Possibly Clay of the Tuscaloosa Fm. View Location
on Geologic Map
4338 Sandstone in Carbondale Fm."Upper Vermillionville" View Location
on Geologic Map
4336 landslide exposing the Carthage Ls. of the Bond Fm. View Location
on Geologic Map
4335 Sandstone boulder eroding out of QTc. Knife is 4.5 inches in length View Location
on Geologic Map
4333 Erosion of Qss deposit in Gravel Pit; in place cobble of black chert (Ft Payne?) View Location
on Geologic Map
4332 Exposure of Loess, Old silt and sand(Qss), and Gravel(QTc) View Location
on Geologic Map
4331 Old Gravel pit in QTc deposit with recent fall View Location
on Geologic Map
4328 View Location
on Geologic Map
4326 View Location
on Geologic Map
4304 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Jim Dick natural arch.
4302 Sheep Twin natural arch in McCreary County, Kentucky.
4301 Sheep Twin natural arch in McCreary County, Kentucky
4300 Sheep Twin natural arch in McCreary County, Kentucky.
4299 Jim Dick natural arch in McCreary County, Kentucky.
4298 Jim Dick natural arch in McCreary County, Kentucky.
4297 Jim Dick natural arch in McCreary County, Kentucky.
4288 Scott Waninger using Giddings soil probe for subsurface investigation in Union County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4287 Steve Martin giving the "thumbs up" during subsurface investigation in Union County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4286 Steve Martin conducting subsurface investigation using a Giddings soil probe in Union County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4285 Scott Waninger setting up Giddings soil probe for subsurface investigation in Union County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4284 Setting up Giddings soil probe for subsurface investigation in Union County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4282 Looking downstream along the Ohio River into Boone County, KY and toward Shawnee Lookout State Park from St. Andrews Road, Ashton Oaks Subdivision, North Bend, Hamilton County, OH. View Location
on Geologic Map
4281 Looking southwest across Two Mile Creek and Bond Farm at a typical, well tended grassy slope of the Kope Formation close to Eagle Creek from KY-35 about one mile south of Sparta in Gallatin County, KY. Thick, well-mowed grass stabilizes a Kope slope as does tree cover. View Location
on Geologic Map
4280 Looking north at a vertical section of beds of the Bull Fork Formation behind the Buttermilk Town Center in Crescent Springs, Kenton County, KY. An excellent and safe place to observe post Fairview stratigraphy. The shale is probably the Miamitown. View Location
on Geologic Map
4279 Teay''s Tributary Deposit Boundary View Location
on Geologic Map
4278 Large slide along KY 11 triggered after heavy rainfall. Road was closed and a campground evacuated. View Location
on Geologic Map
4277 Landslide along old KY 10. View Location
on Geologic Map
4276 Landslide along roadway. Slide occurred within an existing slide that had been repaired. Heavy rains triggered the failure. View Location
on Geologic Map
4274 Generations of mitigation along a KY 1829 landslide. View Location
on Geologic Map
4273 Old slide (historic?) along KY 1087. Large boulders in colluvial landslide mass observed along the road. View Location
on Geologic Map
4272 Thin, translational slide along Doe Run Lake View Location
on Geologic Map
4271 Small landslide in road embankment View Location
on Geologic Map
4270 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Lichen Or Not.
4268 Lichen Or Not is a natural arch on top of Slade Twin Arch_west.
4266 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Cathedral Arch Hallway.
4265 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Mariba Lower Arch_2.
4263 Narnia Passage Arch.
4262 Cathedral Arch.
4261 Cathedral Arch.
4260 Cathedral Arch.
4259 Upper entrance to Cathedral Arch Hallway.
4258 Lower entrance to Cathedral Arch Hallway.
4257 Mariba Lower Arch_2.
4256 Mariba Lower Arch_1.
4255 Mariba Lower Arch_1
4254 Mariba Forks Cave Arch.
4252 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Tripod Park.
4251 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Bear Track Arch.
4250 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Bear Track Split Arch.
4248 Tripod Park.
4247 Tripod Park.
4246 Bear Track Shelf Arch.
4245 Exposure of rock containing Bear Track Arch and Bear Track Shelf Arch.
4244 Bear Track Arch.
4243 Bear Track Arch from the top of the arch. Opening is just beyond fence for the community park.
4242 Bear Track Split Arch.
4241 Bear Track Split Arch.
4239 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Double Oak Tree Arch.
4238 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Hole in the Wall.
4236 Double Oak Tree Arch.
4235 Double Oak Tree Arch.
4234 Hole in the Wall.
4233 Hole in the Wall.
4231 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Gate Post Hill.
4230 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Ratliff.
4228 Gate Post Hill is a natural arch in Menifee County.
4227 Gate Post Hill is a natural arch in Menifee County.
4226 Gate Post Hill is a natural arch in Menifee County.
4225 Ratliff is a natural arch in Menifee County.
4223 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Yahoo Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
4222 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Markers Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
4220 Yahoo Arch is a natural bridge in McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4219 Yahoo Arch is a natural bridge in McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4218 A small pillar arch associated with Markers Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
4217 Markers Arch is a natural bridge in McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4216 Markers Arch is a natural bridge located in McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
4214 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Wildcat Arch.
4213 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Upper Cliff Arch.
4211 Wildcat Arch.
4210 Upper Cliff Arch.
4209 Upper Cliff Arch.
4207 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Cold Spring Arch.
4205 Kentucky 132
4204 Cold Spring Arch
4203 Cold Spring Arch.
4200 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Elbow Pillar.
4199 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Slotted.
4198 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Brer Rabbit.
4197 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Tripod.
4195 Elbow Pillar.
4194 Elbow Pillar.
4193 A view from inside Slotted arch.
4192 A view from inside of Slotted arch.
4191 Slotted.
4190 Brer Rabbit
4189 Brer Rabbit.
4188 Tripod. Photo taken by Allen Dawson.
4187 Tripod.
4186 Tripod.
4184 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Joint Twin Pillars.
4183 Rose diagram showing joint orientations along Little Sandy River. View Location
on Geologic Map
4182 Rose diagram showing joint orientations along Little Sandy River. View Location
on Geologic Map
4181 Rose diagram showing joint orientations along Little Sandy River. View Location
on Geologic Map
4180 Rose diagram showing joint orientations along Little Sandy River. View Location
on Geologic Map
4178 Joint Twin Pillars
4177 Joint Twin Pillars
4175 Slump below a trailer. Approximately 50 -75 ft in length. View Location
on Geologic Map
4174 Colluvium accumulation zone at bottom of old landslide and along creek. View Location
on Geologic Map
4173 Scarp face from old landslide. View Location
on Geologic Map
4172 Water fall with small alluvial fan at the base. View Location
on Geologic Map
4171 Small alluvial fan coming out of a very small drainage. View Location
on Geologic Map
4170 Possible mining or other disturbance of the area. View Location
on Geologic Map
4169 Alluvial fan along convergence of two small drainages. View Location
on Geologic Map
4168 Alluvial Fan at Hood''s Church View Location
on Geologic Map
4167 Slope failure along side of retaining wall, fossiliferous limestone can be seen here. View Location
on Geologic Map
4166 Barrow Pit showing exposed colluvium. View Location
on Geologic Map
4165 Along Dry Creek Road, there are several potential areas for slope failure. A chain link has been placed along side of road, but its'' use is unclear. This picture is just a small potential area for landslides. View Location
on Geologic Map
4163 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Hopeful Pillar.
4162 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at After Lunch Arch.
4161 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Lunch Arch.
4160 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Side Drain Arch
4158 Back opening for Little Maze arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4157 Side opening of Little Maze arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4156 Front opening for Little Maze arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4154 Spectacles is located along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4153 Hopeful Pillar is a small pillar arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County. Hopefully, this will become a larger arch one day!
4152 Hopeful Pillar is a small pillar arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County. Hopefully it will be come a larger arch one day!
4151 Pinnacle arch is a small arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4150 After Lunch Arch is near Lunch Arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4149 After Lunch Arch is near Lunch Arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4148 Lunch Arch is located along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4147 Lunch Arch is located along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4146 Split and Pillar are two arches which share a common location. This picture is of the "pillar" arch.
4145 Split and Pillar arches are two arches located in one location. This picture is of the "split" arch.
4144 Side Drain Arch is a limestone arch located in Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4142 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at V Pillar.
4141 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Y Base Pillar.
4140 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at The Y.
4139 Rose diagram showing joint orientation of Cave Watcher.
4137 V Pillar is an arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4136 V Pillar is an arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4135 V Pillar is an arch along Cave Hollow in Lee County.
4134 Y Base Pillar is an arch located below The Y arch.
4133 Y Base Pillar is an arch located below The Y arch.
4132 The back opening of The Y arch located in Lee County.
4131 The side opening of The Y arch located in Lee County.
4130 The front opening of The Y arch located in Lee County.
4129 Cave Watcher is a limestone arch in Lee County.
4128 Cave Watcher is a limestone arch in Lee County.
4126 Joint in exposed bedrock on county road 1021 along Hurricane Creek in Boyd County near Ashland, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
4125 Joint in exposed bedrock along Hurricane Creek in Boyd County near Ashland, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
4124 Joint in exposed bedrock along Hurricane Creek in Boyd County near Ashland, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
4122 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Elephant Head in Edmonson County.
4121 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Eye Socket in Edmonson County.
4120 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at First Creek Double in Edmonson County.
4119 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Talon in Edmonson County.
4118 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Hobbit Hole in Edmonson County.
4116 Elephant Head is a pillar arch in Edmonson County.
4115 Eye Socket is a pillar arch in Edmonson County
4114 Eye Socket is a pillar arch in Edmonson County.
4113 First Creek Double arch is a pillar arch in Edmonson County.
4112 First Creek Double arch is a pillar arch in Edmonson County.
4111 Talon is a pillar arch in Edmonson County.
4109 Wham is a buttress arch in Edmonson County.
4108 Wham is a buttress arch in Edmonson County.
4107 Hobbit Hole is a pillar arch in Edmonson County.
4105 Hobbit Hole is a pillar arch in Edmonson County.
4101 Farmers Siltstone Member of the Borden Formation on KY-32 just north of its intersection with I-64 near Morehead, Rowan County, KY. The evenly bedded sandstone unit is a cratonic bed that coarsens upward and is abruptly capped by another lobe. View Location
on Geologic Map
4099 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Last Call Twin Arches.
4098 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Little Sinking Creek Arch Complex.
4096 Little Sinking Cave Bridge
4095 Last Call Twin Arches.
4094 Last Call Twin Arches
4093 Little Sinking Creek Arch Complex
4092 One of the openings associated with the Little Sinking Creek Arch Complex.
4091 Middle opening associated with the Little Sinking Creek Arch Complex.
4090 One of the openings associated with the Little Sinking Creek Arch Complex.
4087 Colluvium along Cell Tower. Trees growing at angles, poor soil development. View Location
on Geologic Map
4086 Colluvium outcrop near cell tower. No soil development, lots of fragmented rocks. Trees growing at angles. View Location
on Geologic Map
4085 Colluvium outcrop near cell tower. No soil development, lots of fragmented rocks. Trees growing at angles. View Location
on Geologic Map
4084 Residuum on ridgetop. Trees straight up, low slope, a lot of residences. View Location
on Geologic Map
4082 Waterfall and outcrop at Hurricane Fork. Waterfall is approximately 10 ft in height. Alluvium along creek is very thick in spots. Possibly from lake deposits. View Location
on Geologic Map
4081 View of alluvium along KY-5 of East Fork of Little Sandy. Broad floodplain with oxbow. View Location
on Geologic Map
4080 Colluvium along Daniels Fork. Trees are angled on high slope. View Location
on Geologic Map
4079 Daniels Fork Alluvium View Location
on Geologic Map
4078 Alluvium along Daniels Fork. View Location
on Geologic Map
4077 Alluvium near mouth of Daniels Fork. Sandy dark brown alluvium. View Location
on Geologic Map
4076 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Noah Creek Bridge in Christian County.
4075 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Gile Arch in Christian County.
4074 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Fort Campbell Arch in Christian County.
4073 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Triplet Tunnels in McCreary County.
4071 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Troxel in McCreary County.
4069 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Negro Creek Arch in McCreary County.
4067 Noah Creek Bridge is located in Christian County and has a span of 13.2 feet.
4066 Noah Creek Bridge in Christian County has a span of 13.2 feet.
4065 Gile Arch in Christian County has a span of 1 foot and is 7.5 feet high.
4064 Gile Arch located in Christian County has a span of 1 foot and is 7.5 feet high.
4063 Fort Campbell Arch in Christian County has a span of 7.8 feet.
4062 Fort Campbell Arch in Christian County has a span of 7.8 feet.
4059 Alluvium along Kouns Rd. Brown silty-sand. View Location
on Geologic Map
4058 Alluvium along Little Hood Creek near rundown Breezeway Park. Brown silty-sand. View Location
on Geologic Map
4057 Alluvium near Fairview Football field along Little Hood Creek. Dark brown in color and silty-sandy. View Location
on Geologic Map
4056 Alluvium along Hood Creek. Brown silty-sand sediment. Very flat. View Location
on Geologic Map
4055 Alluvium along Rockgate Rd. Brown silty-sand alluvium. View Location
on Geologic Map
4054 One of the Triplet Tunnels in McCreary County with a span of 4.5 feet.
4053 One of the Triplet Tunnels in McCreary County with a span of 11.3 feet.
4052 View from the top of one of the Triplet Tunnels in McCreary County. This arch has a span of 11.3 feet.
4051 View from the top of one of the Triplet Tunnels in McCreary County. This arch has a span of 3 feet.
4050 Troxel arch in McCreary County has a span of 10.3 feet.
4049 Troxel arch in McCreary County has a span of 10.3 feet.
4047 Rockhouse along Rockhouse Fork. Overhang over small creek, with many no trespassing signs along entry. View Location
on Geologic Map
4046 Negro Creek Arch in McCreary County has a span of 42.5 feet.
4045 Negro Creek Arch in McCreary County has a span of 42.5 feet.
4043 Negro Creek Arch in McCreary County has a span of 42.5 feet.
4041 Callixylon cross section View Location
on Geologic Map
4040 Portion of a Callixylon tree View Location
on Geologic Map
4039 Channel sandstone above #13\Baker ? Coal View Location
on Geologic Map
4038 Alluvium outcrop View Location
on Geologic Map
4036 Dipping beds of Alluvium View Location
on Geologic Map
4035 Dipping beds of alluvium View Location
on Geologic Map
4034 Dipping beds of Alluvium View Location
on Geologic Map
4033 Alluvium Outcrop View Location
on Geologic Map
4031 eluviated zone View Location
on Geologic Map
4030 Slump along the Green River View Location
on Geologic Map
4029 Slump slong the Green River View Location
on Geologic Map
4028 Alluvium along the Green River View Location
on Geologic Map
4027 Alluvial outcrop along the Green River View Location
on Geologic Map
4026 Sandstone underneath Madisonville\West Franklin Ls. View Location
on Geologic Map
4025 Sandstone in the Shelburn Fm. underneath the Madisonville\West Franklin Ls. View Location
on Geologic Map
4024 Green River floodplain alluvium View Location
on Geologic Map
4022 Herrin #11 coal View Location
on Geologic Map
4018 Mine spoil View Location
on Geologic Map
4017 Junction of Big Sandy and Ohio Rivers, showing flood wall and the meeting of the two rivers. View Location
on Geologic Map
4016 Igneous and metamorphic pebble in old alluvium. View Location
on Geologic Map
4015 5 ft waterfall at Hood Creek View Location
on Geologic Map
4014 5 ft waterfall at Hood Creek View Location
on Geologic Map
4013 Landslide at Providence Apartments. View Location
on Geologic Map
4010 Mine spoil on a Princess No. 7 strip mine View Location
on Geologic Map
4008 Picture of alluvium View Location
on Geologic Map
4005 Ripple marks of the limestone of the Kope Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
4004 Camp Nelson Limestone (Palisades)on the Dix River View Location
on Geologic Map
4003 Looking southeast across the Ohio River into a steep, wooded hillside in Cresswood Hills, Kenton County, KY. This hillside is underlain mostly by the Kope Formation and also is an actively eroding cut bank of the river in its narrows at Anderson Ferry. View Location
on Geologic Map
4002 Looking southwest across Two Mile Creek at a typical, well tended grassy slope of the Kope Formation. Photo taken from KY-35 about one mile south of Sparta. Thick, well mowed grass and trees help stabilize Kope slopes from mass movement. View Location
on Geologic Map
4001 Bull Fork Formation (Ob) near mile 115.1, I-64, Montgomery County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3998 Iron-stained hardground or discontinuity between calloway Creek Limestone and the Grant Lake Limestone Frank Ettensohn). View Location
on Geologic Map
3995 Contact between the Calloway Creek Limestone (lower) and the Grant Lake Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3994 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Creelsboro Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3993 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Koger Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3992 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Natural Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3990 Creelsboro Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3989 Creelsboro Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3988 Koger Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3987 Koger Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3986 Natural Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3985 Natural Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3982 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Bison Arch.
3981 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Guardian Arch.
3980 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Suzannas Arch.
3979 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Left Flank Shelf.
3978 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Tight Hollow Pillar.
3977 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Tight Hollow Branch Arch.
3976 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Waterway Arch.
3975 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Split Pillar. View Location
on Geologic Map
3974 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Double Pillar Arch.
3973 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Double Top Arch.
3972 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mulehead Arch.
3971 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Rough Arch.
3970 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Cliffcrack Arch.
3969 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Flea Cave Arch.
3968 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Lous Arch.
3967 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Stone Doorway Window.
3966 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Cubby South.
3965 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Hominy Hole Double.
3964 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Military Wall Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3963 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Big Hole. View Location
on Geologic Map
3962 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Kentucky 79.
3961 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Martin Fork Triplets_upper.
3960 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Martin Fork Triplets_middle.
3959 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Martin Fork Triplets_lower.
3958 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mill Creek Arch_3.
3957 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Double Cave Branch Arch.
3956 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Lesser John Arch.
3955 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Black John Spout.
3954 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Black John Arch.
3953 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Poundstone Arch.
3952 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Tall Arch.
3951 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Bear Pen Double Bridge.
3950 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Short Life. View Location
on Geologic Map
3949 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Dark Pillar. View Location
on Geologic Map
3948 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Breakaway Arch.
3947 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mill Creek Window_4.
3946 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mill Creek Window_3.
3945 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mill Creek Window_1.
3944 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mill Creek West Arch.
3943 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mill Creek East Arch.
3942 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Mill Creek Pillar.
3941 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Kie Cave Twin Arches.
3940 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Goodrum Bridge.
3938 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Huckleberry Arch.
3937 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Zoo Arch_3.
3936 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Zoo Arch_2.
3935 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Zoo Arch_1.
3934 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Bertis Arch.
3933 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Knob Skylight Window.
3931 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Rattlesnake Arch.
3929 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Split Pillar Arch.
3928 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Ravens Window.
3927 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Millers Double Arch.
3926 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Three Door Arch.
3925 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Sinking Fork Arch.
3924 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Point Crack Arch.
3923 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Arch_2.
3922 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Arch_3.
3921 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Arch_4.
3920 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Doorway Arch.
3919 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Upper Bench Arch.
3918 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Noahs Spout.
3917 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for One Way Arch.
3916 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Sal Branch Lower Arch.
3915 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Deformed Pillar Arch.
3914 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Sal Branch Lower Arch
3913 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Sal Branch Lower Arch
3911 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Sal Branch Arch.
3910 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Tower Rock Fin Arch.
3906 Asymmetrical para ripples of the Kope Formation near Banklick Creek View Location
on Geologic Map
3905 natural slide along reservoir, thin translational, debris and large trees into creek, homes above View Location
on Geologic Map
3904 Arch_1.
3902 Hawkeye Arch.
3901 Bison Arch.
3900 Bison Arch.
3899 Guardian Arch.
3897 Suzannas Arch
3896 Suzannas Arch
3895 Left Flank Shelf.
3894 Tight Hollow Pillar
3893 Tight Hollow Branch Arch.
3892 Tight Hollow Branch Arch.
3891 Waterway Arch. This is probably a false arch.
3890 Split Pillar View Location
on Geologic Map
3889 Double Pillar Arch.
3888 Double Top Arch.
3887 Mulehead Arch
3885 Rough Arch.
3884 Rough Arch.
3883 Cliffcrack Arch
3882 Flea Cave Arch.
3881 Flea Cave Arch.
3880 Flea Cave Arch.
3879 Lous Arch.
3878 Lous Arch.
3877 Stone Doorway Window.
3876 Cubby North
3875 Cubby South.
3873 Hominy Hole Window.
3872 Hominy Hole Double
3871 Hominy Hole Double
3870 Military Wall Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3869 Military Wall Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3868 Big Hole. View Location
on Geologic Map
3867 Big Hole. View Location
on Geologic Map
3866 Kentucky 79.
3865 Martin Fork Triplets_upper.
3864 Martin Fork Triplets_upper
3863 Martin Fork Triplets_middle
3862 Martin Fork Triplets_lower
3861 Martin Fork Triplets_lower.
3860 Martin Fork Triplets_lower.
3858 Mill Creek Window_2
3857 Mill Creek Arch_3
3856 Mill Creek Arch_3
3854 Double Cave Branch Arch.
3853 Lesser John Arch
3852 Black John Spout.
3851 Black John Arch
3850 Black John Arch.
3849 Poundstone Arch.
3848 Poundstone Arch.
3847 Tall Arch.
3846 Tall Arch.
3844 Bear Pen Lower Bridge.
3843 Bear Pen Double Bridge
3842 Bear Pen Double Bridge.
3841 Short Life. View Location
on Geologic Map
3840 Dark Pillar. View Location
on Geologic Map
3839 Dark Pillar. View Location
on Geologic Map
3838 Breakaway Arch.
3837 Breakaway Arch.
3836 Mill Creek Window_4
3835 Mill Creek Window_3
3834 Mill Creek Window_1.
3833 Mill Creek West Arch.
3832 Mill Creek West Arch.
3831 Mill Creek East Arch.
3830 Mill Creek East Arch.
3829 Mill Creek Pillar
3828 Mill Creek Pillar
3827 Kie Cave Twin Arches.
3826 Kie Cave Twin Arches
3825 Kie Cave Twin Arches.
3824 Goodrum Bridge
3823 Goodrum Bridge.
3820 Huckleberry Arch.
3819 Huckleberry Arch.
3818 Zoo Arch_3
3817 Top opening of Zoo Arch_2.
3816 Bottom opening of Zoo Arch_2.
3815 Zoo Arch_1.
3813 Bertis Arch
3812 Bertis Arch.
3811 Knob Skylight Window
3810 Rattlesnake Arch.
3809 Rattlesnake Arch
3808 Split Pillar Arch
3807 Ravens Window
3806 Millers Double Arch
3805 Three Door Arch
3804 Sinking Fork Arch.
3803 Point Crack Arch.
3802 Arch_2
3801 Arch_3
3799 Arch_4.
3798 Arch_4.
3797 Doorway Arch.
3796 Doorway Arch.
3794 Upper Bench Arch
3793 Upper Bench Arch
3792 Noahs Spout
3791 Noahs Spout.
3790 One Way Arch.
3789 One Way Arch.
3788 Deformed Pillar Arch.
3787 Sal Branch Lower Arch.
3786 Sal Branch Arch.
3784 Sal Branch Arch.
3783 Sal Branch Arch.
3782 Tower Rock Fin Arch.
3780 thin loess over resuduin with extremely well developed fragipan View Location
on Geologic Map
3779 relatively undisturbed surface of the gravel deposit View Location
on Geologic Map
3778 View Location
on Geologic Map
3777 chert-gravel
3776 chert gravel on upland bench above lacustrine terrace
3775 Active cutbank along Fowler Creek View Location
on Geologic Map
3773 Middle Ordovician Camp Nelson Limestone along the Dix River on the Mercer and Garrard County line. View Location
on Geologic Map
3772 The Glencairn Fault is exposed on the east side of Ky. 11 in Wolfe County. The Glencairn Fault is a normal fault related to the Irvine�Paint Creek Fault System where the hanging wall Slade and Borden Formations have been downthrown to the south. View Location
on Geologic Map
3771 The Glencairn Fault is exposed on the east side of Kentucky State Highway 11 in Wolfe County. The Glencairn Fault is a normal fault related to the Irvine - Paint Creek Fault System where the hanging wall Slade and Borden Formations have been downthrown to the south. View Location
on Geologic Map
3769 Waterfall along Rock Bridge Trail near Rock Bridge in the Red River Gorge Geological Area in Wolfe County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3766 Indian Arch is located in Menifee County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 36 feet and is 6.5 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
3763 Indian Arch is located in Menifee County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 36 feet and is 6.5 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
3761 Indian Arch is located in Menifee County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 36 feet and is 6.5 feet high.
3749 Looking west at ripe tobacco and high soybeans growing on gently rolling, rich agricultural land along KY-279 in Daviess County, Kentucky. These soils formed on glacial deposits mapped as Tazewell Outwash. View Location
on Geologic Map
3748 Looking west at the long, level and straight CSX railroad from its crossing of US-60 at Stanley, KY in Daviess County. This rich agricultural plain is mapped as Carey Outwash on the geological quadrangle, a deposit of glacial origin. View Location
on Geologic Map
3747 Looking across the Ohio River into Warsaw, KY in Gallatin County from Rt. 56, Switzerland Co. IN. Warsaw is build on a low Wisconsin glacial outwash terrace. View Location
on Geologic Map
3746 Looking east at a thin Wisconsin loess (light zone about thre feet at top) from parking lot of Long Horn Steakhouse on Doering Drive, Florence, Boone County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
3745 Bedrock View Location
on Geologic Map
3744 Alluvium and Lacustrine sediments View Location
on Geologic Map
3743 Organic Mat of a slough deposit View Location
on Geologic Map
3742 Getting a soil core View Location
on Geologic Map
3741 Organic rich lacustrine plain (dark) and Upland Loess (Light) View Location
on Geologic Map
3740 Active gravel pit in Ballard County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3739 Active gravel pit in Carlisle County. Pit wall is over 30 feet tall. View Location
on Geologic Map
3738 Thick Quaternary loess deposit along Ky. 80 in Hickman County. The Mississippi River is in the background. View Location
on Geologic Map
3737 Abandoned gravel pit in Calloway County View Location
on Geologic Map
3736 fine-scale mottling in the Peoria Loess is likely the result of cryoturbation, which is a good indicator of extreme cold periods View Location
on Geologic Map
3735 Gastropods weathering out of a Peoria Loess/Roxana silt exposure at the Rocks Loess Section (tip of paleopick for scale) View Location
on Geologic Map
3733 scale card sits at the contact between the Peoria loess (tan unit) that overlies the pinkish brown Roxana silt. View Location
on Geologic Map
3732 excavation exposure reveals nearly 10m of Peoria loess, which was deposited during the late Wisconsinan glacial advance View Location
on Geologic Map
3731 Gravel deposit exposed along a road cut in Calloway County View Location
on Geologic Map
3730 Slump on bank of Bank Lick Creek, off of Madison Pike (US 17) View Location
on Geologic Map
3729 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Carrington Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3728 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Yale Arch.
3727 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Zilpo Arch.
3725 Carrington Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3724 Carrington Arch is located in the Danial Boone National Forest in Bath County. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 44 feet and is 20 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
3723 Yale Arch
3722 Yale Arch
3721 Zilpo Arch
3716 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Hall Hollow Arch.
3715 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Curd Garden Ridge Arch.
3714 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for School House Arch.
3713 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Phoenix Arch.
3712 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Buzzard Creek Arch.
3711 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Hollow Rock.
3710 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Kentucky 25.
3709 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Moonshiners Arch.
3708 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Coon Den Arch
3706 Buffalo Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3705 Buffalo Arch is located in the Daniel Boone National Forest in McCreary County. This arch has formed in the Grundy Formation (Breathitt Group), and has a span of 81 feet and is 22 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
3700 Hall Hollow Arch
3699 Hall Hollow Arch
3698 Curd Garden Ridge Arch
3697 Curd Garden Ridge Arch
3695 School House Arch
3694 School House Arch
3693 Phoenix Arch
3692 Buzzard Creek Arch
3691 Hollow Rock
3690 Hollow Rock
3689 Kentucky 25
3688 Moonshiners Arch
3687 Moonshiners Arch
3686 Slotted opening in the back of Coon Den Arch.
3684 Coon Den Arch
3682 View Location
on Geologic Map
3681 The 450-million-year-old Camp Nelson Limestone, the oldest rock exposed in Kentucky, is seen at the base of the Kentucky River Palisades in southern Fayette County. The Camp Nelson has been mined extensively for aggregate and agricultural lime. View Location
on Geologic Map
3680 The Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone may lie above or below the Millersburg Member. The Tanglewood contains minor shale. It is exposed here at mile 101.6 on Interstate 75. View Location
on Geologic Map
3679 This exposure is near mile 98.0 on I-75 shows the Tyrone Limestone above the Oregon Formation, a calcareous dolomite. Limestone and dolomite for use as agricultural lime and crushed aggregate have been mined from the Oregon Formation and the lower part of the Tyrone Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3678 The Curdsville Limestone Member lies at the bottom of the Lexington Limestone, above the Tyrone Limestone. It is exposed near mile 98.6 on Interstate 75 in Fayette County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3676 The limestone and shale of the Clays Ferry Formation (Ocf) is exposed along U.S. 25 across the river in Madison County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3675 The Grier Limestone Member (Olg) of the Lower Lexington Limestone lies above the Curdsville Member. The Grier has a rubbly appearance. Water dissolves the limestone and creates underground flow channels. When the ceiling of a channel becomes too thin to support the overlying soil, a sinkhole is formed. This exposure is at mile 100.0 on I-75. View Location
on Geologic Map
3674 The Tanglewood Limestone Member lies above the shalier Brannon Member of the Lexington Limestone seen along U.S. 25 just across the river in Madison County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
3673 The Garrard Siltstone (Og) lies above the Clays Ferry Formation (Ocf) and below the Calloway Creek Formation (Occ). It is shown here at mile 97.1 of Interstate 75 in Madison County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3672 A good example of the thin-bedded limestone and shale in the Calloway Creek Limestone (Occ) is shown in this roadcut near mile 96.8 on I-75 in Madison County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3671 The shaly Millersburg Member, which lies at the top of the Lexington Limestone, is exposed at the Athens-Boonesboro interchange on Interstate 75. View Location
on Geologic Map
3670 The New Providence Shale Member of the Borden Formation (Mbnp), seen along Interstate 265 in Jefferson County, is a clay shale, silty, olive-gray to grayish-green, weathers yellowish gray to light greenish gray. Plastic when wet, tends to slide and slump. View Location
on Geologic Map
3669 The Nancy Member of the Borden Formation (Mbn), seen along KY 841 in Jefferson County, is a silty shale, medium to olive-gray, weathers yellowish gray to light olive gray. Stands on steeper slopes and shows less tendency to slump than does the clay shale of the New Providence Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
3667 The Hitz Limestone bed lies below the Brassfield and Osgood Formations (Sob) at this road cut on I-64. Limestone and dolomite in the Hitz are dark gray to olive gray. Pink calcite fills large fossil cavities. Gray clayey dolomite at the base of the Osgood Formation lies above limestone in the Brassfield Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
3666 Saluda Dolomite Member of the Drakes Formation (Ods) near along I-265. Very fine grained dark dolomite lies above greenish-gray, muddy, dolomite and limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3665 The Laurel Dolomite, seen here along I-265, is composed 95 percent or more of gray dolomite with minor greenish-gray shale and sparse gray limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3664 The Waldron Shale (Sw) lies between the Louisville Limestone (Slv), top, and Laurel Dolomite (Sl), bottom at the dolomite quarry near I-265.The Waldron Shale is composed of greenish-gray shale and minor gray dolomite probably atl least 95 percent is shale. The shale is dolomitic and weathers into a plastic clay. View Location
on Geologic Map
3663 The Louisville Limestone, seen here along I-265, is mostly thin-bedded gray dolomitic limestone and gray calcitic dolomite, commonly in lumpy or irregular beds. Shale, in partings and very thin beds, constitutes a few percent, and very sparse chert is present in nodules and thin layers. View Location
on Geologic Map
3661 KY 80, Floyd County, mile 10.7: Four Corners Formation (Pfc), sandstone, shale, siltstone. Contains the Magoffin Shale Member and the Hazard coal seams. View Location
on Geologic Map
3660 KY 80, Floyd County, mile 12.9: Pikeville Formation (Ppk sandstone, shale, siltstone, Elkhorn coal beds). View Location
on Geologic Map
3659 KY 80, Floyd County, mile 7.9: Pikeville Formation (Ppk), Elkhorn coal seams. Cedar trees on benches are evidence of calcareous rocks beneath. View Location
on Geologic Map
3658 KY 80, Floyd County, mile 3.2: Pikeville Formation (Ppk Elkhorn coal beds, sandstone, shale at base). View Location
on Geologic Map
3657 KY 80, Knott County, mile 17.2: Moisture seeps from the Kendrick Shale in the Hyden Formation (Ph) onto sandstone in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk) beneath. View Location
on Geologic Map
3656 KY 80, Knott County, mile 14.8: Sandstone, shale, siltstone, and Hazard coal seams in the Four Corners Formation (Pfc)tower above the highway. View Location
on Geologic Map
3655 KY 80, Knott County, mile 12.7: Sandstone over silty shale in the Four Corners Formation (Pfc). View Location
on Geologic Map
3654 KY 80, Knott County, mile 12.1: Limestone concretions in silty shale of the Magoffin Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
3653 KY 80, Knott County, mile 11.4: Four Corners Formation (Pfc sandstones, Hazard coal beds, and Magoffin Member at bottom). View Location
on Geologic Map
3652 KY 80, Knott County, mile 1.4 Four Corners Formation (Pfc) above Hyden Formation (Ph) View Location
on Geologic Map
3651 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 55.0: Four Corners Formation (Pfc) from top, sandstone, clay shale with limestone concretions and marine fossils, interbedded sandstone, shale, Hazard coal beds. View Location
on Geologic Map
3650 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 54.5: Hyden Formation (Ph): sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3649 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 51.0: Four Corners Formation (Pfc) Hazard No. 7, Francis, and Hindman coal beds, mined commercially. View Location
on Geologic Map
3648 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 50.5: Four Corners Formation (Pfc): from top, sandstone, and interbedded claystone, Hazard coal beds, sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3647 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 48.6 Hyden Formation (Ph): sandstone and shale, coal, shale and siltstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3646 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 47.1: Hyden Formation (Ph) from the top, interbedded siltstone and shale, fire clay coal, shale, siltstone, sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3645 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 44.5: Sandstone concretion in the Kendrick Shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3644 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 39.3: Sandstone in the Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
3643 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 38.1: Sandstone caps the Kendrick Shale and the Amburgy Coal Zone in the Hyden Formation (Ph). Shale contains calcareous concretions. View Location
on Geologic Map
3642 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 34.0: Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal bed in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
3641 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 32.2: Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
3640 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 29.5: Elkins Fork Shale and Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal bed in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
3638 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 28.6 Sandstone concretion in the Elkins Fork Shale of the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
3637 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 26.2: The Kendrick Shale Member at the base of the Hyden Formation (Ph) is capped by sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3636 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 25.1: Four Corners (Pfc), Hyden (Ph), and Pikeville (Ppk) Formations with fire clay and Whitesburg coal beds (Hyden) and Amburgy coal beds. View Location
on Geologic Map
3635 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 19.9: Pikeville Formation (Ppk), from top silty shale, sandstone, silty shale, clay shale, blue gem coal), silty shale, sandstone, silty shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3634 Hal Rogers Parkway, ,mile 16.6 Fissile shale in the Pikeville Formation weathers to thin flakes. View Location
on Geologic Map
3633 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 14.9: Corbin Sandstone Member of the Grundy Formation (Pgc). View Location
on Geologic Map
3632 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 12.4: Pikeville Formation (Ppk), from top silty shale, Jellico coal, silty shale, contains concretions, crossbedded sandstone, Blue Gem coal, silty shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3631 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 11.6: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) lenticular sandstone beds in shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3629 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 10.6: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) crossbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3628 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 9.8: Pikeville Formation (Ppk): crossbedded sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3627 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 7.9: Pikeville Formation (Ppk), from top sandstone, shale, sandstone, coal, shale, Blue Gem (bg) coal, one of the most important coals because of its high quality. View Location
on Geologic Map
3626 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 5.7: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) with commercially mined Blue Gem (bg) coal and pine cone-loving goat. View Location
on Geologic Map
3625 Hal Rogers Parkway, Mile 4.8: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) sandstone over shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3624 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 0.3 Sandstone over shale in the Pikeville Formation behind The Iron Peddlers from the highway. View Location
on Geologic Map
3623 Hal Rogers Parkway, mile 0.1: Pikeville Formation (Ppk): shale, thin sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3621 KY 80, Laurel County, mile 1.0: Pine Creek Sandstone in the Grundy Formation (Pg). View Location
on Geologic Map
3619 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 39.9: Sandstone, coal, and shale in the Grundy Formation (Pg) lie atop the Rockcastle Sandstone Member of the Bee Rock Formation (Pbrr). View Location
on Geologic Map
3618 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 38.6: Shale, sandstone, coal, and shale in the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation (Pg). View Location
on Geologic Map
3617 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 37.5: Sandstone, shale, and coal in the Pennsylvanian Alvy Creek (Pac) Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
3616 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 37.0: Sandstone over shale in the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation (Pg). View Location
on Geologic Map
3615 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 33.2: Upper Slade Formation (Mslu): top to bottom, Bangor Limestone (Mbg), Hartselle Formation (Mhs), Kidder Limestone Member (Mmk). View Location
on Geologic Map
3614 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 32.2 Kidder Limestone Member (Mmk) of the upper Slade Formation (Mslu). View Location
on Geologic Map
3613 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 31.4: Ste. Genevieve Limestone Member (Mmg)of the Monteagle Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3612 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 27.2: Ste. Genevieve Limestone Member (Mmg) of the Monteagle Limestone. The Ste. Genevieve is widely quarried for construction aggregate and agricultural lime. View Location
on Geologic Map
3611 KY 80, Pulaski County, mile 23.9: Monteagle Limestone (Mm). View Location
on Geologic Map
3610 KY 80 bypass, Pulaski County, mile 1.3: Reservoir Knob and abandoned Colyer Quarry. The Monteagle Limestone (Mm). Pennsylvanian sandstone rests unconformably on the Monteagle. View Location
on Geologic Map
3609 Nunn Parkway, mile 84.7: Mississippian Borden Formation (Mb shale and siltstone), Muldraugh Member (Mbm siltstone), at top. View Location
on Geologic Map
3608 Nunn Parkway, mile 83.3-84.1: Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw limestone and shale) over Muldraugh Member (Mbm siltstone) of the Borden Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
3607 Nunn Parkway, mile 77.3: Lower St. Louis Limestone (Msl): dolomite, limestone, and quartz nodular zone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3606 Nunn Parkway, mile 75.5, 76.0-76.1: Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw): shale and limestone. Groundwater encountering shale emerges from the cut. View Location
on Geologic Map
3605 Nunn Parkway, mile 73.6: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): dolomitic siltstone with tongues of granular limestone and scattered geodes more clayey downward, burrows common. View Location
on Geologic Map
3604 Nunn Parkway, mile: 72.5-72.9: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): siltstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
3603 The Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw) in eastern Russell County provide soils and level land for agriculture and homes. View Location
on Geologic Map
3602 Nunn Parkway, mile 63.6: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): clayey, dolomitic siltstone and shale with small geodes. View Location
on Geologic Map
3601 Devonian Sellersburg and Jeffersonville Limestone (Dsj) near the intersection of U.S. 42 and Hwy. 841 in Jefferson County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3600 Nunn Parkway, mile 58.8: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): dolomitic siltstone or silty dolomite, in part slightly clayey, small geodes, thin disc lenses of granular limestone. Mapped as the Knifley Sandstone Member (Mfk). View Location
on Geologic Map
3599 Nunn Parkway, mile 55.3 Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): dolomitic siltstone with lenses of chert, granular limestone,and scattered geodes. View Location
on Geologic Map
3598 Nunn Parkway, mile 48.8: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): silty dolomite with scattered geodes. View Location
on Geologic Map
3597 Nunn Parkway, mile 45.0: Reef Limestone (rl) of the Fort Payne Formation (Mfp). View Location
on Geologic Map
3596 Quartz geodes in the dolomitic siltstone of the Fort Payne Formation along the Louie B. Nunn Cumberland Parkway, mile 41.6, in Adair County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3595 Nunn Parkway, mile 41.6: Reef limestone (rl) over dolomitic silstone in the Fort Payne (Mfp) Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
3594 Nunn Parkway, mile 41.2: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): reef limestone (rl) above dolomitic siltstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3593 Nunn Parkway, mile 28.7 Cavities remain where geodes were once embedded. View Location
on Geologic Map
3592 Nunn Parkway, mile 39.4: The reef limestone above dolomitic siltstone in the Fort Payne Formation (Mfp). View Location
on Geologic Map
3591 Nunn Parkway, mile 38.8: Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw): dolomitic siltstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3590 Nunn Parkway, mile 33.1: Salem and Warsaw Limestone (Msw): dolomitic siltstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3589 Nunn Parkway, mile 28.7: Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw): limestone and dolomitic siltstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3588 Nunn Parkway, mile 28.5: Limestone in the Salem and Warsaw Limestone (Msw): granular limestone overlies deeply weathered zone of dolomitic silstone in the middle of cut. View Location
on Geologic Map
3587 Nunn Parkway, mile 26.7: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): dolomitic siltstone with small geodes. View Location
on Geologic Map
3586 Nunn Parkway, mile 25.6: Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw): dolomitic siltstone, in part shaly with small geodes. View Location
on Geologic Map
3585 Nunn Parkway, mile 16.0�22.8: The St. Louis Limestone provides rolling to level terrain for home sites and soils for agriculture. View Location
on Geologic Map
3584 Nunn Parkway, mile 14.5: Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw): dolomitic siltstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3583 Nunn Parkway, mile 13.2: St. Louis Limestone (Msl): cherty limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3581 Nunn Parkway, mile 11.9: Fort Payne Formation (Mfp): limestone and siltstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3580 Nunn Parkway, mile 7.7: Salem and Warsaw Limestones (Msw): limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3579 Interstate 64, mile 187.6: Sandstone above thick shale bed in the Conemaugh Formation (Pc). View Location
on Geologic Map
3578 Interstate 64, mile 186.3: Conemaugh Formation (Pc): sandstone, siltstone, limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3577 Interstate 64, mile 181.1: Princess Formation (Ppr) with Princess Nos. 5 (P5), 6 (P6), and 7 (P7) coal beds. View Location
on Geologic Map
3576 Interstate 64, mile 178.7: Princess Formation (Ppr): sandstone, siltstone, shale, with Princess No. 7 coal bed (P7). View Location
on Geologic Map
3575 Interstate 64, mile 176.4: Princess Formation (Ppr sandstone, siltstone, shale, No. 5, No. 7 coal). View Location
on Geologic Map
3574 Interstate 64, mile 174.8 Princess Formation (Ppr) with No. 5 coal bed. View Location
on Geologic Map
3573 Interstate 64, mile 174.8: Princess Formation (Ppr sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal). Red seepage of iron oxide at thin coal seams. View Location
on Geologic Map
3572 Interstate 64, mile 174.4: Middle Breathitt Formation (Pbm). Shale, largely carbonaceous, dark gray to black, ironstone concretions. View Location
on Geologic Map
3571 Interstate 64, mile 172.8 Middle Breathitt Formation (Pbm sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal). View Location
on Geologic Map
3570 Interstate 64, mile 166.0: Pikeville Formation (Ppk sandstone, shale, coal). View Location
on Geologic Map
3569 Interstate 64, mile 162.1: Shale layer in the Pennsylvanian Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
3568 Interstate 64, mile 158.8: Limestone of the Mississippian Slade Formation (Msla). View Location
on Geologic Map
3567 Interstate 64, mile 157.4: Limestone and shale of the Slade Formation (Msla) over siltstone and shale of the Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation (Mbc). View Location
on Geologic Map
3566 Interstate 64, mile 153.3: Sandstone over shale in the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation (Pg). View Location
on Geologic Map
3565 Interstate 64, mile 152.3, 153.5: Dark-gray shale with sandstone lenses in the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation (Pg). View Location
on Geologic Map
3562 Interstate 64, mile 151.0: Contact between Grundy Formation (Pg) and the Renfro Member of the Slade Formation and Nada Member of the Borden Formation (Mbrn). View Location
on Geologic Map
3561 Interstate 64, mile 148.6: Shaly sandstone in the Grundy Formation (Pg). View Location
on Geologic Map
3560 Interstate 64, mile 147.0, 147.6: Mississippian Slade Formation (Msla). White limestone caps other limestone units. View Location
on Geologic Map
3559 Interstate 64, mile 146.0�146.4, 147.5: Cherty limestone of the Slade Formation (Msla), orange-weathering dolomite of the Renfro Member of the Slade Formation and interbedded varicolored shale and limestone of the Nada Member of the Borden Formation (Mbrn). View Location
on Geologic Map
3558 Interstate, mile 143.8�145.5: Siltstone and shale in the Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation (Mbc). View Location
on Geologic Map
3557 Interstate 64, mile 138.8: Interbedded sandstone and shale of the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation (Mbf) is quarried as building stone. View Location
on Geologic Map
3556 Interstate 64, mile 135.4: Greenish gray shale of the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation (Mbn) has potential for use in manufacturing drain and structural tiles may contain ironstone concretions. View Location
on Geologic Map
3555 Interstate 64, mile 133.3, 134.1: Greenish-gray shale of the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation (Mbn). View Location
on Geologic Map
3554 Interstate 64, mile 132.5�132.9: Contact between interbedded sandstone and shale of the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation (Mbf) black, carbonaceous Sunbury Shale (Msu) and greenish-gray Bedford Shale (MDbd). View Location
on Geologic Map
3553 Interstate 64, mile 130.3: Devonian black, carbonaceous Ohio Shale (Do) lies unconformably above green shale of the Silurian Estill Shale of the Crab Orchard Group (Se). The missing Middle and Lower Devonian and Upper Silurian units, which are present in the subsurface in other parts of Kentucky, represent an interval of about 30 million years. View Location
on Geologic Map
3552 Interstate 64, mile 126.2: Green and red Silurian Alger Shale (Sa) is unstable on slopes unless protected by vegetation. View Location
on Geologic Map
3551 Interstate 64, mile 122.2: Greenish-gray shale and shaly dolomite of the Preachersville Member of the Drakes Formation (Odp). View Location
on Geologic Map
3550 Interstate 64, mile 119.4: Devonian Boyle Dolomite (Db), 400 million years old. View Location
on Geologic Map
3549 Interstate 64, mile 119.1, 120.8: Contact between, in descending order, greenish-gray (grassed) Alger Shale (Sa), gray fossiliferous dolomite interbedded with greenish-gray clay shale in the Drowning Creek Formation (Sd), and greenish-gray shale of the Preachersville Member of the Drakes Formation (Odp). View Location
on Geologic Map
3548 Interstate 64, mile 118.5: Sunset Member of the Bull Fork Formation (Obs) over the upper member of the Grant Lake Limestone (Oglu). View Location
on Geologic Map
3547 Interstate 64, mile 117.1: Fault in the Bull Fork Formation (Ob). View Location
on Geologic Map
3546 Interstate 64, mile 110.2, 111.0, 111.8: Greenish-gray silty limestone and shale of the Tate Member of the Ashlock Formation (Oat) over interbedded limestone and shale (limestone dominant) of the upper part of the Calloway Creek Limestone (Occu). View Location
on Geologic Map
3545 Interstate 64, mile 108.0: Lower part of the Calloway Creek Limestone (Occl). View Location
on Geologic Map
3544 Interstate 64, mile 104.0, 104.2: Calloway Creek Limestone (Occ) over Garrard Siltstone (Og). View Location
on Geologic Map
3543 Interstate 64, mile 100.8: Kope and Clays Ferry Formation (Okc) over the upper part of the Lexington Limestone (Olu). View Location
on Geologic Map
3542 Interstate 64, mile 98.3, 99.6, 101.3, 102.0: Clays Ferry Formation Ocf): interbedded limestone and shale. Contains distinctive brachiopod (Sowerbyella) in the lower part. View Location
on Geologic Map
3540 Upper part of the Lexington Limestone (Olu) at mile 95.5 on Interstate 64 in Clark County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3539
3538 Looking at the Mississippian New Providence Shale from the Consaga Parkway near Shepardsville. View Location
on Geologic Map
3537 Looking downstream at Drennon Creek at low flow from its ford at Delville. View Location
on Geologic Map
3536 Looking north at the deformed and faulted sandstone dike in the Devonian Huron Member of the Ohio Shale, on the AA highway just east of Vanceburg. View Location
on Geologic Map
3535 The contact between the base of the Upper Devonian Huron Member of the Ohio Shale and the Lower Silurian Crab Orchard Shale on I-64 between Exits 123 and 132. View Location
on Geologic Map
3534 Looking south at the wide open valley of Drennon Creek, a tributary to the Kentucky River. View Location
on Geologic Map
3533 A view of Silurian topography looking north in front of Gethsemani Monestary. View Location
on Geologic Map
3531 The wide valley of the Little Sulpher Creek, a tributary of the Cumberland River. View Location
on Geologic Map
3530 A spectacular downlap of Pennsylvanian sandstone into a shale on US 27 near mile 17. View Location
on Geologic Map
3529 A spectacular downlap of Pennsylvanian sandstone into a shale on US 27 near mile 17. View Location
on Geologic Map
3528 Looking southeast at Ordovician limestone from the bridge of the CSX Railroad near Winchester.
3526 Looking Northwest at canyons eroded into Pennsylvanian sandstone from the Dry Creek Overlook on KY 927 in the Daniel Boone National Forest. View Location
on Geologic Map
3525 Looking northeast at a massive sandstone bluff of the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation at Cumberland Falls from the east end of the KY 90 bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3524 Looking at the Upper Ordovician Lexington Limestone from the new exit road from the west lane of I-64 at Winchester. View Location
on Geologic Map
3523 A large, thin planar cross bed at Cumberland Falls State Park near the bridge of Ky 90. Is this large, thin unit dipping eastward or an unusual antidune?
3522 Looking at a cut made for the Norfolk Southern RR from the bridge on Wiborg Loop Road. View Location
on Geologic Map
3520 Multiple, recumbent chert layers in a deformed zone of the Mississippian lower member of the St. Louis and Salem limestones along the Cumberland River at Dycusburg. View Location
on Geologic Map
3519 Looking at the Mississippian limestones exposed at Paddys Bluff along the Cumberland River about 1.8 miles south of Dycusburg. View Location
on Geologic Map
3517 Mississippian carbonates in the lower member of the St. Louis and Salem Limestones along the Cumberland River at Paddys Bluff about 1.8 miles south of Dycusburg. View Location
on Geologic Map
3516 Looking north up the best exposed part of the Mississippian lower member of the St. Louis and Salem limestones at Paddys Bluff. Note the thick beds at the top of the photograph and the geologist for scale. See Counts et al. (2009) for more details. View Location
on Geologic Map
3515 Well developed, solution enlarged fractures in the lower member of the Mississippian limestones at Paddy''s Bluff on the Cumberland River about 1.8 miles south of Dycusburg. The orientation of these joints parallels the orientation of nearby faults striking N40 to 45 degrees east. See Counts et al. (2009) for more details. View Location
on Geologic Map
3514 Isolated, broken and overturned lithostrotional corals are part of a widespread Mississippian coral zone. This coral zone is well exposed for over 1000 feet at low water of the Cumberland River. See Counts et al. (2009) for more details. View Location
on Geologic Map
3513 Isolated, broken and overturned lithostrotional corals are part of a widespread Mississippian coral zone. This coral zone is well exposed for over 1000 feet at low water of the Cumberland River. See Counts et al. (2009) for more details. View Location
on Geologic Map
3512 Isolated, broken and overturned lithostrotational corals are part of a widespread Mississippian coral zone. This coral zone is well exposed for over 1000 feet at low water of the Cumberland River. View Location
on Geologic Map
3511 Looking north down the Muldraugh Escarpment from US 21 on Big Hill just west of the Madison/Estill County line. View Location
on Geologic Map
3510 Looking North at the valley of Camp Branch near Taylorsville. Camp Branch often floods the highway. View Location
on Geologic Map
3509 Looking south at a hillside of mostly the Kope Formation southeast of Augusta. View Location
on Geologic Map
3508 Looking east from dock at Axe Lake off Sallie Crice Road. View Location
on Geologic Map
3507 Looking east along the axis of English Lake from the small concrete ramp on its west side. This lake occupies a swale in the Holocene swale and sag topography. The lake is near the Ohio River, close to its junction with the Mississippi River. Access is from Salle Crice Road. View Location
on Geologic Map
3505 Looking north from acess road of the Ballard Country Sportsmen''s Club on Axe Lake into a cypress swamp. View Location
on Geologic Map
3504 Looking northeast at the shelly limestones of the Grant Lake Formation at the junction of KY 55 and KY 1633. This outcrop is particularly rich in fossils and has a parking space. View Location
on Geologic Map
3503 Looking southwest at details on the Ordovician Grant Lake Limeston. View Location
on Geologic Map
3502 Looking southwest at the (Ordovician) Grant Lake Limestone on Hwy 111 in eastern Bath County, KY.
3500 The abandoned high wall of the Marion Limestone and Asphalt Quarry of the Rogers Group adjacent to US 60. About six miles northeast of Marian, Crittenden Co., Ky. The section starts with the Lower Kinkaid Limestone at the base followed by shales of the Clore Formation capped by basal Pennsylvanian sandstones and shales of the Caseyville Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
3499 Looking west at the lower Mississippian Nancy Shale from Tygarts Creek Road, just south of Frost, Greenup Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
3498 One of the best carbonate sections in all of the Licking River watershed. View Location
on Geologic Map
3497 Looking southwest at a large cut of a meander of Slate Creek, north of Slate Valley, northwestern Bath County. This is one of the best carbonate sections in the Licking River Watershed with stratigraphic units ranging from the Grant Lake Limestone (Ordovician) to the lower part of the Crab Orchard Formation (Silurian). View Location
on Geologic Map
3496 Looking southwest at the outcrop of the Clays Ferry Formation exposed along KY 32 just south of its bridge over the Licking River. View Location
on Geologic Map
3495 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Shangra La. View Location
on Geologic Map
3493 Cascade Bridge View Location
on Geologic Map
3492 Bat Cave Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3491 Bat Cave Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3490 Natural Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3489 Smoky Bridge View Location
on Geologic Map
3488 Smoky Bridge is located in Carter County at Carter Caves State Park. This arch has formed in the Slade Formation (Newman Limestone). View Location
on Geologic Map
3487 Unnamed arch near Shangra La. View Location
on Geologic Map
3486 Unnamed arch near Shangra La. View Location
on Geologic Map
3485 Shangra La. View Location
on Geologic Map
3484 Shangra La. View Location
on Geologic Map
3482 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Barn Cave Arch.
3481 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Donathan Rock Arch.
3480 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Kentucky 121.
3479 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Stock Pen Arch.
3478 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Eagle Arch.
3477 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Slade Cow Cave and Slade Sentinel Arches.
3476 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Edwards Branch Arch.
3475 Barn Cave Arch.
3474 Barn Cave Arch.
3473 Barn Cave Arch.
3471 Donathan Pillar Arch.
3470 Donathan Rock Arch.
3469 Kentucky 121.
3468 Kentucky 121.
3467 Stock Pen Arch.
3466 Stock Pen Arch.
3464 Eagle Arch.
3463 Eagle Arch.
3462 Slade Sentinel Arch
3461 One of the pillar arches associated with Slade Cow Cave.
3460 One of two pillar arches associated with Slade Cow Cave.
3459 Edwards Branch Arch.
3458 Edwards Branch Arch.
3455 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Trap Door Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3454 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Little Log Arch.
3453 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Cold Spring Fork Pillar.
3452 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Back Door Arch.
3451 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Furnace Arch.
3450 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Moonshiners Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3449 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Osborne Bend Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3448 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Unicorn Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3446 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Arch of Triumph.
3445 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Eholia Arch.
3444 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Clear Branch Arch.
3442 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Rock Bridge Peepsite.
3441 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Lake Arch.
3440 Rose diagram showing joint orientation at Log Arch.
3439 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Little Cow Cave Window.
3438 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Cow Cave Arch.
3437 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Keystone Arch.
3436 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Shelter Pillar Arch #2.
3435 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Ranch Arch.
3434 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Kettle Arch.
3433 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Sunset Arch.
3432 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Wildcat Windows.
3431 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Colombine Tube.
3430 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Timmons Arch.
3428 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Frontier Arch.
3427 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Rogers Chapel Arch.
3426 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Grants Arch.
3425 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Flat Iron Arch.
3424 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Rough Trail Pillar. View Location
on Geologic Map
3423 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Rough Trail Alcove.
3422 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Hole in the Wall.
3421 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Shelter Arch #2.
3420 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Shelter Pillar.
3419 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Kentucky 76.
3418 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Dunkan-Wolfpen Arch.
3417 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Rango Arch.
3415 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Wett Arch.
3414 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Chimney Top Arch.
3413 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Adena Window.
3412 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Horseshoe Arch.
3411 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Kentucky 80.
3410 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Red Byrd Arch.
3409 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Adena Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3408 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Shawnee Arch.
3407 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Trinity Arch.
3406 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Spratt Arch.
3405 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Devils Market House. View Location
on Geologic Map
3404 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Sheltowee Twin Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
3403 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Cloud Splitter Arch.
3402 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Sheltowee Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
3400 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Dog Fork Arch.
3399 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at South Fork Branch Arch.
3398 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Daniel Arch #2.
3397 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Daniel Arch #1.
3396 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Neos Arch.
3395 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Powder Mill Arch.
3393 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Laurel Branch Lost Camp Arch.
3392 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Laurel Branch Half Bridge.
3391 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Laurel Branch Double Arch.
3390 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Laurel Branch Arch #2.
3389 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Laurel Branch Windows and Shelf arches.
3388 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Copperas Creek Pillar.
3387 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Double Deer Arch.
3386 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Snow Arch.
3385 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Hopewell Arch.
3383 Trap Door Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3382 Trap Door Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3381 Trap Door Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3380 Little Log Arch.
3379 Little Log Arch.
3378 Underworld Window.
3377 Cold Spring Fork Pillar.
3376 Cold Spring Fork Pillar
3375 Back Door Arch
3374 Back Door Arch
3373 Tree Trunk Arch.
3372 Furnace Arch.
3371 Moonshiners Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3370 Moonshiners Arch is located in Menifee County in the Clifty Wilderness Area. This arch has formed in the Slade Formation (Newman Limestone), and has a span of 55 feet and is 18 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
3369 Moonshiners Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3368 Osborne Bend Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3367 Osborne Bend Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3366 Unicorn Arch. Also known as Hemlock Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3364 Arch of Triumph
3363 Arch of Triumph
3362 Eholia Arch
3361 Eholia Arch
3360 Anvil Arch.
3359 Anvil Arch.
3358 Clear Branch Arch.
3357 Clear Branch Arch.
3356 Rock Bridge Peepsite.
3355 Rock Bridge Peepsite.
3353 Lake Arch
3352 Lake Arch.
3351 Log Arch.
3350 Log Arch.
3349 Little Cow Cave Window
3348 Cow Cave Arch.
3347 Cow Cave Arch.
3346 Keystone Arch
3345 Keystone Arch
3344 Shelter Pillar Arch #2.
3343 Ranch Arch.
3342 Kettle Arch.
3341 Kettle Arch
3339 Sunset Arch.
3338 Sunset Arch.
3337 Wildcat Windows
3336 Colombine Tube
3335 Timmons Arch.
3334 Timmons Arch.
3333 Frontier Arch.
3332 Frontier Arch.
3331 Rogers Chapel Arch
3330 Grants Arch
3329 Grants Arch
3328 Flat Iron Arch
3326 Rough Trail Window View Location
on Geologic Map
3325 Rough Trail Pillar View Location
on Geologic Map
3324 Rough Trail Alcove
3323 Rough Trail Alcove
3321 Little Princess Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3320 Chimney Top Pillar
3318 Hole in the Wall
3317 Hole in the Wall
3316 Hole in the Wall
3315 Shelter Arch #2
3314 Shelter Pillar
3312 Kentucky 76
3311 Dunkan-Wolfpen Arch.
3310 Rango Arch.
3309 Chimney Top Window
3308 Wett Arch
3307 Wett Arch
3306 Chimney Top Arch
3305 Chimney Top Arch
3304 Adena Window
3301 Horseshoe Arch
3300 Horseshoe Arch
3299 Horseshoe Arch.
3298 Horseshoe Arch
3297 Kentucky 80
3296 Kentucky 80.
3295 Red Byrd Peepsite
3294 Red Byrd Shelf
3293 Red Byrd Arch.
3292 Red Byrd Arch.
3290 Adena Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3289 Adena Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3288 The Real Trinity Arch.
3287 The Real Trinity Arch.
3286 The Real Trinity Arch.
3285 Shawnee Arch.
3284 Trinity Arch.
3283 Trinity Arch.
3281 Lost and Found Arch.
3280 Spratt Arch.
3279 Devils Market House is a natural arch located in Menifee County in the Daniel Boone National Forest. This colorful arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 6 feet and is 6 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
3278 Devil''s Market House. View Location
on Geologic Map
3277 Sheltowee Twin Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
3276 Cloud Splitter Arch
3275 Sheltowee Shelf Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3274 Sheltowee Double Shelf Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3273 Sheltowee Double Shelf Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3272 Sheltowee Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
3271 Sheltowee Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
3270 Sheltowee Windows View Location
on Geologic Map
3269 Dog Fork Arch.
3267 South Fork Branch Arch.
3266 South Fork Branch Arch.
3265 Daniel Arch #2.
3264 Daniel Arch #2.
3263 Daniel Arch #2.
3262 Daniel Arch #1.
3261 Limestone Arch.
3260 Neos Arch.
3259 Neos Arch.
3258 Wolf Pen Arch.
3257 Powder Mill Arch.33
3255 Laurel Branch Lost Camp Arch.
3254 Laurel Branch Lost Camp Arch.
3253 Laurel Branch Half Bridge.
3252 Laurel Branch Half Bridge.
3251 Laurel Branch Double Arch.
3250 Laurel Branch Arch #2.
3248 Largest pillar arch of the Laurel Branch Windows.
3247 Laurel Branch Windows.
3246 Laurel Branch Shelf Arch
3245 Copperas Creek Pillar
3244 Copperas Creek Pillar.
3243 Double Deer Arch.
3242 Double Deer Arch.
3241 Snow Arch.
3240 Snow Arch.
3237 Hopewell Arch.
3235 Hopewell Arch
3232 Coal bed in Pikeville Formation along US-119 east of Meta, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
3231 Large gutter cast with sole marks on its sides in Ordovician Fairview Formation along US-62/68 near Maysville, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
3230 Pennsylvanian coal bed in roadcut along US-119 near Meta, KY. Note the light-colored shale below coal bed that derives from soil-forming processes in contrast to the darker, more organic rich bayfill shale above it. View Location
on Geologic Map
3229 Large roadcuts primarily in Hyden Formation along access road to US-119 near Sydney, KY. Note the notch excavated to haul rock from the construction to fill areas behind the cuts. View Location
on Geologic Map
3228 Thin coals in the Pikeville Formation along access road adjacent to US-119 near Sydney, KY. Note the uniform base of overlying sandstone with little erosion, indicating the resilient nature of the peat precurser. View Location
on Geologic Map
3227 Weathering and fractures in Pikeville Formation roadcut along US-119 near Meta, KY. Note how the concretion layer is not displaced. View Location
on Geologic Map
3226 Fracture face exposed in roadcut of Mississippian Borden Formation on KY-519 near Morehead, KY. Because the fracture parallels the road, removal of material between the fracture and the original face of the cut minimizes failure of large blocks and increases stability. View Location
on Geologic Map
3225 Sandstones and shales of the Pikeville Formation in large roadcut along new US-119 at milepoint 5. View Location
on Geologic Map
3224 Walcott (White) Covered Bridge over Locust Creek built in 1824 near the intersection of the AA Highway and KY-1159 near Brooksville, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
3223 View of low terrace along the Licking River from Quail Run Rd. (off KY-609)southeast of Butler, KY. Hills in background are shales of Kope and Clays Ferry Formations. View Location
on Geologic Map
3222 Looking up the valley of Johns Creek from the Marathon Station on KY 632 at Kimper in Pike County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
3220 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Sargent Branch Double Arch.
3219 Sargent Branch Double Arch
3218 Sargent Branch Double Arch.
3216 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Crawling Man Arch.
3215 Crawling Man Arch
3214 Crawling Man Arch.
3212 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Schoolhouse Branch Arch.
3211 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Nada Tunnel Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3210 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Martin Fork Window and Arch.
3209 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Martin Fork Window and Arch
3207 Schoolhouse Branch Arch
3206 Schoolhouse Branch Arch.
3205 Nada Tunnel Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
3204 Martin Fork Arch.
3203 Martin Fork Window.
3201 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Sandy Arch.
3200 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Copperas Creek Arches 2, 3, and 4.
3199 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Copperas Creek Arches 2, 3, and 4.
3198 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Copperas Creek Arches 2, 3, and 4.
3197 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Copperas Creek Arch_1.
3195 Sandy Arch is a natural bridge.
3194 Sandy Arch is a natural bridge.
3193 Copperas Creek Arch_4.
3192 Copperas Creek Arch_4.
3191 Copperas Creek Arch_3.
3190 Copperas Creek Arch_3.
3188 Copperas Creek Arch_2.
3187 Copperas Creek Arch_2.
3186 Copperas Creek Arch_1 maybe a false arch. This arch appears to have formed due to slippage along a fracture plane (joint).
3185 Copperas Creek Arch_1 maybe a false arch. This arch appears to have formed due to slippage along a fracture plane (joint).
3184 Copperas Creek Arch_1 maybe a false arch. This arch appears to have formed due to slippage along a fracture plane (joint).
3179 Crawlaway Arch
3178 Scanner Window
3177 Arcade Window
3175 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Baldrock Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3174 Baldrock Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3173 Baldrock Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
3172 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at unnamed arch #3.
3171 Unnamed arch #3.
3170 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Ike Branch Arches.
3169 Smallest of the Ike Branch Arches.
3168 Second largest arch of the Ike Branch Arches.
3167 Largest arch of the Ike Branch Arches.
3166 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at unnamed arch_2
3165 Unnamed arch #2.
3164 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at unnamed arch #1.
3163 Unnamed arch #1.
3158 test View Location
on Geologic Map
3141 Rose diagram showing joint orientation at Furnace Pillar Arches
3140 Furnace Pillar Arch_2
3139 Furnace Pillar Arch_1
3138 Furnace Pillar Arch_1
3137 Spore Arch
3135 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Mushroom Arch
3134 Mushroom Arch
3133 Mushroom Arch
3132 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Rat Window_4
3131 Rat Window_4
3130 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Rat Window_3
3129 Rat Window_3
3128 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Rat Window_1
3127 Rat Window_1
3125 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Blue Spring Arch.
3124 Blue Spring Arch in Mammoth Cave National Park.
3123 Blue Spring Arch in Mammoth Cave National Park.
3122 Blue Spring Arch in Mammoth Cave National Park.
3121 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at unnamed arch in Mammoth Cave National Park.
3120 unnamed arch in Mammoth Cave National Park.
3119 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Houchins Ferry Bridge.
3118 Houchins Ferry Bridge.
3115 Houchins Ferry Bridge.
3112 Remediation of a landslide in the Borden Formation along the Bluegrass Parkway in Hardin County. View Location
on Geologic Map
3111 Joints in roadcut along Bluegrass Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
3110 Joints in roadcut along Bluegrass Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
3109 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for roadcut along Bluegrass Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
3107 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Log Rock in Kingdom Come State Park. View Location
on Geologic Map
3106 Log Rock in Kingdom Come State Park. View Location
on Geologic Map
3105 Log Rock in Kingdom Come State Park. View Location
on Geologic Map
3104 Read the signs and beware of bears at Kingdom Come State Park! View Location
on Geologic Map
3102 Devil's Cornhole is a small natural arch located near Devil's Pulpit and Devil's Minion
3101 Devil's Minion is a small natural arch located near Devil's Pulpit.
3100 Devil's Minion is a small natural arch located near Devil's Pulpit.
3099 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Devil's Pulpit.
3098 Devil's Pulpit is a natural arch that has formed in the Camp Nelson Limestone.
3097 Devil's Pulpit is a natural arch that has formed in the Camp Nelson Limestone.
3096 Devils Pulpit is a natural arch that has formed along the Kentucky River in Jessamine County. This arch has formed in the Camp Nelson Limestone, and has a span of 12 feet and is 42 feet high.
3095 Dix Dam Arch
3094 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Dix Dam Arch.
3093 Rose diagram showing joint orientations in limestone at the confluence of the Dix and Kentucky Rivers. View Location
on Geologic Map
3092 Rose diagram showing joint orientations in limestone at the confluence of the Dix and Kentucky Rivers.
3091 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at the Cummins Ferry Arches
3090 Cummins Ferry Arch_south
3089 Cummins Ferry Arch_south
3088 Cummins Ferry Arch_north
3087 Cummins Ferry Arch_north
3086 The Creelsboro Arch (aka Rock House Natural Bridge) View Location
on Geologic Map
3085 View west along Jim Creek from the bank of the Cumberland River through the Creelsboro Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
3084 Moore Dr at KY-1669, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3083 Moore Dr at KY-1669, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3082 Moore Dr at KY-1669, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3081 Moore Dr at KY-1669, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3080 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3079 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3078 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3077 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3076 KY-676 at Collins Lane, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3075 KY-676 at Collins Lane, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3074 KY-676 at Collins Lane, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3073 KY-676 at Collins Lane, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3072 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3071 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3070 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3069 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3068 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3067 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3066 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3065 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3064 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3063 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3062 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3061 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3060 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3059 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3058 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3057 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3056 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3055 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3054 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3053 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3052 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3051 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3050 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3049 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3048 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3047 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3046 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3045 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3044 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3043 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3042 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3041 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3040 Hwy 127, Franklin County, stromatoporoid lag bed in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3039 Hwy 127, Franklin County, stromatoporoid lag bed in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3038 Hwy 127, Franklin County, stromatoporoid lag bed in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3037 Hwy 127, Franklin County, stromatoporoid lag bed in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3036 Hwy 127, Franklin County, stromatoporoid lag bed in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3035 Hwy 127, Franklin County, stromatoporoid lag bed in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3034 Hwy 127, Franklin County, stromatoporoid lag bed in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3033 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3032 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3031 Hwy 127, Franklin County, inventory of disturbed bedding in the Ordovician Lexington limestone
3002 Looking south across the Ohio River into Ludlow, Kenton Co., Kentucky up into the valley of Sleepy Hollow in Devou Park from lookout at Mount Storm Park, Price Hill, Cincinnati Ohio. Coal cars of the Norfolk and Southern Railroad in the middle of the picture. View Location
on Geologic Map
3001 Looking south at typical "divide" topography of the Appalachian Plateau on the Lawson Farm bordering KY 1274 in Menifee Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
3000 Looking south at a large rock fall on KY 1274 in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Menifee Co., Kentucky. This rok fall occured in a near vertical cut of the Mississippian Borden Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2999 Looking west across a ripening tobacco field near Mail Box 2295 on KY 353 in Harrison Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2998 Looking west toward KY 1274 at the Lawson Farm (Mail box 1274) in Menifee Co., Kentucky. This topography is typical of ridgelines in much of the western Appalachian Plateau. View Location
on Geologic Map
2997 Looking east across the Ohio River into Lewis Co., Kentucky from mail box 4438 on Ginger Ridge Rd, west of Manchester, Adams Co., Ohio. The geologic section in the picture ranges from the Ordovician Fairview Formation up into the Mississipian Borden Formation, which forms the distant knobs. View Location
on Geologic Map
2996 Looking east across the Ohio River into Lewis Co., Kentucky from mail box 4438 on Ginger Ridge Rd, west of Manchester, Adams Co., Ohio. The geologic section in the picture ranges from the Ordovician Fairview Formation up into the Mississipian Borden Formation, which forms the distant knobs. View Location
on Geologic Map
2995 Looking northwest toward the valley wall of an abandoned diversion of the Ohio River by Illinoisan ice from HWY 10 in southeastern Campbell Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2994 Looking across the Ohio River into Lewis Co., Kentucky and the west end of Manchester Island from Manchester, Adams Co., Ohio. View Location
on Geologic Map
2993 Twin tunnels of the CSX Railroad through the Kope Formation along the Licking River in southern Kenton Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2992 Looking north at a large isolated and fluted compound load cast in the Brannon Member of the Lexington Limestone on the west lane of the Bluegrass Parkway, Anderson Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2991 Looking northwest across an abandoned valley of the Ohio River-brief diversion by Illinosan ice-from KY 10 near Flagg Station, eastern Campbell Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2990 Looking northeast to a cross section of a large and thick debris flow in the Ordovician Fairview Formation as seen in a large cut of US 62-68 northwest of Maysville, Mason Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2989 Looking east at historical marker at the bridge of the AA highway over Cabin Creek, Lewis Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2988 Looking east at Manchester, Adams Co, Ohio and up the Ohio River valley into Lewis Co., Kentucky from Mail Box 3953 on Ginger Ridge Road in Adams Co., Ohio. View Location
on Geologic Map
2987 Looking northwest down Johnson Creek into the far valley of the South Fork of the Licking River from Mail Box 3085 on KY 1053 in Pendleton Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2986 Open, shallow valley at boundary between inner and outer Bluegrass as seen looking north from the AA Highway at mile 16, Nicholas Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2985 Looking upstream across a full Ohio River at the powerplant of Kentucky Utilities at Ghent from the riverfront park at Vevay, Switzerland Co., Indiana. View Location
on Geologic Map
2984 Looking southwest downstream along the Ohio River from the Hanover College Campus at Hanover, Jefferson Co., Indiana.
2982 Looking northwest at late summer tobacco from Mail Box 2295 on KY 353, Pendleton Co., Ky. The gently rolling topography in this landscape is typical of the inner Bluegrass region. View Location
on Geologic Map
2980 Looking downstream along the Ohio River at almost full bank stage from the landing ramp at Vevay, Switzerland Co., Indiana. Carrollton in Caroll Co., Kentucky is in the far distance. View Location
on Geologic Map
2979 See Photo 2978. View Location
on Geologic Map
2978 Looking east at silicified, reddish brown brecia in a dike in the Mississippi Mill Kob Limestone Member of the Slade Formation along KY 1274 about 200 ft south of its junction with Petite Lane in Rowan Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
2977 Looking north at fluid injection structure in the Middle Tongue of the Upper Ordovician Tanglewood Limestone on the Bluegrass Parkway, Woodford Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
2976 Looking northeast at the mouth of the Licking River toward the US 27 bridge and across the Ohio River into Ohio from the promenade of Riverside Drive, Covington, Kenton Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
2975 Looking northwest at the Snag Creek and Pioneer Valley submembers of the Ordovician Kope Formation on the high wall of the Newport Pavilion Shopping Center in Newport, Campbell Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
2974 Looking southwest at cut in the Pioneer Valley and Snag Creek Submembers of the Ordovician Kope Formation at the Newport Pavilion Shopping Center, Newport, Campbell Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
2973 Versailles Structure, clipped image from the Geologic Map of the Lexington 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, scale 1:100,000 View Location
on Geologic Map
2972 Middlesboro Impact Structure, clipped image from the Geologic Map of the Middlesboro 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, scale 1:100,000 View Location
on Geologic Map
2971 Jeptha Knob Structure, clipped image from the Geologic Map of the Louisville 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, scale 1:100,000 View Location
on Geologic Map
2970 Wagon Box Arch
2969 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Kyrock Bridge.
2968 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Boulder Den Arch.
2967 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Wagon Box Arch.
2966 Kyrock Bridge
2965 Kyrock Bridge
2964 Kyrock Bridge
2963 Boulder Den Arch
2962 Boulder Den Arch
2960 Wagon Box Arch
2959 Wagon Box Arch
2958 Liz's Mini Arch
2957 Liz's Mini Arch.
2954 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Liz''s Mini Arch.
2953 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Loess Arch.
2952 Loess Arch
2951 Loess Arch
2950 Loess Arch
2949 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Hole to the Cliff Arch.
2948 Hole to the Cliff Arch
2947 Hole to the Cliff Arch.
2945 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Tectonic Arch.
2944 Tectonic Arch.
2943 Joints related to the formation of Tectonic Arch.
2942 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Sunnyside Arch.
2941 Sunnyside Arch
2940 Sunnyside Arch.
2939 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Twin Fracture Arches.
2938 Twin Fracture Arches
2937 Twin Fracture Arches
2936 Twin Fracture Arches.
2933 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Winding Cave Arch.
2932 Winding Cave Arch
2931 Winding Cave Arch.
2930 Winding Cave Arch.
2929 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Rocky Top Bay Window.
2928 Rocky Top Bay Window.
2927 Rocky Top Bay Window
2926 Rocky Top Bay Window.
2925 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Castle Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2924 Castle Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2923 Joints related to the formation of Castle Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2922 Castle Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2921 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at White''s Branch Arch.
2920 White's Branch Arch
2919 White's Branch Arch
2918 White's Branch Arch.
2917 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Turtle Back Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2916 Turtle Back Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2915 Smaller of the two arches at Turtle Back Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2914 Larger of the two arches at Turtle Back Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2913 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Rock Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
2912 Rock Bridge is located in Wolfe County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 60 feet. View Location
on Geologic Map
2911 Rock Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
2909 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Half Moon Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2908 One of many smaller arches near Half Moon Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2907 One of many smaller arches near Half Moon Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2906 Half Moon Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2905 Half Moon Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2904 One of many small arches near Half Moon Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2903 One of many small arches near Half Moon Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2902 Rose diagram showing the joint orientations at Angel Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
2901 The larger of the two arches that comprise Angel Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
2900 The smaller arch of Angel Windows. View Location
on Geologic Map
2899 Angel Windows consists of 2 arches. View Location
on Geologic Map
2898 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Sky Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
2897 Sky Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
2896 Jointing related to the formation of Sky Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
2895 Sky Bridge is located in Wolfe County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and consists of two openings. The larger opening has a span of 71 feet and is 33 feet high. The smaller opening has a span of 18 feet and is 6 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
2894 Cross Section B-B', Jeptha Knob Cryptoexplosive Structure View Location
on Geologic Map
2893 Cross Section A-A', Jeptha Knob Cryptoexplosive Structure View Location
on Geologic Map
2892 Geologic Map of the Jeptha Knob Cryptoexplosive Structure, Shelby County, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
2891 Cross Section E-E', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
2890 Cross Section D-D', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
2889 Cross Section C-C', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
2888 Cross Section B-B', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
2887 Cross Section A-A', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
2886 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Indian Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2885 Indian Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2884 Indian Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2883 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at the Ledford Twin Arches.
2882 Smaller arch of the Ledford Twin Arches.
2881 Larger arch of the Ledford Twin Arches.
2880 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Cherokee Arch.
2879 Cherokee Arch
2877 Cherokee Arch
2876 View from beneath Cherokee Arch.
2875 Cherokee Arch.
2874 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Rat Window_2
2873 Rat Window_2
2872 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Princess Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2871 Princess Arch as seen from the next ridge spur to the northeast. View Location
on Geologic Map
2870 KGS personnel measuring the height of Princess Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2869 Princess Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2868 Princess Arch is located in Wolfe County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 32 feet and is 14 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
2866 Rose diagram showing joint orientation for Whislting Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2865 Whistling Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2864 Whistling Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2863 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Dark Hollow Arches.
2862 Dark Hollow Arches.
2861 Dark Hollow Arches.
2860 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at Natural Bridge. View Location
on Geologic Map
2859 Natural Bridge is located in Powell County at Natural Bridge State Park. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 78 feet and is 32 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
2858 Natural Bridge is located in Powell County at Natural Bridge State Park. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has span of 78 feet and is 32 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
2857 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Twilight Arch
2856 Joints related to the formation of Twilight Arch
2855 Twilight Arch
2854 Twilight Arch
2853 Rose diagram showing joint orientation at Whittleton Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2852 Whittleton Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2851 Whittleton Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2850 Whittleton Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2849 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Short Creek Arch.
2848 Short Creek Arch.
2847 Small arch near Short Creek Arch.
2846 Short Creek Arch.
2845 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Nada Arches_east
2844 Nada Arches_east
2843 Nada Arches_east
2842 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Henson's Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2841 Henson's Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2840 Henson's Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2839 Henson's Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2838 Rose diagram showing joint orientation for Sand Gap Arch.
2837 Sand Gap Arch
2836 Small arch next to Sand Gap Arch.
2835 Sand Gap Arch
2834 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Lost Camp Arch
2833 Lost Camp Arch on private property.
2832 Lost Camp Arch on private property.
2831 A mini-arch at the larger of the two Slade Twin Arches.
2830 Larger of the two Slade Twin Arches. Private property.
2829 Larger of the two Slade Twin Arches. Private property.
2828 Rose diagram showing joint orientation at the larger of the two Slade Twin Arches.
2827 Rose diagram showing joint orientations at the smaller of the two Slade Twin Arches.
2826 Smaller of the two Slade Twin Arches. Private property.
2825 Jointing related to the formation of the smaller of the two Slade Twin Arches.
2824 Smaller arch of the Slade Twin Arches. Private property.
2823 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Hidden Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2822 Hidden Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2821 Rose diagram showing joint orientation for Silvermine Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2820 Silvermine Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2819 Silvermine Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2818 Silvermine Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2817 Joint related to formation of Silvermine Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2816 Silvermine Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2815 Fracture forming part of Gray's Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2814 Grays Arch is located in Powell County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 76 feet and is 55 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
2813 Rose diagram showing the joint orientations for Gray's Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2812 Rose diagram showing joint orientations for Star Gap Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2811 fracture orientations at Star Gap Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2810 Star Gap Arch is located in Powell County in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. This arch has formed in the Corbin Sandstone, and has a span of 70 feet and is 12 feet high. View Location
on Geologic Map
2809 Star Gap Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2807 Courthouse Rock View Location
on Geologic Map
2805 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for Double Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2804 Double Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2803 Double Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2802 Double Arch View Location
on Geologic Map
2801 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for roadcut. View Location
on Geologic Map
2800 Fractures in Borden Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2798 Remediation of slide in Borden Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
2796 The Greendale Lentil (ls) lies in the upper Lexington Limestone below the Millersburg Member. It is a nodular-bedded limestone and shale containing many fossils. Seen here at mile 118.6 on Interstate 75 View Location
on Geologic Map
2795 The Tanglewood Limestone Member, clastic limestone, of the Lexington Limestone (Olt2) sits atop the Brannon Member, interbedded thin limestone and shale, of the Lexington Limestone, at mile 67.4 on the Bluegrass Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2794 The Millersburg Member of the Lexington Limestone (Olm), nodular-bedded limestone and shale, sits atop the Tanglewood Limestone Member (Olt), granular limestone, of the Lexington Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
2793 The nodular-bedded Grier Limestone Member (Olg) of the Lexington Limestone is exposed at mile 65.6 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2792 The Tanglewood Limestone Member (Olt) of the Lexington Limestone seen here at mile 64.8 on the Bluegrass Parkway, contains phosphate, which has been mined on a small scale in nearby areas. View Location
on Geologic Map
2791 An outcrop of the Tanglewood (Olt) Limestone Member of the Lexington Limestone at mile 63.7 on the Bluegrass Parkway exposes a unique distorted bedding that may be the result of dewatering and collapse of soft sediments before they lithified (turned to rock). View Location
on Geologic Map
2790 Contacts: The Tanglewood No. 2 Ot2), nodular-bedded limestone and shale; the Brannon (Olb), thin-bedded limestone and shale; and the Lower Tongue of the Tanglewood Limestone (Olt1), all Members of the Lexington Limestone are seen at mile 61.2 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2789 The nodular-bedded, fossil-rich (bryozoan) limestone of the Sulphur Well Member of the Lexington Limestone (Ols) is exposed at mile 56.4 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2788 The Clays Ferry Formation (Ocf) at mile 44.6 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2787 The Ordovician Clays Ferry Formation (Ocf) at mile 39.0 on the Bluegrass Parkway. the shale beds between the limestone are thicker in the Clays Ferry Formation. When exposed to air and water, the shale breaks down quickly, which leaves the overlying limestone layers without support and they collapse. This process creates a more rugged terrain, and the rolling Outer Bluegrass is transformed in the Bluegrass Hills. View Location
on Geologic Map
2786 The Calloway Creek Limestone (Occ) at mile 35.8 on the Bluegrass Parkway: interbedded limestone and shale, limestone dominant. Contrasted with the rubbly appearance of the Grant Lake Limestone, the evenly-bedded Calloway Creek Limestone appears neat and orderly. View Location
on Geologic Map
2785 Rubble at the base of a Grant Lake Limestone (Ogl) outcrop at mile 35.1 on the Bluegrass Parkway includes brachiopods and shows the nodularity of the limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2784 Nodular-bedded limestone and shale in the Grant Lake Limestone (Ogl) at mil 35.1 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2783 The Grant Lake Limestone (Ogl)�nodular-bedded limestone and shale, limestone dominant � above the Gilbert Member of the Ashlock Formation (Oag)� micrograined limestone � at mile 31.7 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2782 Coral that grew in the sea bed that was Kentucky over 425 million years ago is preserved in the Bardstown Member of the Drakes Formation (Odb) at mile 27.5 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2781 Nodular bedded limestone and shale in the Bardstown Member of the Drakes Formation (Odb) at mile 27.5 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2780 The Rowland Member of the Drakes Formation (Odr), greenish gray, dolomitic limestone and shale, at mile 27.9 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2779 The very fine grained, dense Silurian Laurel Dolomite (Sl), seen here at mile 24.0 on the Bluegrass Parkway, is extensive, and has been widely quarried for agricultural lime, construction aggregate, and ssphalt filler. It has alos been used for building stone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2778 Middle Devonian Sellersburg Limestone (Dsb) rests unconformably on the Middle Silurian Laurel Dolomite (Sl) at mile 20.9 on the Bluegrass Parkway. The missing Lower Devonian and Upper Silurian units represent a time interval of about 30 million years. View Location
on Geologic Map
2777 Silurian Laurel Dolomite (Sl) at mile 19.0 on the Bluegrass Parkway shows the effects of chemical weathering. Rainwater combines with carbon dioxide in the air, forming weak carbonic acid, which moves downward through cracks and crevices. The process gradually dissolves the calcium carbonate and produces an irregular surface that may be filled in and covered by insoluble residuum composed of clay. View Location
on Geologic Map
2776 The Devonian New Albany Shale (Dna) lies atop the Devonian Sellersburg Limestone (Dsb) at mile 13.3 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2775 The New Albany Shale at mile 11.4 on the Bluegrass Parkway in Nelson County was formed in low-oxygen (anaerobic) seas that preserved the organic matter in the sediments. In some areas the black shale contain enough organic matter to burn. View Location
on Geologic Map
2774 Thin, laminar layers of the New Albany Shale (Dna) at mile 10.9 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2773 The New Albany Shale (Dna) at mile 10.9 on the Bluegrass Parkway contains very thin bedded shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2772 Silty shale, containing glauconite, of the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation (Mbn) at mile 5.3 on the Bluegrass Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2771 The sediments that form the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation (Mbm) at mile 3.2 on the Bluegrass Parkway were deposited on a downslope (right to left) creating the rolling beds. View Location
on Geologic Map
2770 Chert nodules in the St. Louis Limestone at mile 2.2 on the Bluegrass Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2769 The St. Louis Limestone (Msl), cherty limestone, seen at mile 2.2 on the Bluegrass Parkway View Location
on Geologic Map
2768 The Salem Limestone (Ms) at mile 2.3 on the Bluegrass Parkway. The Salem in most of Kentucky is too shaly for commercial use. To the north in Indiana, less clay was deposited in the ancient sea and there is less shale in the Salem, which is quarried extensively. View Location
on Geologic Map
2767 Oolitic limestone of the Ste. Genevieve (Msg) at mile 128.4 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2766 The Ste. Genevieve Limestone (Msg), medium-grained limestone, partly oolitic, seen at mile 124.5 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. The Ste. Genevieve is mined and quarried for use as agricultural lime and construction aggregate. View Location
on Geologic Map
2765 Oil stains on the Big Clifty Sandstone Member (Mgb) of the Golconda Formation at mile 120.9 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2764 Beaver Bend and Paoli Limestone (Mbp) at mile 121.6 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2763 Cedar trees grow where the top of the Haney Limestone (Mgh) (coarse-grained limestone) meets the bottom of the Hardinsburg (Mh) Sandstone (fine-grained sandstone). View Location
on Geologic Map
2761 The Haney Limestone Member (Mgh) of the Golconda Formation at mile 115.8 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2760 Big Clifty Sandstone Member (Mgb) of the Golconda Formation at mile 109.3 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2759 Sandstone lies above shale in the Pennsylvanian Caseyville (Pca) Formation at mile 105.4 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2758 Sandstone, coal, siltstone, and shale in the Pennsylvanian Tradewater and Caseyville Formation (Ptc) at mile 98.8 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2757 Interbedded limestone, shale, and siltstone in the Leitchfield Formation (Ml) at mile 106.4 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2756 Kinkhead Limestone (Mbk) overlies shale in the Buffalo Wallow (Mbw) at mile 101.0 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2755 Sandstone over shale over siltstone in the Pennsylvanian Tradewater and Caseyville Formation (Ptc) at mile 92.4 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2754 Shale in the Tradewater and Caseyville Formation (Ptc) at mile 90.7 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2753 Shale Unit in Caseyville and Tradewater Formation (Ptc) at mile 91.9 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2752 Sandstone over silty shale in the Pennsylvanian Tradewater and Caseville (Ptc) Formation along the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2751 The Elm Lick coal bed in the Tradewater Formation (Pt), seen along the Western Kentucky Parkway, is not thick enough here for commercial mining. The pale yellow strata beneath the coal is underclay. Below that is silty shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2750 Sandstone, shale, siltstone, and coal in the slumping Pennsylvanian Tradewater and Caseyville Formation (Ptc) at mile 80.4 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2749 Sandy and silty shale above and below a coal bed in the Pennsylvanian Carbondale Formation (Pc) at mile 73.5 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2748 Sandstone, Baker (No.13) coal, underclay, shale, and the Providence Limestone Member in descending order are seen in the Shelburn Formation (Psh) at mile 68.6 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2747 Baker (No.13) coal in the Shelburn Formation (Psh) at mile 64.0 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2746 Sandstone in the Shelburn Formation (Psh) at mile 60.85 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2745 Sandstone in the Carbondale Formation (Pc) at mile 53.0 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. Just like sand on beaches, sandstones come in many shades from nearly red, to gray, to brown. View Location
on Geologic Map
2744 White and yellow sulphur precipitates from pyrite weathering in the Paradise (No. 12) coal in the Shelburn Formation (Psh) at mile 51.3 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2743 Cross-bedded sandstone deposited by an ancient river lies above the commercially-mined Paradise (WKy No. 12) coal in the Shelburn Formation (Psh). View Location
on Geologic Map
2742 Sandstone in the Pennsylvanian Carbondale Formation (Pc) at mil 33.2 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2741 Sandy shale in the Glen Dean Limestone at mile 15.6 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2740 Nodule of iron carbonate called siderite in the Pennsylvanian Tradewater Fm (Pt) at mile 20.0. View Location
on Geologic Map
2739 Fissile (thin sheets), carbonaceous shale in the Pennsylvanian Tradewater Formation (Pt) at mile 20.0 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2738 Gray shale of the Pennsylvanian Tradewater Formation at mile 20.0 on the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway in Caldwell County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2737 Siderite nodule in Pennsylvanian Caseyville Formation (Pca) at mile 19.5 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2736 Ironstone concretions in Pennsylvanian Caseyville (Pca) Formation at mile 19.5 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2735 Sandstone in the Caseyville Formation (Pca) at mile 19.5 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2734 Sandstone above and unnamed coal bed in the Tradewater Formation (Pt) at mile 19.7 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2733 Golconda Formation at mile 15.3 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2732 Menard Limestone, shaly limestone and shale, at mile 18.2 on the Western Kentucky Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2684
2677 View Location
on Geologic Map
2676
2675 View Location
on Geologic Map
2670 Fracture orientations using Rose Diagram for slad_01. View Location
on Geologic Map
2669 Fractures in Cowbell Member of Borden Formation along Whittleton Branch View Location
on Geologic Map
2668 Dredge boat and machinery at Daviess County Sand and Gravel along the Ohio River. DCS&G produces over 200,000 tons of sand and gravel aggregate a year. See the Guidebook for the 2006 KSPG and AIPG Joint Fall Field Trip. View Location
on Geologic Map
2667 View downslope of a large landslide in Perry Co. along KY 699. Thick colluvium deposits slid approximately 1500 ft. downslope damaging a road and destroying one home. The colluvial mass was saturated by groundwater seeping from an existing underground mine pool. The slide occurred on in April 2006. View Location
on Geologic Map
2666 Large slump blocks of Ohio Shale within an old landslide in Rowan Co. along KY 1722. The slide occurs within the Ohio Shale that sits above the landslide susceptible Crab Orchard Formation. The Ohio Shale is highly fractured which allows water to reach the underlying Crab Orchard Formation. The Crab Orchard Formation is a clayey shale unit that becomes plastic when wet and susceptible to sliding. This landslide was mapped on the Farmers 7.5-min geologic quadrangle by McDowell, 1975. View Location
on Geologic Map
2665 Small lanslide in colluvium along KY 1098. Failure occurred during heavy rains in May 2009. Note the thick colluvium in the scarp with the house benched into the slope above. This type of slide is typical of eastern Kentucky landslides after heavy precipitation events. View Location
on Geologic Map
2664 View northwest of a large landslide scar in Rowan Co. The slide occurs within Ohio Shale and underlying Crab Orchard Formation. The Crab Orchard Formation is a clayey shale unit that becomes plastic when wet and susceptible to sliding. The yellowish rocks toward the top of the scar are thin exposures of the Bedford and Sunbury Shales. This landslide was mapped on the Farmers 7.5-min geologic quadrangle by McDowell, 1975. View Location
on Geologic Map
2663 Landslide along a cut bank in the Kentucky River in Jessamine Co. along KY 1541. Failure occurred on April 12th 2009 after heavy rains affecting 150 ft of the shoulder on the road. The road was shut down for several days. The slide material consists of roadbed fill overlying weathered rock and soil. View Location
on Geologic Map
2662 Road embankment failure along KY 1722 in Rowan Co. The slide occurs in the Ohio Shale but possibly reaches to the underlying Crab Orchard Formation. Multiple generations of pavement and guard rails have been used in this spot. Note are arcuate cracks and damage to the road. Evidence of sliding is also present in the slope above the road. View Location
on Geologic Map
2661 Looking southeast at a three foot Precambrian biotite-granite boulder with an overprint Middle Ordovician age of 474 Ma embedded in the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale along Logan Hollow northeast of Morehead, Rowan Co., KY. This ice rafted boulder is named the Robinson Boulder after its discovery by M.J. Robinson in 2006. View Location
on Geologic Map
2660 Looking southeast at boulders of the Farmers Member of the Mississippian Border Formation intercepted by a bench cut into the underlying Henley Bed, a shale, on a cut along KY 801 northwest of Morehead, Rowan Co., KY. A bench such as this prevents fallen rock of boulder size from collecting in a roadside ditch and possibly from reaching the roadway. See Stop 2 of the guidebook by Ettenson, Lierman, and Mason (2009) prepared by the Kentucky Geological Survey for the AIPG (Kentucky Branch). View Location
on Geologic Map
2659 Looking north at brown weathering dolomite beds of the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation in hackly, gray silty and calcareous shale at end of Old Roena Road, Lake Cumberland State Resort Park, Russell Co., KY. Fresh pieces are gray, uniform, hard argillaceous dolomite. View Location
on Geologic Map
2658 Looking down lake and west from landing at end of Old Roena Road at brown dolomite beds of the Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian) in hackly silty and dolomite gray shale, Lake Cumberland State Resort Park, Russell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2657 Looking north at the Ordovician Grant Lake Limestone in road cut of south lane of KY 11 southwest of Flemingsburg, Fleming Co., KY. Notice the cyclic bedding in set of 4 to 5 feet. Outcrop is the Outer Bluegrass eco-region of Kentucky (Woods et al., 2002). View Location
on Geologic Map
2656 Looking north at the contact of the Chattanooga shale with the underlying Ordovician Cumberland Formation on KY 1281 along Willis Creek near its junction with Wolf Hollow in northwestern Clinton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2653 Looking northwest at deep reentrant in over-hanging bluff in the Pennsylvanian Pounds Sandstone Member of the Caseyville Sandstone at Mantle Rock off KY 133 west of Joy, Livingston Co., KY. Here the Pounds is preserved at the south end of a large graben well south of its principal outcrop belt to the northeast in adjacent Crittenden and Hardin Counties. This rock shelter was used by early travelers and the Cherokee Indians in the winter of 1837-38 when they were forces to go to Oklahoma by President Andrew Jackson. Above the bluff of Mantle Rock are several large test pits for fluorite. View Location
on Geologic Map
2652 Looking northwest at deep reentrant in over-hanging bluff in the Pennsylvanian Pounds Sandstone Member of the Caseyville Sandstone at Mantle Rock off KY 133 west of Joy, Livingston Co., KY. Here the Pounds is preserved at the south end of a large graben well south of its principal outcrop belt to the northeast in adjacent Crittenden and Hardin counties. This rock shelter was used by early travelers and the Cherokee Indians in the winter of 1837-38, when they were forced to go to Oklahoma by President Andrew Jackson. Above the bluff of Mantle Rock are several large test pits for flourite. View Location
on Geologic Map
2651 Looking north at thin cross beds in irregularly bedded Hardinsburg Sandstone (Chesterian, Mississippian) in front of the lodge at Rough River State Park, Grayson Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2650 Looking southwest at thinly bedded cross bedding of the Hardinsburg Sandstone (Chesterian/Mississippian) in front of the lodge at Rough River State Park, Grayson Co., KY. Note thin beds with ripples. View Location
on Geologic Map
2649 Looking west at oxidation by groundwater along fractures in a new cut of the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation at access road to Holcombs Landing ramp off US 127; north end of Wolf Creek Dam south of Jamestown, Russell Co., KY. Note zone of white geodes at top of outcrop. View Location
on Geologic Map
2648 Looking north at freshwater oxidation along a vertical fracture in the off reef. silty argillaceous and dolomite matrix of the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation in the parking lot of Holcombs Landing at the north end of Wolf Creek Dam on US 127, Russell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2647 Looking north at freshwater oxidation along a vertical fracture in the off-reef, silty argillaceous and dolomite matrix of the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation in the parking lot of Holcombs Landing at the north end of Wolf Creek Dam on US 127, Russell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2646 Looking north at new cut in the Borden Formation (Mississippian) on KY 70, southwest of Liberty, Casey Co., KY. An instructive research project would be to carefully describe this section and compare it with the new one about three miles to the east on the other side of the valley of the Green River. View Location
on Geologic Map
2645 Looking north at fluid injection structure in the Middle Tongue of the Upper Ordovician Tanglewood Limestone on the Bluegrass Parkway, Fayette Co., KY. Stratigraphy by Frank Ettenson, 2009 View Location
on Geologic Map
2644 Looking west at lenses of small quartz geodes (after anhydrite) in the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation at new road cut on US 127 opposite entrance to new launching ramp at north end of Wolf Creek Dam, Russell Co.KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2643 See Wc Swadley (198-) for a map of this massive bed and its explanation as a wash-over fan. View Location
on Geologic Map
2642 Looking south at a long cut in the Grant Lake Limestone on KY 11 at its junction with KY3170 Mason Co., KY. Thin even beds without intervening shale distinguish the Great Lake from the thicker bedded limestones separated by shales of the Fairview Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
2641 Looking northeast at the Clays Ferry Kope-Fairview contact on KY 11 about two miles southwest of the Licking River in Nicholas Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2637 Looking east at the abandoned high wall of the Marion Limestone and Asphalt Quarry of the Rogers Group adjacent to US 60 about six miles northeast of Marian, Crittenden Co., KY. In 2009 the location of this photograph could not be precisely established so the coordinates are those of the plant office. THe section start with the Lower Kinkaid Limestone at the base followed by shales of the Clore Formation capped by basal Pennsylvanian sandstones and shales of the Caseyville Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2636 Looking eat at the abandoned high wall of the Marion Limestone and Asphalt Quarry of the Rogers Group adjacent to US 60 about six miles northeast of Marian, Crittenden Co., KY. In 2009 the location of this photograph could not be precisely established so the coordinates are those of the plant office. The section starts with the Lower Kinkaid Limestone at the base followed by shales of the Clore Formation capped by basal Pennsylvanian sandstones and shales of the Caseyville Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2635 Looking east at the abandoned high wall of the Marion Limestone and Asphalt Quarry of the Rogers Group adjacent to US 60 about six miles northeast of Marion, Crittenden Co., KY. In 2009 the location of this photograph could not be precisely established so the coordinates are those of the plant office. The section starts with the Lower Kinkaid Limestone at the base followed by shales of the Clore Formation capped by basal Pennsylvanian sandstones and shales of the Caseyville Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2634 Looking northwest at one of the best Kope to Bellevue section of the Greater Cincinnati area on Mason Road (formerly Riedlin Road) just east of its junction with KY 16 in Taylor Mill, Kenton Co., KY. See Diekmeyer (1998, p. 10-37) in Guidebook 13 "Sampling the Layer Cake that Isn't" by Davis and Coffey, eds. of the Ohio Division of Geological Survey for full details. View Location
on Geologic Map
2633 Looking north at large isolated and fluted compound load cast in the Brannon Member of the Lexington Limestone on the west lane of the Bluegrass Parkway, Anderson Co., KY. Stratigraphy by Frank Ettenson, 2009. View Location
on Geologic Map
2632 Looking north at large isolated and fluted compound load cast in the Brannon Member of the Lexington Limestone on the west lane of the Bluegrass Parkway, Anderson Co., KY. Stratigraphy by Frank Ettenson, 2009 View Location
on Geologic Map
2631 Looking northeast at the new alternative type section of the Upper Ordovician Kope Formation on KY 466 near its junction with KY 8 in Campbell Co., KY. See Kentucky Map and Chart Series 92 by Holland et al. (2006) for a detailed description and Potter (2007, Fig. 27) for picture. View Location
on Geologic Map
2630 Looking west at exfoliation developed on the Cowbell Member of the Mississippian Border Formation from Flat Hollow Road east of South Portsmouth, Greenup Co., KY. Exfoliation such as this is characteristic of the Borden Formation, when interbeds of shale are absent. View Location
on Geologic Map
2626 Looking north at the historical plaque at Tygarts Creek from the west end of Bennett's Mill Covered Bridge and KY 7, Greenup Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2625 Looking west at Bennett's Mill Covered Bridge, one of Kentucky's oldest and best preserved, from Tygarts Creek Road near its junction with KY 7, Greenup Co., KY. See historical plaque for information. View Location
on Geologic Map
2624 Looking downstream and north at the Licking River Upper Blue Lick along Milltown Road, Nicholas Co. KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2623 Looking upstream and southeast at high water in the Licking River from bridge of KY 11 near Sherburne, Fleming Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2622 Looking northwest along the mouth of the Licking River across the Ohio River into downtown Cincinnati from General James Taylor Park, Newport, Campbell Co., KY. The Licking River is the third longest in Kentucky after the Green and Kentucky Rivers. View Location
on Geologic Map
2621 Looking southeast at a three foot Precambrian biotite-granite boulder with an overprint Middle Ordovician age of 474 Ma embedded in the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale along Logan Hollow northeast of Morehead, Rowan Co., KY. This ice rafted boulder is named the Robinson Boulder after its discovery by M.J. Robinson in 2006. View Location
on Geologic Map
2620 Looking southwest from Quail Run Road (off KY 609) across a terrace in the wide valley of the Licking River southeast of Butler in Pendleton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2619 Looking north across the wide upland valley flat of a smal creek to a large Kentucky farm from KY 11 near Weidonia, Mason Co., KY. THis landscape is in the Inner Bluegrass ecoregion of Kentucky (Woods, et al., 2002). View Location
on Geologic Map
2618 Looking south at former dam and abandoned mill race on Slate Creek just off KY 111 about one mile north of Slate Valley, Bath Co., KY. Outer Bluegrass ecoregion of Kentucky (Woods et al, 2002). View Location
on Geologic Map
2617 Looking westward at a plaque for Mantle Rock on KY 133 about three miles southwest of Carrsville, Livingston Co., KY. This natural arch in Pounds Sandstone, member of the Caseyville Formation was a shelter for Cherokee Indians in the winter of 1837-1838. View Location
on Geologic Map
2616 Looking west at the Kentucky Utilities Plant in Ghent, Gallatin Co., KY from the north side of US 42. View Location
on Geologic Map
2615 Looking west and upstream at the cascade of Indian Creek in the Middle Mississippian Fort Payne Formation close to KY 3062, Clinton Co., KY. Here one can see a very well exposed "off reef" section of the Fort Payne. View Location
on Geologic Map
2614 Looking northeast at low wooded scarp of the Appalachian Plateau from Parker Road one mile east of its junction with KY 111 in Fleming Co., KY. Mississippian sandstones and shale form the distant landscape of the escarpment, whereas Upper Ordovician rocks form the proximal landscape. This landscape is at the boundary of the Outer Blugrass and Knobs-Lower Scioto Dissected Upland ecoregions. (Wood et al., 2002). View Location
on Geologic Map
2613 Looking downstream and west at the North Fork of the Licking River from KY 989 southwest of Burtonsville, Lewis Co., KY. The North Fork has its headwaters in the outer limits of the Appalachian Plateau some six miles to the southeast near Bowman Spring. View Location
on Geologic Map
2612 Looking southeast at the valley of Moore Branch from KY 989 southwest of Charters, Lewis Co., KY. Moore Creek is a tributary to the northeast trending Salt Lick Creek, a barbed tributary of the Ohio River (and thus a relict Teays-age stream). View Location
on Geologic Map
2611 Looking south at the Licking River in bank full mode from the bridge of KY 177 at Butler, Pendleton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2610 Looking southwest at the valley of the Licking River from a hillside on KY 609 about two miles south of its intersection with KY 177 near Butler, Pendleton Co., KY. Note Licking River in bank full mode. View Location
on Geologic Map
2608 Historical marker for the Gower House, an early luxury inn for steamboat travelers along the Ohio River, at Smithland, Livingston Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2607 Looking southwest at the Grower House, an early luxury inn for steamboat travelers along the Ohio River at Smithland, Livingston Co., KY. See historical marker for full details. View Location
on Geologic Map
2606 Looking east across Upper Ordovician rocks at the low wooded escarpment overlain by Mississippian rocks from Parker Road about one mile est of its junction with KY 111 in Fleming Co., KY. This landscape is at the boundary of the Outer Bluegrass. View Location
on Geologic Map
2605 Grange City Covered Bridge, Fleming County View Location
on Geologic Map
2604 Historical marker next to Grange City Covered Bridge, Fleming County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2603 Looking northeast at the Ohio River from near KY 137 at Birdsville, Livingston Co., KY. Steward Island Wildlife Management Area is to the left. This part of Livingston is in the Crawford Mammoth Cave Uplands ecozone of Kentucky (Woods et al., 2002) View Location
on Geologic Map
2602 Licking River in flood as seen from ramp along Locust Parkway, south-central Kenton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2601 Looking west across the valley of the North Fork of the Licking River toward Pea Ridge (left) and Sugar Loaf (right), western limits of the Appalachian Plateau from unnamed cemetery along KY 334 in Lewis Co., KY about one mile east of Foxport. View Location
on Geologic Map
2600 Looking downstream and northeast along the headwaters of the North Fork of the Licking River from the bridge of KY 344 at Foxport, Fleming Co., KY. Distant, wooded hill is the escarpment of the Appalachian Plateau. View Location
on Geologic Map
2599 Looking northwest along the mouth of the Licking River to the Ohio River and Downtown Cincinnati from General James Taylor Park, Campbell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2598 Looking southwest across high terrace at valley side of Slate Creek near Slate Creek, Bath Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2597 Contact between the overlying Salem and Warsaw Limestones with the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation along the Cumberland Parkway. Note the wavy channel fill in the outcrop. Bronston Member of the St. Louis Limestone is also present near the top of the outcrop. View Location
on Geologic Map
2596 Contact between the overlying Salem and Warsaw Limestones with the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation along the Cumberland Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2595 Contact between the overlying Muldraugh Member and the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation along the Cumberland Parkway. Floyds Knob Bed is also present within the Nancy Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
2594 Load casts in the Big Clifty Sandstone, behind Rough River St. Park Lodge, exposed at low pool level View Location
on Geologic Map
2593 Mudcracks and ripple marks in the Big Clifty Sandstone, behind Rough River St. Park Lodge, exposed at low pool level View Location
on Geologic Map
2592 Western Ky. Pkway, view north across road of Leitchfield Formation (See KSPG guidebook for lithologic details). View Location
on Geologic Map
2591 Western Ky. Pkway, Mile Post 99, paleo slump, Caseyville Formation overlying the Menard Limestone (See KSPG guidebook for lithologic details). View Location
on Geologic Map
2590 Salvage Yard Quarry, unconformity contact between overlying Caseyville Formation (Pca) and underlying Buffalo Wallow Formation, Kinkaid Member (Mbk), looking north. (See KSPG guidebook for lithologic details). View Location
on Geologic Map
2589 007 - Sunrise, Rough River Lake, looking east, Big Clifty Sandstone behind Rough River St. Park Lodge, exposed at low pool level View Location
on Geologic Map
2588 Gray limestone and shale of the Ringgold Bed within the Bronston Member of the St. Louis Limestone along the Cumberland Parkway. Bronston Member is mostly dolomite with minor limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2587 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID bere_I75_05. View Location
on Geologic Map
2586 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID bere_I75_04 View Location
on Geologic Map
2585 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for field ID bere_I75_03 View Location
on Geologic Map
2584 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID bere_I75_02 View Location
on Geologic Map
2583 Silicified coral heads (lithostrontional corals) in the Salem-St. Louis Limestones (Mississippian) at river level at Paddy's Bluff, 1.5 miles downstream from Dyersburg, Crittenden County, Kentucky. At low water such coral heads form a 10 to 15 foot zone at the base of the bluff for about 1000 or more feet. See Counts (2009) for details. View Location
on Geologic Map
2582 Stress relief fold (shale squeeze) at the base of a long outcrop in the Ordovician Kope Formation on the west side of US-42 just east of its junction with KY-14 in far southwestern Boone County, Kentucky. Such deformation in interbedded shale-limestone or sandstone sequences is favored when 1. there is at least a gentle dip toward the valley, 2. consequent groundwater flow toward it (higher hydrologic head). View Location
on Geologic Map
2581 Sand pit in the "Tip Top" Sand (weathered and decemented Mississippian Bethel Sandstone) near the junction of US-31 and US-62, Hardin County, KY. Deposit has a polygenetic soil on its top. The Tip Top Sand is the far updip extension of the Bethel channel which cuts deeply into the Middle Mississippian carbonate section.
2580 Looking upstream and eastward at river level carbonates with abundant, but isolated, silicified litho-strontional coral heads. Found at the base of Paddys Bluff in the Salem-St. Louis Limestones (Mississipian). This is the best river exposure of this limestone between Barkley Dam and the Ohio River. This river was unusually low due to prolonged drought. View Location
on Geologic Map
2579 Looking downstream at river-level carbonates with abundant, but isolated, silicified litho-strontional coral heads at the base of Paddys Bluff. Found in Salem-St. Louis Limestone (Mississippian). The Ohio River was unusually low due to drought. View Location
on Geologic Map
2578 Looking northeast at the Ohio River from the landing of the Carrollton City Park. This picture was taken in the Fall when the river was very blue and clear because of a prolonged drought. View Location
on Geologic Map
2577 Looking to the northwest and sub parallel to the natural bridge called Ravine Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
2576 Looking up into the natural bridge which is made of Pennsylvanian Sandstone. It is called the Ravine Arch and is located in Carter Caves State Park. View Location
on Geologic Map
2575 Looking northeast at drainage and relief developed in Mississippian Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2574 Looking northwestward at a large gutter cast with sole marks on its sides in the Ordovician Fairview Formation in the US 62-68 Highway cut near Maysville. View Location
on Geologic Map
2573 Looking south at a partially reclaimed strip mine of Bell Coal. View Location
on Geologic Map
2572 Looking west across the mouth of the Kentucky River and downstream along the Ohio River from the launching ramp at Carollton City Park. View Location
on Geologic Map
2571 Looking northwest up Ben Willen Branch, a tributary to Salt Lick Creek, from the the AA Highway about 1.5 miles east of Charters. Salt Lick Creek is a relict tributary to the preglacial Teays System and is older than the Ohio River.
2569 Backwater mud on trees and on ground along lower reaches of Banklick Creek. View Location
on Geologic Map
2568 Looking eastward parallel to Long Stretch Rd at the first bottoms of the Ohio River. View Location
on Geologic Map
2567 Looking northeast at intersection of Ky 135 and 723. Shell oil drilled a deep, but dry test near here. View Location
on Geologic Map
2565 Looking west downstream along the Ohio River from .2 miles east of Carrsville. The massive bluff is capped by Pennsylvanian sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2564 Looking east at a well maintained farmhouse. This house is located on a Wisconsin terrace. View Location
on Geologic Map
2563 This natural sandstone (Chesterian/Mississippian) was a shelter for the Cherokee people during the winter of 1837-1838. View Location
on Geologic Map
2562 Looking north at the bottoms of the Tradewater River from Ky 365 just west of its bridge over the river in Crittenden. View Location
on Geologic Map
2561 Looking northeast at the mouth of the Cumberland River along the Ohio from the overlook at Smithland. View Location
on Geologic Map
2560 Looking southeast at large slump on south side of Banklick Creek on playground of St. Anthony School. Taylor Mills, Kenton Co. Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2559 Looking south at stagnant Tradewater River from the bridge of Ky 365 at the boundary of Crittenden and Union counties. View Location
on Geologic Map
2558 Diamicton-modern mass flow from large landslide along Blangley Road. Note the bimodal texture of the paste-like, remolded matrix with angular clasts. View Location
on Geologic Map
2557 Looking northeast at repeated small channels in the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation on the Industrial Highway (Ky 67).
2556 Looking northeast at a long section of the Borden Formation (Mississippian) capped by the Nada Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2555 Rhythmic "tidal bedding" associated with the Bell Coal of the Caseyville Formation (Pennsylvanian) at and abandoned mine. View Location
on Geologic Map
2554 Looking northeast and east at a paleochannel filled by deep maroon deposits of the Nada Formation (Pennsylvanian) on the Industrial Highway (KY 67). View Location
on Geologic Map
2553 Looking northeast at a slump in the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation on the Industrial Highway (Ky 67). View Location
on Geologic Map
2552 Looking northeastward at a cut of the AA Highway near Moranburg at maroon and gray shales of the Mississippian Henley Bed just above the Sunbury Shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2551 Looking northwest at a very typical section of the Fairview Formation (Ordovician) on Pickett Lane just west of its junction with US 62 near Maysville.
2548 Looking northwest at the Fairview Formation on Pickett Lane just off Ky 3056. View Location
on Geologic Map
2547 Looking north at details of a bedding in the Ordovician Fairview Formation located on US 62. View Location
on Geologic Map
2546 Looking northeast at the CSX Railroad cut into the Ordovician Kope and Fairview Formations. View Location
on Geologic Map
2545 Looking south at the full section of the Ordovician Fairview Formation capped by the Grant Lakes Formation with a thin section of the Kope Formation at the base. This is an important cut at the former CSX Railroad. View Location
on Geologic Map
2544 Looking northeast at slump in Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation just north of interchange, I-64 and Ky 67 (Industrial Parkway). View Location
on Geologic Map
2543 Looking northeast at regularly bedded turbite sandstones of the Mississippian Farmers Member of the Borden Formation. Near Morehead in new cut for shopping center off Ky 32. View Location
on Geologic Map
2542 Looking east at two thick zones of ball and pillow in the Ordovician Fairview Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2541 Looking south at medium to thin, well bedded Palestine sandstone (Chestarian/Mississippian) exposed on KY 133. Livingston Co. Kentucky.
2537 Looking south across the Ohio River into Ludlow, Kenton County, KY up into the valley of Sleepy Hollow in Devou Park from lookout at Mount Storm Park, Price Hill, Cincinnati, OH. Valley slopes underlain by shales of Ordovician Kope Formation and ridge tops underlain by Grant Lake and Fairview Limestones. View Location
on Geologic Map
2536 Thin to medium bedded sandstone of the Palestine Formation (Chesterian) in cut on KY-137 just north of Birdsville, Livingston County, KY View Location
on Geologic Map
2532 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID bere_I75_01 View Location
on Geologic Map
2531 Fractures in Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation along I-75 south of Berea, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2530 Fractures in Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation along I-75 south of Berea, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2529 Fractures in Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation along I-75 south of Berea, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2528 Fractures in Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation along I-75 south of Berea. View Location
on Geologic Map
2527 Fractures in Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation along I-75 south of Berea, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2526 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for field ID lhkm_us27_10. View Location
on Geologic Map
2525 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_09. View Location
on Geologic Map
2524 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_08. View Location
on Geologic Map
2523 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_07. View Location
on Geologic Map
2522 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_06. View Location
on Geologic Map
2521 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_05. View Location
on Geologic Map
2520 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_04. View Location
on Geologic Map
2519 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_03. View Location
on Geologic Map
2518 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_02. View Location
on Geologic Map
2517 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID lhkm_us27_01. View Location
on Geologic Map
2516 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID corn_ky390_01. View Location
on Geologic Map
2515 Rose diagram showing fracture orientions for field ID hrrd_ky390_02. View Location
on Geologic Map
2514 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for field ID hrrd_ky390_01. View Location
on Geologic Map
2513 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID brui_ky32_02. View Location
on Geologic Map
2512 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID brui_ky32_01 View Location
on Geologic Map
2511 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_10. View Location
on Geologic Map
2510 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_09. View Location
on Geologic Map
2509 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_08 View Location
on Geologic Map
2508 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_07. View Location
on Geologic Map
2507 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_06. View Location
on Geologic Map
2506 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_05. View Location
on Geologic Map
2505 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_04. View Location
on Geologic Map
2504 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_03. View Location
on Geologic Map
2503 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID ault_ky32_02. View Location
on Geologic Map
2502 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for field ID ault_ky32_01. View Location
on Geologic Map
2501 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for field ID pome_mp_03. View Location
on Geologic Map
2500 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID pome_mp_02. View Location
on Geologic Map
2498 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID pome_ky715_01. View Location
on Geologic Map
2497 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_20. View Location
on Geologic Map
2496 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_18. View Location
on Geologic Map
2495 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_17. View Location
on Geologic Map
2494 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_16. View Location
on Geologic Map
2493 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_15. View Location
on Geologic Map
2492 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_14. View Location
on Geologic Map
2491 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_13. View Location
on Geologic Map
2490 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_ky715_10 View Location
on Geologic Map
2489 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_ky715_12 View Location
on Geologic Map
2488 Rose diagram show fracture orientations for field ID zach_09. View Location
on Geologic Map
2487 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_08. View Location
on Geologic Map
2486 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation of field ID zach_07. View Location
on Geologic Map
2485 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_06. View Location
on Geologic Map
2484 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation for field ID zach_05. View Location
on Geologic Map
2483 Rose diagram showing fracture orientation in field ID zach_04. View Location
on Geologic Map
2482 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_03. View Location
on Geologic Map
2480 Rose diagram showing fracture orientations for field ID zach_02. View Location
on Geologic Map
2479 Industry on the Big Sandy near the I-64 bridge. The Big Sandy and Ohio Rivers provide water, transportation, and level land for industry. View Location
on Geologic Map
2478 US 23, mile 26.0: Betsie Shale Member beneath sandstone in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
2477 US 23, mile 5: Excavations into the Elkhorn No. 3 coal bed in the Pikeville (Ppk) Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2476 US 23, mile 0.5: Siderite nodules and beds in the claystone and mudstone of the Pikeville Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2475 U.S. 23, mile 6.0 Pikeville Formation (Ppk) with Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal near bottom. View Location
on Geologic Map
2474 US 23, mile 8.9,8.4: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) with Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal bed above Upper Elkhorn No. 2. View Location
on Geologic Map
2473 US 23, mile 9.9 Cedar trees feed from seepage on benches in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
2472 US 23, mile 14.3: Massive sandstone in the Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
2471 U.S. 23, 15.2: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) with Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal seam (bottom) and Williamson coal bed (top). Photo by Martin C. Noger. View Location
on Geologic Map
2470 KY 114, mile 7.4: Crossbedded sandstone layers in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk) illustrate the differential movement of sand beds and types of sand during the time of deposition. View Location
on Geologic Map
2469 KY 114, mile 8.2: Nodular sandstone in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk) results from weathering water seeping through many tiny cracks and eroding the sand. View Location
on Geologic Map
2468 KY 114, mile 4.8: Sandstone above the top of the Kendrick Shale Member of the Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
2467 KY 114, mile 2.2: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) with Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal bed and Elkins Fork Shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2466 KY 114, mile 1.8: Fire Clay coal bed above an unnamed coal bed in the Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
2465 Mountain Parkway, mile 75.0: Close up, limestone concretion in Hyden Formation (Ph). The concretions formed in the clay depositions that became shale of the Hyden Formation. The concretions' spherical forms are compressed into ellipsoidal disc shapes by the pressure of subsequent overlying deposits. View Location
on Geologic Map
2464 Mountain Parkway, mile 75.0: limestone concretions in Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
2463 Mountain Parkway, mile 73.3: Sandstone, siltstone, shale, Whitesburg coal, underclay, shale, and sandstone in the Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
2462 Mountain Parkway, mile 69.7: Sandstone over the Fire Clay coal bed in the Hyden Formation (Ph). View Location
on Geologic Map
2461 Mountain Parkway, mile 69.1: The Four Corners Formation (Pfc) reflects a different depositional environment for the sandstone at the top of the hill than for the sandstone below. View Location
on Geologic Map
2460 Small alluvial fan coming out of a narrow valley in Breathitt Co. These features are subtle but common in the alluvial valleys. The material of fluvial origin is most likely a mix of colluvium from the hillsides and alluvium from the floodplain. These areas are also common places to build homes or other structures. View Location
on Geologic Map
2459 Mountain Parkway, mile 63.6: Roadcuts into shale of the Hyden Formation (Ph) may require support for stability. View Location
on Geologic Map
2458 Mountain Parkway, mile 60.0: Massive sandstone cap above Four Corners Formation (Pfc) shales and the Peach Orchard Coal Bed. View Location
on Geologic Map
2457 Mountain Parkway, mile 56.0: Coals in the Peach Orchard zone beneath a shale bed are mined commercially. View Location
on Geologic Map
2456 Mountain Parkway, mile 45.5: Unnamed coal bed in the Pikeville Formation northeast of Campton. View Location
on Geologic Map
2455 Mountain Parkway, mile 44.8: Sandstone over shale in the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
2454 Mountain Parkway, mile 38.0: Pikeville Formation (Ppk) shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2453 Mountain Parkway, mile 35.2: Corbin Sandstone (Plc), crossbedded pebbly sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2452 Mountain Parkway, mile 39.2: Unnamed coal seam (left) over shale of the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
2451 Mountain Parkway, mile 38.8 Sandstone dikes fill tension fractures in a shale of the Pikeville Formation (Ppk). View Location
on Geologic Map
2450 Mountain Parkway, mile 34.6: Sandstone in the lower Pennsylvanian unconformably overlies the Mississippian Newman Limestone (Mn). View Location
on Geologic Map
2449 Mountain Parkway, mile 34.2: In ascending order, Nada Member (Mbna), Renfro Member (Mbr) of the Borden Formation, and the Newman Limestone (Mn). View Location
on Geologic Map
2448 Mountain Parkway, mile 31.9, 32.2, 32.8, 33.0: Cowbell Member (Mbc) overlies the Nancy Member (Mbn) of the Borden Formation. Photo by Martin C. Noger. View Location
on Geologic Map
2447 Mountain Parkway, mile 26.9, 28.1, 29.6,30.3: Siderite nodules in the Nancy Member and weathered out. View Location
on Geologic Map
2446 Mountain Parkway, mile 26.9, 28.1, 29.6, 30.3: Nancy Member of the Borden Formation (Mn), greenish gray shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2445 Mountain Parkway, mile 19.0-26.3: Nancy Member (Mn) of the Mississippian Borden Formation greenish gray shale, contains concretions. Nancy shale readily weathers to plastic clay which is particularly susceptible to slumping when moist. View Location
on Geologic Map
2444 Mountain Parkway, mile 12.4: The New Albany (Ohio) Shale is one of Kentucky's valuable energy resources. Large quantities of natural gas have been produced from the Ohio Shale in the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. Surface and near-surface deposits are a potential source of oil that can be obtained by distillation of the kerogen in the shale. The Ohio Shale could also be a potential source of uranium. View Location
on Geologic Map
2443 Mountain Parkway, mile 10.9-16.1: New Albany Shale (Dna black carbonaceous shale) over Boyle Dolomite (Db cherty dolomite). View Location
on Geologic Map
2442 Mountain Parkway, mile 9.4, Contact: Silurian Brassfield Dolomite (Sbf)�cherty dolomite�overlies Ordovician Drakes (Od) Formation�greenish gray shaly dolomite. View Location
on Geologic Map
2441 Mountain Parkway, mile 8.4, 8.9: Drakes Formation (Od). View Location
on Geologic Map
2440 Mountain Parkway, mile 6.5, Calloway Creek (Occ) Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2439 Mountain Parkway, mile 3.5, 3.8, 5.1, 5.7: Garrard Siltstone (Og), with flow rolls. View Location
on Geologic Map
2438 Mountain Parkway, mile 2.8, 3.2: Clays Ferry Fm (Ocf): interbedded limestone and clay shale. Weathers to form a hilly terrain. View Location
on Geologic Map
2437 Millersburg (Olm) Member of the Lexington Limestone above the Strodes Creek Member of the Lexington Limestone (Olsc) at mile 0.2 on the Mountain Parkway. View Location
on Geologic Map
2436 Fracture orientations using Rose diagram for zach_ky11_01. View Location
on Geologic Map
2435 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. Exposure is in the upthrown block of the Glencairn Fault. View Location
on Geologic Map
2434 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. This exposure is in the upthrown block of the Glencairn Fault. View Location
on Geologic Map
2433 Fractures in Pikeville Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2432 Fractures in Pikeville formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2431 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2430 A mini-arch forming in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2429 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2428 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2427 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2426 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2425 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2424 Fractures in shale of Pikeville Formation along KY 715 near Rogers, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2423 Fractures in shale of Pikeville Formation along KY 715 near Rogers, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2422 Fractures in Pikeville Formation along KY 715 near Rogers, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2421 Fractures in Pikeville Formation along KY 715 near Rogers, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2420 Support beams for abandoned railroad tunnel. View Location
on Geologic Map
2419 Support beams for abandoned railroad tunnel. View Location
on Geologic Map
2418 Loading structures in Corbin Sandstone in abandoned railroad tunnel. View Location
on Geologic Map
2417 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone and underlying Grundy Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2416 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2415 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone View Location
on Geologic Map
2414 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone View Location
on Geologic Map
2413 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2412 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2411 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone View Location
on Geologic Map
2410 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone View Location
on Geologic Map
2409 Fractures in the Corbin Sandstone View Location
on Geologic Map
2407 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone along KY 11. View Location
on Geologic Map
2406 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone along KY 11. View Location
on Geologic Map
2404 Fractures in Corbin Sandstone along KY 11. View Location
on Geologic Map
2403 Possible splay fault related to the Glencairn Fault. View Location
on Geologic Map
2402 Mine entrance off Glencairn Rd in Wolfe County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2401 Corbin Sandstone forms resistant cliffs at Mill Creek Lake in Powell and Wolfe Counties. View Location
on Geologic Map
2399 Exposure of the Borden and Slade Formations at Mill Creek Lake in Powell County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2398 Elk herd in the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area. Two million visitors a year come to the 170,000 acres and 300 miles of undeveloped shoreline to experience the beauty and wildlife of the region. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2393 Looking south at the full section of the Ordovician Fairview Formation capped by the Grant Lake Limestone and a thin section of Kope Formation at the base. This important cut is at the former tunnel of the CSX railroad just off KY-384 in southwestern Carroll County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2392 Looking northeast at the Salem Limestone (Mississippian) - here mostly calcareous flaggy shales and some limestone beds - in the former RV park along Paddy's Bluff Road west of Dycusburg, Crittenden County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2391 Looking southeast at the Grant Lake Limestone (Ordovician) on the Prot Royal Road east of Turners Station, Henry County, KY. Note thin rubble beds. View Location
on Geologic Map
2387 Looking south at the No. 1 Lock and Dam on the Kentucky River south of Carrollton, Carroll County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2386 Looking southeast up the shallow embayment of Seele Creek in northeastern Gallatin County, KY. This embayment was formed by the construction of McAlpine Dam (pool stage 455 ft) below nearby Warsaw. View Location
on Geologic Map
2385 Looking south into Big Little South Fork, a tributary to Mud Creek, from Ryle Road, Boone County, KY. The large valley in the foreground is Mud Creek. Hills are underlain by Kope Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2384 Looking southease up the valley of Mud Creek from Ryle Road, western Boone County Kentucky. Hills are underlain by Kope Formation. Valley contains lacustrine deposits, glacial outwash, and alluvium. View Location
on Geologic Map
2383 Looking south across the Ohio River into Boone County Kentucky and up the valley of Sand Creek from Cliff Road, Miami Twp., western Hamilton County, OH. Foreground is modern river Alluvium and glacial outwash. Background is Kope Formation capped by loess deposits. View Location
on Geologic Map
2379 Looking upstream along the Ohio River toward Anderson Ferry at the Illinois-age narrows of the Ohio River from St. Andrews Road, Ashton Oaks Subdivision, North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio. View Location
on Geologic Map
2378 Circular scarp of rotational slide in loess at edge of bluff in Columbus State Park, Ballard County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2377 Looking southwest across the Mississippi River from Memorial Park on US-51 into Missouri just south of Wickliffe, Ballard County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2376 Flat upland on Lafayette Gravel from US-641 just north of Hazel, Calloway County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2375 Block of ferruginous Lafayette Gravel in abandoned pit on north side of KY-121 east of Wickliffe, Ballard County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2374 Looking downstream and west across the Ohio River into the low Holocene shore of Kentucky from Newburgh, Warrick County, IN. View Location
on Geologic Map
2373 Historical marker about diamonds in Kentucky on KY-55 just north of Olga, Russell County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2372 Historical marker about diamonds in Kentucky on KY-55 just north of Olga, Russell County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2371 Historical markers in Memorial Park just south of Wickliffe, Ballard County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2370 Looking southwest from Woodland Mound County Park across the Ohio River into Kentucky at a high terrace formed by the ancestral Ohio River above Melbourne, Campbell County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2369 Looking north at abandoned channel of the Mississippi River near the junctin of KY-94 and KY-311, south of Hickman, Fulton County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2368 Looking northwest up the Mississippi River from Fort Jefferson south of Wickliffe, Ballard County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2367 Looking southeast across the Ohio River at Manchester Island No2. and the distant Kentucky shore (Lewis County) from the ramp just east of Manchester, Adams County, Ohio. Island is mapped as Older Ohio River Alluvium. View Location
on Geologic Map
2366 Lafayette-type gravel with abundant iron cement in abandoned pit on the north side of KY-121 about three miles southeast of Wickliffe, McCracken County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2364 Shallow, shale filled channel near the top of the Big Clifty Sandstone (Mississippian) at type section just northeast of US-62 bridge over Clifty Creek east of Big Clifty, Grayson County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2363 Channel sandstone in the Pennsylvanian Shelburn Formation showing irregular inclined, lateral offlap. West lane of Western Kentucky Parkway in Muhlenberg County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2362 Shallow channel filled with inclined, shaley beds of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation on the eastern side of KY-67 just north of Exit 178 of I-64, Carter County, KY. Inclined beds result from syn-sedimentary slumping attributed to channel bank collapse. View Location
on Geologic Map
2361 Goddard Covered Bridge over Sand Lick Creek, 8 miles southeast of Flemingsburg, along KY-32. Restored in Summer 2006. Sand Lick Creek flows across alluvial valley developed on Preachersville Member of Drakes Formation (Ordovician). Adjacent geology comprised of Silurian Crab Orchard Group members, Drowning Creek Formation (Brassfield Dolomite) and Estill Shale. Nearby Knobs (in background) comprised of Devonian Ohio Shale, and Mississippian Borden Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
2360 Normal fault passes to bedding plane fault in Princess Formation (Pennsylvanian) on north side of I-64 at Milepoint 178, Carter County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2359 Small, symmetrical channel (4 x 30 m) of Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, cut into underlying siltstone-shale interbeds, has thin coal at base and is filled with shaly siltstone and dark gray shale. Westbound lane of I-64 about 3 miles east of Olive Hill exit in Carter County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2358 Cut in Chesterian rocks on the Western Kentucky Parkway just east of the Princton Exit, Caldwell County, KY. (See Trace, 1981) View Location
on Geologic Map
2357 Looking south-southwest at terrace capped by loess at former temporary course of the Ohio River at Melbourne, Kenton County, KY. Taken from overlook at Woodland Mound County Park, eastern Hamilton County, OH. Notice the lower level directly behind Melbourne. View Location
on Geologic Map
2356 Agricultural land on Quaternary Loess deposits. Looking west from US-641 just north of Hazel, Calloway County, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
2355 Looking southeast from the cemetery of St. Mary's Church on Alexander Road across watershed of Grassy Creek, a tributary to the Licking River in southern Kenton County, KY. Area underlain by Ordovician Kope and Fairview Formations. View Location
on Geologic Map
2354 Looking north down the wide valley of the Licking River from near St. Mary's Church on the Alexander Road in southeastern Campbell County, Ky. Bedrock units are composed mainly of Ordovician Kope and Fairview Formations. View Location
on Geologic Map
2353 Looking west across the Ohio River toward the village of Silver Grove in Campbell County, KY. Silver Grove sits on Ohio River alluvium. The area behind the village is underlain primarily by Ordovician Kope and Fairview Formations. View Location
on Geologic Map
2352 Bart Davidson rapelling from Natural Arch in McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2351 Rapelling off Natural Arch in McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2350 Joints and folded bedding in limestone near fault associated with the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2349 Joint sets in limestone in downthrown block of the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2348 Joint sets in limestone in downthrown block of the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2347 Joint sets in limestone in downthrown block of the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2345 Fracturing (joints and faults) of limestone in the downthrown block of the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2344 Kink fold related to movement along the Kentucky River Fault System in the Camp Nelson Limestone along U.S. 27 south of the Kentucky River in Garrard County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2343 Systematic jointing in limestone near the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2342 Fracturing (joints and faults) of limestone in the downthrown block of the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2341 Fracturing (joints and faults) of limestone along the Kentucky River Fault System. The Lexington Limestone (left) is downthrown from the Camp Nelson Limestone (right). View Location
on Geologic Map
2340 Offset joints due to folding of limestone near the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2339 Systematic jointing in limestone near the Kentucky River Fault System. View Location
on Geologic Map
2338 Joint sets in limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2337 Joint sets in limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2336 Joint sets in limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2335 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2334 Joint sets in weathered shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2333 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and weathered shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2332 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2331 Joint sets in shale exposed in drainage along KY 32. View Location
on Geologic Map
2330 Joint sets in weathered shale View Location
on Geologic Map
2329 Joint sets in sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2327 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2326 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2325 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2324 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2323 Joint sets in weathered sandstone. View Location
on Geologic Map
2322 Joint sets in interbedded sandstone and shale. View Location
on Geologic Map
2320 Cross bedded sandstone of the Lee Formation along KY 7 at Little Sandy River View Location
on Geologic Map
2319 Looking north along an exposed point bar on the east side of the Mississippi River in Hickman County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2318 Looking west at bar along Mississippi River in Fall of 1983. Medley Bar in distance. View Location
on Geologic Map
2317 Exposed bar on Mississippi River in fall of 1983. Wolf Island in background. View Location
on Geologic Map
2316 Large crossbed foreset in Rockcastle Sandstone Mbr. in stream below Laurel River Dam, Whitley-Laurel County line. View Location
on Geologic Map
2315 Looking southeast across the valley of the Licking River from KY-177 near Ryland Heights, Campbell County, Kentucky. Foreground underlain by Ordovician Fairview and Kope Formations. View Location
on Geologic Map
2314 Close up of lithology of Ordovician Cumberland Formation. Chattanooga Shale in upper part of photo. View Location
on Geologic Map
2313 Contact of Chattanooga Shale and Cumberland Formation on Kentucky 379 west of Creelsboro, Russell County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2312 Looking downstream Back Creek at typical exposure of Ordovician Cumberland Formation, southwest Russell County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2311 Silurian-Ordovician contact with small bioherm on north lane of I-75 north of Exit 77, Madison County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2310 Looking downstream at the Cumberland River at larger than normal stage from the landing of Windfry Ferry, far southwestern Russell County, Kentucky. Geology in background ranges from Ordovician Cumberland Formation to Mississippian Fort Payne. View Location
on Geologic Map
2309 Prominant joint sets in New Albany Shale in pit on south side of MacDonald Knob, west of I-65. View Location
on Geologic Map
2308 Contact between Cowbell and Nancy Members of the Borden Formation in Casey County, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
2307 Looking into Missouri along a large side bar on the Mississippi River in Fulton County, Kentucky. Note mudflat in front of bar. View Location
on Geologic Map
2306 Mudcracks in flat in front of side bar on Mississippi River between miles 909 and 910. View Location
on Geologic Map
2305 Uniformly spaced, flat bedded small dunes (megaripples) in small shute of side bar on Mississippi River in Fulton County, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
2304 Towhead bar of Island No. 8 on Mississippi River, about 8 miles downstream from Hickman, Fulton County, Kentucky. Guage at Cairo, Illinois was about 13 feet. View Location
on Geologic Map
2303 Upstream of Ohio River levee in front of Covington from sidewalk of the CSX Highway bridge in Kenton County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
2302 Depositional anticline (inter lobe dip) in the Borden Formation on the Joe Prather Parkway, Bullitt County, Kentucky
2301 Inclined master bedding plane in Fort Payne Reef limestone in abandoned Shamrock Quarry, Adair County, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
2300 Lafayette Gravel pit southeast of Murray, Graves County, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
2299 Cowbell and Nancy Members of Borden Formation at thick section near intersection of KY-313 and KY-434 in Hardin County, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
2298 Iron staining, or "liesegang" in the Corbin Sandstone near Battleship Rock at Natural Bridge in Powell County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2297 Fat Man's Misery is a fracture in the Corbin Sandstone from which Natural Bridge is formed. View Location
on Geologic Map
2296 Natural Bridge in Powell County as seen from Lookout Point. View Location
on Geologic Map
2295 Underside of Natural Bridge in Powell County (near Slade). View Location
on Geologic Map
2291 Using sinkholes for waste disposal, even in rural areas, can threaten valuable water resources in Woodford County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2290 The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service provides cost sharing to farmers through the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) to help them address natural resource concerns. In this case, water quality is protected by maintaining a buffer area around the pond. Photo courtesy of Charles Farmer, USDA�NRCS.
2289 Stormwater management is a significant issue for development in the karst areas of the Inner Bluegrass Region. This stormwater detention basin was developed around a natural sinkhole. The dam is to the left. The outlet throat of the sinkhole incorporates a sand filter. Sinkholes are often part of the natural flood detention system, and must be managed carefully to avoid creating additional flood damages as a result of development. Photo courtesy of Pattie Wilson, Versailles-Midway-Woodford County Planning Commission. View Location
on Geologic Map
2288 Wolfe County is known for its natural beauty, and the Red River Gorge Geological Area is one of the most beautiful areas in the county. Arches, "rockhouses" (precursors to arches), and natural amphitheaters abound. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2287 Wolfe County is known for its natural beauty, and the Red River Gorge Geological Area is one of the most beautiful areas in the county. Arches, "rockhouses" (precursors to arches), and natural amphitheaters abound. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association. View Location
on Geologic Map
2286 Wolfe County, an area of 223 square miles, was formed in the Eastern Coalfield in 1860. The highest elevation, 1,460 feet, is on a ridge near the Breathitt County line, 3.5 miles southwest of Lee City. The lowest elevation, 650 feet, is where the county boundary crosses a meander of the North Fork of the Kentucky River. The 2005 population of 6,875 (31 people per square mile) was 2.7 percent smaller than the population in 2000. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2285 Clay and coal from the Hyden Formation are important to the economy of the Whitley County. Mountaintop-removal coal mining is seen here near Pine Mountain. Balancing economic and environmental goals is sometimes difficult. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2284 Faults have been mapped at the surface around Jeptha Knob in the southeastern part of the county. The ring of faults at Jeptha Knob were most likely formed from the eroded remnants of an ancient meteor or comet impact (www.uky.edu/KGS/education/meteorites.htm). The impact is interpreted to have formed more than 440 million years ago. It resulted in bedrock being uplifted in some fault blocks that were more resistant to erosion than surrounding rock layers. Over time, Jeptha Knob was formed in the resistant layers. There is no seismic activity associated with these faults. Because Jeptha Knob is the highest point in the county (1,163 feet above sea level), it has been used as the location for several radio and cell towers. Image courtesy of Mark Thompson. View Location
on Geologic Map
2283 Looking toward Jeptha Knob in Shelby County from 3 miles east on U.S. 60. Photo courtesy of Mark F. Thompson, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2282 Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky lies on 1,300 acres north of Georgetown. The plant has 7.5 million square feet under roof. The 7,000 team members have built 6,622,114 vehicles since 1988. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2281 The timber industry contributes to the local economy in Rowan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2280 Alluvial valleys provide flat land for agriculture, housing, and commerce in Rowan County, but may be subject to drainage and flooding problems. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2279 The new shopping mall along Ky. 80 in Hazard is directly in front of a surface coal mine. Many former coal-mine benches such as this are being developed in Perry County, some for residential use and others for commercial use. Previous auger mining holes drilled into a coal bed behind the Lowe's building. Photos by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2278 Geese on Cave Run Lake in Morgan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2277 Construction aggregate is quarried from the Salem-Warsaw Limestone in the Monroe Quarry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2276 Maintenance of clean water is essential for public water systems, groundwater, aquatic wildlife, recreation, swimming in the creek in McCreary County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2275 Drainage management and roadway support are mandatory in steep slope areas that are common in McCreary County, particularly if shale units are encountered. Photo by Randy Paylor, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2274 Retaining walls are often needed for slope stability for construction in steeply sloping areas of McCreary County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2273 Coal has been central to the Martin County economy. From 1879 to 2004, 391 million tons were produced: 202 million from underground and 189 million from surface mining. Production declined from a high of 18.1 million tons in 1985 to 6.4 million tons in 2004. Surface mining has changed the face of Martin County. Post-mining land uses have included a federal prison, regional airport, and regional industrial park. Construction on reclaimed areas may require measures to prevent differential settlement of foundations. Aerial photos from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Administration, National Aerial Imagery Program, 2004.
2269 Deer and humans share the land in Martin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2266 From 1889 to 2004, Magoffin County produced 56.4 million tons of coal: 46.9 million tons from surface mining and 9.4 million tons from deep mining. Peak production was in 1981, 4.2 million tons. Production in 2004 was 851,299 tons from surface mines. Ongoing and previous mountaintop mining near Tiptop and Duco is seen in the aerial photo (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program, 2004).
2265 About 4,900 people, 35 percent of Magoffin County, rely on private domestic water supplies: 4,700 use wells and 200 use hauled water, cisterns, and other sources. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2263 Lizard basking in Magoffin County sunshine. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2262 Deer and man live together in Magoffin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2261 Lincoln County, an area of 336 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass and Eastern Pennyroyal Regions, was formed in 1780 as one of Kentucky's three original counties. Muldraugh Hill, which runs south of Crab Orchard, Stanford, and Hustonville, is the most conspicuous topographic feature. The highest elevation, 1,440 feet, is a knob near the Casey County line about 3 miles northwest of Moreland. The lowest elevation, 760 feet, is where the Dix River leaves the county. The county population in 2006 was 25,439, 8.9 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2260 The pace of life is slower in the Lincoln County countryside, out of the fast lane. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2259 Groundwater is the primary water source for most residents of Letcher County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geolgical Survey.
2256 Deer share the land with the human residents of Letcher County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2255 The city park behind the courthouse in Hyden is an excellent example of the use of floodprone land for recreational purposes. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2254 Deer share the land in Lee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2253 Geese on Yatesville Lake in Lawrence County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2252 The Hal Rogers and Cumberland Gap Parkways and I-75 provide major transportation arteries for local industry. Shale in the Pikeville Formation lines the road. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2251 A family of geese on an outing to Laurel River Lake for outdoor recreation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2250 Sinkholes dimple the karst landscape between Ky. 210 and Ky. 1607 north of Hodgenville in Larue County. Development in karst areas requires careful planning to prevent pollution of groundwater and drinking-water sources. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
2249 Deer greet the visitor to field and forest in Knox County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2247 The Barbourville Recreation Park offers a wave pool, lazy river pool, water slide, fishing, paddle boats, putt-putt golf, exercise and walking tracks, tennis courts, sports fields, playground, picnic shelters, RV hook-ups, a wedding chapel, and more! Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2246 A drought in eastern Kentucky leaves the Cumberland River, seen from the Ky. 225 bridge, with low-water riffles and bars. The river, together with Laurel Lake, provides water to Barbourville Water & Electric. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2245 Union College, a liberal arts United Methodist college with 600 undergraduate and 300 graduate students, was founded in Barbourville in 1879. It has 20 buildings on a 100-acre campus. The faculty-to-student ratio is 1:13. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2244 Knox County, 388 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1800. The area is generally mountainous. The highest elevation, 2,322 feet, is on a peak near the Knox-Bell County line about 2 miles southsouthwest of Kayjay. The difference in elevation between this peak and the valley of Brush Creek, 1 mile east, is more than 1,100 feet. The lowest elevation, 890 feet, is where Collins Fork leaves the county. The 2006 population of 31,973 was 0.6 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2243 Hollow fills are a vestige of mining operations on hilltops in the east. Coal has made a significant contribution to the local economy: 75.3 million tons, 25.5 million tons from surface mines and 34.5 million tons from underground mines, was produced from 1890�2004. Photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Aerial Imagery Program (2004).
2242 Photos from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administartion, National Agricultural Imagery Program, show Knott County as seen from the air in 2004.
2241 The South Fork of the Licking River, seen here winding through Cynthiana, has carved a wide alluvial valley in central Harrision County. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program.
2240 Butterfly on thistle on reclaimed mine site in Harlan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2239 Greensburg (left), the county seat, was designated in 2004 as a Preserve America community. Preserve America communities demonstrate that they are committed to preserving America�s heritage while ensuring a future filled with opportunities for learning and enjoyment. This designation provides strong incentives for continued preservation of the city�s cultural and natural heritage resources. Photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program.
2238 Limestone from the Fort Payne Formation is extracted for construction aggregate at this quarry south of Greensburg. Photo above by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2236 Flooding in a karst basin. Sinkhole swallets and solution channels are not large enough to carry off the water after a large storm. The problem is exacerbated by development. Often the only solution is to relocate the homes out of the karst floodplain. Photograph courtesy of Jim Rebmann, Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government.
2235 The Little Sandy River undercuts the Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation at this peaceful bend in Sandy Hook in Elliott County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2234 The lumber industry is contributes to the economy of Clinton County. Photo by Jeff Adams, Don Molden Multiple Services Inc.
2233 Development and agriculture in the Clay County, as in Oneida and surroundings shown here, are confined almost exclusively to the broad stream valleys. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
2232 The World Peace Bell in Newport, Campbell County, was cast in 1998 in Annecy, France, and at 33 tons is the largest swinging bell in the world. It was cast to honor the onset of the new millennium, and is rung on important occasions. It is 12 feet in diameter, made of 80 percent copper and 20 percent tin, and is in the key of A. It is a major tourist attraction in northern Kentucky. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2231 The county-owned 900-acre A. J. Jolly Park includes an 18-hole golf course, a 200-acre fishing lake, nine ball fields and four soccer fields, play equipment, campgrounds, a bird sanctuary, a handicapped accessible boat and fishing pier, and public and private picnic areas. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Agriculture Department, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
2230 An earthen levy was constructed around this low-lying row-crop field to hold back floodwater from the Green River in Butler County.
2229 Commercial parks and development are common in the flat land in the northern part of the Bullitt County and along the Interstate. Likewise, there has been considerable suburban residential growth in these areas because of the county�s proximity to Louisville. New developments require water sources, storm drainage, sewers, power lines, roads, and other infrastructure. Adequate sewage disposal is an important consideration in this county, because much of the bedrock and alluvium is unsuited for septic tank or cesspool methods of disposal. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2228 The Captain Anthony Meldahl Lock and Dam near Foster in Bracken County at mile 436.2 on the Ohio River is one link in the river transportation system operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2227 The wrinkled brow of a hillside stripped of trees in Bracken County. Waves of soil, loosened by cattle grazing, rainfall, freezing, and thawing, slide slowly downslope. Vertical furrows are incipient gulleys. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2226 The Catlettsburg-Boyd Optimist Club Community Park on Ky. 3 near Mavity in Boyd County is a good example of using floodplain areas for recreational purposes. This park is constructed on the floodplain of the East Fork of the Little Sandy River, in the background. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2225 Dredging sand and gravel from glacial outwash at Martin-Marietta Aggregates in Boone County. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2224 Front-end loader works in the glacial outwash at the Bellevue Sand and Gravel Inc. pit in Boone County. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2223 Lizard sunning on the conglomeritic sandstone member of the Lee Formation hogback on Pine Mountain in Bell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2222 Deer, Bell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2221 The 2,700-foot-long, 148-foot-high Cave Run Lake Dam was completed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1974. The lake provides flood control and recreation. The recreation pool is 8,270 acres and 48.1 miles long. Below the dam lies the Minor E. Clark Fish Hatchery, one of the largest state-owned, warm-water fish hatcheries in the country. Three to 4 million bass, muskelunge, and walleye fingerlings from the hatchery are released every year into Kentucky lakes, rivers, and suitable streams. Knobs are seen in the background. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2220 Highwall in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone at the Glasgow Quarry can be seen from a distance. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2219 Sinkholes and sinkhole ponds dimple the landscape�typical of karst limestone country east of Cave City in Barren County. Photo (2004) by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program.
2218 Anderson County, 203 square miles in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky, was formed in 1827. The terrain ranges from rolling Inner Bluegrass in the east to hilly Outer Bluegrass in the west. Elevations range from 469 feet where the Kentucky River leaves the county, to 940 feet along the ridge adjacent to Ky. 749, about 2.5 miles south of Fox Creek. The 2005 population of 20,199 was 5.7 percent larger than the 2000 population. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2217 The Kentucky River, seen here from the Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway bridge, forms the eastern border of Anderson County. It provides water for the Lawrenceburg Municipal Water and Sewer Department, which serves nearly 80 percent of the county's residents. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2216 Limestone members of the Lexington Limestone may contain strata mixed with shale, which is more erodable, as seen in this roadcut along the Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway near the Kentucky River. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2215 Silurian Louisville Limestone exposed along Ky. 100 near the Barren River in Allen County. View Location
on Geologic Map
2214 Aerial view (2004) of Gaddie Shamrock quarry in Adair County by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
2213 Limestone soils in Adair County support a strong agricultural economy, including specialty operations such as the tree farm below. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2212 Coal mining continues to be a vital part of the Webster County economy. Approximately 3 percent of Webster County has been strip mined and 25 percent of the county has been deep mined for coal. 337 million tons of coal were mined in the county from 1869 to 2004,87 percent from underground mines. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2211 The population of Webster County grew 1.2 percent between 1990 and 2000. New residential areas have recently become a growing land use in certain parts of the county. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2210 The topography of Webster County ranges from flat, narrow lowlands to very steep-sloped uplands. The elevation ranges from 340 to 630 feet above mean sea level. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2209 Walker Lake in Webster County. The county is blessed with an abundance of water. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2208 Approximately 190 chicken houses are in Webster County. Each house holds five to six flocks per year. One flock equals about 27,000 birds. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crop fields. Proper nutrient management is extremely important to ensure that local soil and water resources are not impaired. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2207 Along with row crop agriculture, harvesting hardwood trees for furniture and pulp is a sustained land use in Webster County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2206 Agriculture is a major part of the Webster County economy. In 2002, 72,528 acres (34 percent) of the 215,161 acres available were planted in corn, soybeans and tobacco. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2205 Coal mining continues to be a vital part of the Union County economy. This conveyor was constructed by Nashville Coal in the early 1950's. The belt was started on March 3, 1953, and carried 15 tons per minute for a half mile through Union County. Nearly 4.4 million tons of coal was taken from underground mines in 2004; 310 million tons of coal were mined from 1836 to 2004, 99 percent by underground mining.
2204 Farmers use groundwater to irrigate their crops in bottomlands along the Ohio River in Union County. The alluvium along the Ohio River is the best source of groundwater in the county. In the northern and western edges of the county, nearly all drilled wells less than 150 feet deep in the alluvium of the Ohio River valley are adequate for domestic use. Most wells yield more than 50 gallons per minute, and some yield as much as 1,000 gallons per minute. In over half of Union County most wells that penetrate sandstone formations less than 300 feet are adequate for a domestic supply. In the highlands of the southeastern part of the county, in the old Camp Breckinridge area, and in the Grundy Hill area southwest of Uniontown, only a few wells yield enough water for a domestic supply. In a thin, highly faulted zone running east-west across the county between the towns of Givens and The Rocks, yields to drilled wells are unpredictable because of the faulting. Generally, groundwater is hard to very hard, and iron and salt may be present in objectionable amounts. Often groundwater becomes saltier with depth. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2203 Oil well pump jacks are located throughout Union County. More than 1,300 producing oil wells have been completed, producing 85 million barrels of oil. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2202 The topography of Union County ranges from flat bottomlands along the Ohio River to rolling uplands with steep slopes. Generally, steep slope areas are not suitable for row crops, and are used for pasture. In 2003 there were approximately 18,000 head of cattle in Union County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2201 Cattle feeding shelters, like the one above located on Gough Farms, are being used by farmers in Union County to minimize manure concentrations on the land surface. These shelters help reduce nutrient contamination in surface water and groundwater. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2200 Agriculture is a major part of the Union County economy. Of the 218,343 acres in Union County, 128,000 (59 percent) were planted with either corn or soybeans in 2002. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2199 The Uniontown levee in Union County was constructed to hold back Ohio River floodwaters. An earthen levee also protects the city of Sturgis. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2198 Two developed industrial parks are in Trigg County, and one park is under construction. Eleven businesses are located on 230 acres. Photograph by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2197 The population of Trigg County grew 21.6 percent between 1990 and 2000, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Because of this growth, home construction is growing throughout the county. Photograph by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2196 Agriculture is a major land use in Trigg County. In 2002, 445 acres of burley tobacco (light green above) and 475 acres of dark fired tobacco (dark green above) were grown. Also, out of the 269,658 acres available in Trigg County, 36,700 (14 percent) were planted in corn and soybeans. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2195 Lake Barkley was formed when the Cumberland River was impounded in the early 1960's. Over 18,500 acres of the lake are in Trigg County. Lake Barkley is an excellent resource for boating, fishing, and other activities. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2194 Land Between the Lakes is an inland peninsula that was formed after the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers were impounded to create Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley. In 1963 the area was deemed a National Recreation Area. Approximately 68,800 of the Land Between the Lake's 170,000 acres are in Trigg County. Photograph by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2193 Todd County lies primarily within two physiographic regions. Northern Todd is in the hilly Clifty Region. Southern Todd is in the Western Pennyroyal Region. The boundary between these two regions is very abrupt, as seen above. The tree-covered hill represents the uplands region, and the gently rolling cornfield represents the karst plain region. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2192 There are approximately 30 chicken houses in Todd County; most are breeder houses. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crops. Proper nutrient management is extremely important to ensure that local soil and water resources are not impaired. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2191 With 22,000 head of cattle (total cattle and calves) and 40 dairies, pasture fields are a major land use in Todd County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2190 Agriculture is a major part of the Todd County economy. In 2002, 89,775 acres (37 percent) of the 241,280 acres available were planted in corn, soybeans, and tobacco. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2189 Localized flash flooding can occur throughout Todd County and should be considered during any type of land-use planning, such as home construction. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2188 Because of thin soil cover and hilly topography in certain areas of Todd County, rock excavation is required during road and other types of construction. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2187 Agriculture is important to Simpson County. In 2002, 71,121 acres (47 percent) of the 151,252 acres available were planted in corn, soybeans, and tobacco. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2186 Manufacturing is growing in Simpson County. In the Sanders Interstate Industrial Park there are currently three active businesses, with about 550 employees, and one under construction. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2185 The population of Simpson County grew 8 percent between 1990 and 2000. Residential areas are a growing land use in the county. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2184 The West Fork of Drakes Creek provides the drinking-water supply for the 16,000 residents of the city of Franklin in Simpson County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2183 The red Mountview silt loam pictured is a dominant soil type in Simpson County. Because of the high clay content, soil excavation during road and other types of construction may be necessary. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2181 Pilot Knob (background), with an elevation of 928 feet above mean sea level, is the highest point in Simpson County. Most of the county consists of broad, gently rolling plains. The elevation ranges from 590 to 928 feet above mean sea level. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2180 The D.B. Wilson plant in Ohio County is one of 22 coal-fired electric generating plants in Kentucky. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2179 A culturally significant location in Ohio County is the home place of Bill Monroe, "The Father of Bluegrass Music." The Monroe home place is on Jerusalem Ridge, just west of Rosine. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2178 Coal mining continues to be a vital part of the Ohio County economy. Extensive surface and underground mining has occurred in southern Ohio County. Since 1865, the county has produced over 270 million tons of coal, 185 million by surface mining. Oil and gas are valuable natural resources in northern Ohio County. The county has produced 50 million barrels of oil and 360 million cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2177 The Bluegrass Crossings Business Centre is a 1,100-acre multicounty industrial park in Ohio County. The park is supported by Daviess, Hancock, McLean, Muhlenberg, and Ohio Counties. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2176 Along with row-crop agriculture, harvesting hardwood trees for furniture and pulp is a sustained land use in Ohio County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2175 Cattle feeding shelters, like this one on Patton Farms, are being used by farmers in Ohio County to minimize manure concentrations on the land surface. These shelters help prevent nutrient contamination of surface water and groundwater. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2174 Ohio County has approximately 150 chicken houses. Each houses five to six flocks, about 27,000 birds each, per year. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crops. Proper nutrient management is extremely important to ensure that local soil and water resources are not impaired. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2173 Agriculture is a major part of the Ohio County economy. In 2002, 52,015 acres (14 percent) of the 381,382 acres available were planted in corn, soybeans, and tobacco. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2172 The fishing is good below the outlet spillway of Lake Malone in the Sandstone Hills Region of Muhlenberg County. The lake is surrounded by 50-foot Caseyville Formation sandstone bluffs and hardwood forests with hiking trails. View Location
on Geologic Map
2171 Residential homes are an important land use in Muhlenberg County. Siting of homes and infrastructure requires an understanding of soils and geology. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2170 Constructed in the late 1950�s, Lake Malone covers an area of approximately 825 acres in Muhlenberg, Logan, and Todd Counties. The lake was made possible by the local game and fishing clubs and is currently the only major water recreational site in the three-county area. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2169 A typical cypress swamp in the Cypress Creek drainage in Muhlenberg County. Cypress Creek is in the Green River�Southern Wabash Lowlands ecoregion, which is characterized by meandering, low-gradient streams and rivers with wide floodplains and soft substrates. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2168 Along with row crop agriculture and coal mining, harvesting hardwood trees for furniture and pulp is a sustained land use in Muhlenburg County. Photograph by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2167 Agriculture is a major part of the Muhlenberg County economy. There are 305,894 acres in the county, and 32,022 of those acres (10 percent) were planted with either corn, soybeans, or tobacco in 2002. Approximately 60 chicken houses (background) are in the county. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crops. Proper nutrient management is extremely important to ensure that local soil and water resources are not impaired. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2166 The Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Plant, located on the Green River in Muhlenberg County, is one of 22 coal-fired electric generating plants in Kentucky. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2165 Coal mining continues to be a vital part of the Muhlenberg County economy. Surface and underground mines in the county have produced over 750 million tons of coal since 1820. With nearly 1,000 wells, oil and gas production also provides an important resource to the county. The county has produced 21 million barrels of oil and 2.9 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2164 Agriculture is a major part of the McLean County economy. According to the Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service, 129,175 acres (79 percent) of the 164,045 acres available were planted in corn, soybeans and tobacco in 2002-03. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2163 Approximately 340 chicken houses are in McLean County. Each house holds five to six flocks per year. One flock equals about 27,000 birds. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crop fields. Proper nutrient management is extremely important to ensure that local soil and water resources are not impaired. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2162 The Perdue grain elevator and poultry feed mill located at Livermore in McLean County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2161 The Green River Lock and Dam No. 2 at Calhoun. The Green River is the major drinking-water supply for the residents of McLean County. Groundwater is also used by rural residents for drinking water. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2160 This wooden railroad bridge, located in Island, was constructed in 1872 and was relocated to the Island Wooden Bridge Park in 2001. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2159 The topography of McLean County ranges from flat broad lowlands to very steep-sloped uplands. The elevation ranges from approximately 370 to 610 feet above mean sea level. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2158 Along with row crop agriculture, harvesting hardwood trees for furniture and pulp is a sustained land use in McLean County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2157 Twin Rivers Inc. is a manufacturer of high-quality hardwood furniture. This facility is located in Livermore, McLean County, which is historically known for the manufacturing of hardwood furniture. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2156 This 12.5-mile floodwall was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers after the 1937 flood to prevent future flooding in Paducah. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2155 The 333 sign below the bank clock was below water during the 1937 flood. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2154 This photo of the 1937 flood in Paducah was taken before the Ohio River crested on February 2, 1937. Floodwaters covered more than 90 percent of the city, and flood damage exceeded $22 million. Photo courtesy of the William Clark Market House Museum.
2153 Groundwater is a valuable resource to residents, industry, and farmers in McCracken County. This 6.5-acre tomato farm uses groundwater for drip irrigation. Proper resource management and planning will be essential to preserving good groundwater quality in McCracken County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2151 Groundwater is a valuable resource to residents, industry, and farmers in McCracken County. Kight Pecan Orchard, the largest pecan orchard in the state (80 acres) uses groundwater for drip irrigation. Proper resource management and planning will be essential to preserving good groundwater quality in McCracken County. Photos by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2150 Ohio Valley Gravel and Sand Company quarry in McCracken County. This quarry is the most productive sand and gravel quarry in the eight-county Jackson Purchase Region. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2149 Metropolis Lake is a natural lake in the Wabash-Ohio Bottomlands Ecoregion along the Ohio River. Metropolis Lake is currently contaminated with PCB's and mercury, which demonstrates why industrial planning is necessary. Because of the large percentage of flat to gently sloping areas associated with the Ohio River, development, such as subdivisions, can cause flooding if proper drainage designs are not implemented as part of the planning and development process. Watersheds can also be impaired from improper sewage treatment and urban and industrial runoff. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2148 Parts of Marshall County are prone to flooding, as seen in this photo of a bridge crossing Cypress Creek, in the northern part of the county. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2147 Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge comprises over 7,000 acres and is the only National Wildlife Refuge solely located within the state of Kentucky. The refuge begins just southeast of Benton and extends nearly to Paducah, but the majority of the refuge is within Marshall County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2146 Many manufacturing companies have located in the Calvert City Industrial Complex because of the excellent transportation routes (Ohio and Tennessee Rivers and railroad and Interstate highway access) and the inexpensive hydroelectric power produced by Kentucky Dam. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2145 The 60-year-old Kentucky Lake Dam, constructed by the Tennessee Valley Authority on the Tennessee River, is 206 feet high and 8,422 feet long. Kentucky Lake provides flood protection to millions of acres on the lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Kentucky Dam also produces hydroelectric power, and has a generating capacity of 184,000 kilowatts. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2144 Sinkholes and soil erosion are two major issues to consider in land-use planning in Lyon County. Both are encountered at the Lee Jones Lyon County Recreational Park. The above baseball field is being moved because of the formation of a small sinkhole in the old infield (top right center). Also, soil erosion is occurring along rocked drainages (foreground). Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2143 Sinkholes are common in Lyon County. Generally, sinkholes begin as small depressions like the one pictured above, which is about 3 feet in diameter. While planting or harvesting at the Western Kentucky Correctional Complex, tractors often run over these depressions, which then collapse, causing the tractor to become stuck. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2142 Barnett Spring is a karst spring, which flows year around. Karst springs are common throughout Lyon County. In the eastern and northern two-thirds of Lyon County, more than three-quarters of the drilled wells in the uplands are adequate for a domestic supply. Yields as high as 50 gallons per minute have been reported from wells penetrating large solution channels. In the low-lying areas of Eddy Creek most wells are inadequate for domestic use unless the well intercepts a major solution opening in the limestone; in that case, the yield could be very large. Wells in the uplands of the Land Between the Lakes in the southwestern quarter of the county generally do not yield enough water for domestic use. In the lowlands adjacent to Kentucky and Barkley Lakes, however, three-fourths of the wells located within the bedrock yield enough for a domestic supply and can sometimes produce more than 5 gallons per minute. Springs with flows ranging from a few gallons per minute to 1,280 gallons per minute are found in the county. Minimum flow generally occurs in early fall, maximum flows in late winter. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2141 An example of the gently rolling topography in Lyon County, which is excellent for row crop agriculture. Other parts of Lyon County may have steep slopes with narrow valleys. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2140 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers bank stabilization project along the Cumberland River in Lyon and Livingston Counties. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2139 Kuttawa Marina is one of three marinas on Barkley Lake in Lyon County. The other two marinas are the Eddy Creek Marina and the Buzzard Rock Marina. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2138 Logan County is ranked as the number one producer of dark air-cured tobacco (dark green tobacco above) in Kentucky. Approximately 1,000 acres were harvested in 2003 in the county. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2137 Agriculture is a major part of the Logan County economy. In 2002, 112,200 acres (32 percent) of the 355,827 acres available were planted in corn and soybeans. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2136 With more than 900 milk cows, the Robey Dairy in Logan County is the largest dairy in Kentucky. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2135 Approaching 40,000 head of cattle and calves, Logan County ranks as one of the leaders in western Kentucky beef production. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2134 Logan County lies within two ecoregions. The northern part of the county is located in the Crawford�Mammoth Cave Uplands ecoregion and the southern part of the county is located in the Western Pennyroyal Karst Plain ecoregion. Both regions are dominated by karst features such as sinkholes and sinking streams. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2133 The Logan Aluminum Plant employs approximately 1,000 people, and is the largest manufacturing plant in Logan County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2132 Limestone is an abundant rock in Logan County. The Hanson Aggregate Quarry produces approximately 400,000 tons of crushed stone per year. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2131 Because of thin soil cover in certain areas of the county, rock excavation is required during road and other types of construction. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2130 Sinkholes are natural drainage points for groundwater and should never be used as trash dumps. This sinkhole on the Milam Farm in Logan County has been protected. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2129 Sinkholes are natural drainage points for groundwater and should never be used as trash dumps. One way to protect sinkholes is by using geosynthetic materials and rip-rap, which help to control further soil erosion. Pictured above is a sinkhole that has been protected on the T.L. Maddux Farm in Livingston County. This sinkhole protection was funded by the Kentucky Soil Erosion and Water Quality Cost Share Program through the Livingston County Conservation District. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2128 Sinkholes are common karst features throughout Livingston County. Sinkholes commonly form in row crop fields as small openings, 1 to 2 feet in diameter, as seen above. Without proper management, these sink- holes can form depressions that are tens of feet in diameter. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2127 The 40-year-old Barkley Dam in Livingston County, constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, provides flood protection along the Cumberland River and produces hydroelectric power. Barkley Dam has a generating capacity of 148 megawatts. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2126 As seen in this photo, low-lying areas along the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee Rivers in Livingston County are prone to flooding. During the 1997 flood, Ohio River floodwater was 3.5 feet deep in this house. Photo courtesy of Sheena Thomas-Brown, Livingston County 4-H/Youth Development Agent.
2125 Limestone springs, such as Gum Spring pictured above, are located throughout Livingston County. Most of these springs flow year around and are used as drinking-water sources. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2123 Limestone is an abundant rock in Livingston County. Currently, there are two active limestone quarries in Livingston County: Vulcan Materials Reed Quarry seen here and Martin Marietta Aggregates' Three Rivers Quarry. Combined, these companies employ approximately 350 people and produce approximately 13 million tons of crushed stone per year. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2122 Lake Pee Wee is a 420-acre-lake constructed in the early 1950�s to supply drinking water to the city of Madisonville. Currently, Lake Pee Wee provides drinking water to approximately 65 percent of Hopkins County. The lake holds 1.355 billon gallons of water and when necessary is recharged by pumping 9 million gallons of water per day from the Green River. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2121 Traditional agriculture is a major part of the Hopkins County economy. Of the 353,433 acres in Hopkins County, 61,062 were used to grow corn, soybeans, and tobacco in 2002. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2120 Poultry-litter storage buildings are used to assist farmers in meeting nutrient-management and water-quality guidelines set by the Kentucky Agriculture Water Quality Authority. Currently, approximately 150 chicken houses are in Hopkins County, and each poultry farm has at least one litter storage building. The above building is located on the Doug Brown Farm. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2119 The presence of clayey to silty soils allows water to stand in row-crop fields in Hopkins County. Fields are tiled in order to improve surface drainage in low-lying areas. Photo by George Kelley, Hopkins County Agriculture and Natural Resources agent.
2118 Peppers (nontraditional crop) are growing next to burley tobacco (a traditional crop) on the Brumfield Farm. Commercial vegetable growing on black plastic with irrigation is just one of the nontraditional agricultural practices that have increased over the last 5 years in Hopkins County. Traditional agriculture such as corn, soybeans, and tobacco is still a major part of the Hopkins County economy, however. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2117 Coal mining is a vital part of the Hopkins County economy. From 1866 to 2000, Hopkins County produced 782 million tons of coal: 475 from underground mines and 307 from surface mines. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2116 The Trover Foundation and Regional Medical Center is located in Madisonville and is the largest employer in Hopkins County. The Regional Medical Center serves 12 surrounding counties in western Kentucky. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2115 The Dotiki IV surface mine in Hopkins County, which is one of six surface mines owned by Dotiki in western Kentucky and southern Illinois. The facility was constructed in 2003, and mines the W. Kentucky No. 9 coal. In 2003, Dotiki Mines was the largest producer of coal in Kentucky and the largest non-longwall coal producer in the nation. Primary customers for coal produced at Dotiki are Seminole Electric, Tennessee Valley Authority, Louisville Gas & Electric, Western Kentucky Energy, Tampa Electric, and Henderson Municipal. Photo courtesy of Doug Blair.
2114 A typical cypress swamp located in the Obion Creek drainage. Most of Obion Creek drains the Loess Plains Ecoregion. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2113 Approximately 140 chicken houses are in Hickman County. Each house holds about 27,000 birds. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crop fields. Agriculture is a major part of the Hickman County economy. There are 156,871 acres in Hickman County, and 84,800 of them were planted in either corn or soybeans in 2002. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2112 A typical way to control gully erosion, which is very common in Hickman County, is to construct a grassed waterway with a rock chute outlet. Funding for this structure is provided by the CRP CP-21 program through the USDA Conservation Reserve Program. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2111 Landslides and slumps are associated with tall bluffs during strong earthquakes. The bluff pictured above is located just south of Columbus-Belmont State Park on Ky. 58 in Hickman County. The bluff is capped by approximately 30 feet of loess (windblown) material. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2110 City of Henderson on the Ohio River seen from the air in 2004. Aerial photo (2004) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program.
2109 The Western Kentucky Office of the Kentucky Geological Survey is located at 1401 Corporate Court, Henderson, KY 42420, tel. 270.8278.3414. Office hours are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.
2108 The Ohio River and the CSX railroad system are two major modes of transportation used by industry in Henderson County. This photo was taken just south of the boat ramp in downtown Henderson. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2107 The late afternoon sun creates a shadow CSX bridge across the river at Henderson. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program.
2106 Flat lowlands and rolling uplands are the two dominant physiographic features in Henderson County. This photo illustrates the physiographic changes that are common in Henderson County. Flat lowlands, on the right side of the photo, are associated with Ohio River flood deposits. The lowlands are used extensively for cropland. Because of seasonal flooding, land use on these lowlands may be restricted. Rolling uplands, on the left side of the photo, are associated with eroded loess deposits and are used for cropland, pastureland, and residential and commercial development. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2105 This pump jack is located in the Ohio River floodplain and is constructed on stilts to avoid flooding, which is common during the spring months. Approximately 3,000 producing oil and gas wells have been completed in Henderson County. The county has produced more that 111 million barrels of oil and 1.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2104 "Soil piping" is a term used to describe the removal of soil by subsurface water. When the soil is removed, small to large holes form, which may occur along linear paths, as seen in Henderson County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2103 Henderson County, an area of 440 square miles, was formed in the Western Coalfield Region in 1799. The lowest elevation in the county is at the normal pool of the Ohio River, 331 feet. The highest elevation, 588 feet, is in Wolf Hills, northeast of Henderson. The 2005 population of 45,470 was 5.6 percent greater than in 1990. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2102 This cypress swamp, located just north of the John James Audubon State Park, is an example of how varied the ecology is in Henderson County. The swamp lies within the Wabash-Ohio Bottomlands, which covers northern Henderson County along the Ohio River (Woods and others, 2002). Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2101 Pirtle Spring supplies much of the raw water for Hardin County Water District No. 1. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2100 A natural cave is exposed in the E-town Quarry north of White Mills, which mines limestone from the Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis Formations. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2099 Karst (sinkholes, underground streams, springs, and caves) is prevalent in Hardin County. This is an example of a cover-collapse sinkhole, where an opening to a sinkhole has developed when the soil plug to the sinkhole collapsed. It has been filled with rocks to allow drainage. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2098 Freeman Lake in Greenbelt Park (Elizabethtown) in Hardin County was formerly used as a water reservoir for the city. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2097 Hardin County is the home of Fort Knox, a major military training center and the home of the U.S. Treasury's Fort Knox Bullion Depository. The depository is constructed of granite, concrete, and steel and is not open to the public. It has safeguarded the Magna Carta, the British Crown Jewels, the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution since its construction in 1936. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2096 Naturally occurring petroleum can be found in some sandstone outcrops in Hardin County. These are called "tar sands" and occur in the Hardinsburg Sandstone. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2095 Much of Hardin County obtains water from several springs on the Nolin River and the headwaters of Rough River. This photograph shows the water intake equipment for Hardin County Water District No. 2 at White Mills Spring in southwestern Hardin County. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2094 Rockslides in shale units are relatively common in roadcuts along the Blue Grass Parkway in Hardin County, and result from freezing and thawing of ice in fractures in the rock. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2093 Logging has become a more common activity in Hardin County as woodlands mature. Logging can have a serious impact on water quality if best management practices are not followed. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2092 Approaching Hardin County from the east on the Blue Grass Parkway, the transition from the Mississippian Plateau physiographic region into the Knobs Region is very noticeable. Photo by Jack Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association.
2091 Gallatin County has 18 miles of Ohio River frontage. The river provides recreational opportunities for boating, skiing, and fishing. Photo by Warren Anderson, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2090 Sterling Ventures LLC produces aggregate from the Tyrone and Camp Nelson Limestones in this quarry in Gallatin County. Photo by Garland Dever, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2089 A spring flows beneath a home built on shale in Gallatin County. Photo by Warren Anderson, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2088 Home built on shale showing initial signs of slope failure--cracks in concrete, leaking basement, and slumping septic system installed on downslope front yard. Photo by Warren Anderson, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2087 Pavement failure along U.S. 42-127 east of Warsaw in Gallatin County. The road is built on shale, and requires continued maintenance. The Ohio River is below to the left. Photo by Warren Anderson, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2086 The 775 employees of Century Aluminum, just downriver from Hawesville off Ky. 271, can produce up to 244,000 metric tons of aluminum a year. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program.
2085 The stream erosion pictured here in Hancock County is a result of the 1997 flood that swept the area. Many corridors sustained damage and were costly to restore. Funding was provided by the Emergency Watershed Protection Fund through the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist in the restoration process. Photo courtesy of Rick Burbridge, Hancock County District Conservationist.
2084 Repairing the floodwall in Hawesville. The wall was breached by floodwaters of the Ohio River in 1997. Flat, low-lying areas associated with alluvium are subject to flooding. Photo courtesy of Diane Perkins, Hancock County Extension Agent for Agriculture and Natural Resources.
2083 The Bob Cummings Lincoln Trail Bridge is the only bridge crossing the Ohio River in Hancock County, making it a vital part of the county's economy. Photo courtesy of Rick Burbridge, Hancock County District Conservationist.
2082 The 1600-foot Cannelton Locks and Dam spans the Ohio River. Completed in the 1960's, the structure creates a 114-mile-long lake that stretches from Hancock County to Louisville. The lake is used for various recreational activities such as boating and picnicking. Photo courtesy of Rick Burbridge, Hancock County District Conservationist.
2081 Agriculture is a major land use in Hancock County: 19,197 acres (16 percent) of the 120,940 acres available were planted in corn, soybeans, and tobacco in 2002-2003. Photo courtesy of Diane Perkins, Hancock County Extension Agent for Agriculture and Natural Resources.
2080 The topography of Hancock County ranges from flat, broad lowlands to very steep-sloped uplands. The elevation ranges from about 380 feet above mean sea level at the river to about 830 feet in the uplands. Photo courtesy of Rick Burbridge, Hancock County District Conservationist.
2079 The well-drained soils in Graves County are conducive to the use of septic tanks with lateral lines. The unconsolidated sediment makes for easy excavation. In areas where the soils are not well-drained, unconventional methods to handle waste may be needed. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2078 Approximately 230 chicken houses are in Graves County. Each house holds about 27,000 birds. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crop fields. Agriculture is a major part of the Graves County economy. There are 356,224 acres of land in Graves County, and 124,200 of those acres were planted with either corn or soybeans in 2002. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2077 Currently, 61 catfish ponds are in Graves County. After harvesting, the fish are trucked to the processing plant, located at the Purchase Area Aquaculture Cooperative. The processing plant is currently running at 30 percent capacity. To get the plant to 80 percent capacity 1,000 more acres of ponds are needed. Photo courtesy of Roberta Bonk, Purchase Area Aquaculture Cooperative.
2076 The Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Company has been mining ball clay in Graves County since 1887 and is currently one of three ball clay mining companies in the county. Ball clay has a high percentage of aluminum, which makes it suitable for the production of toilets, sinks, floor tile, bathtubs, and fine dinnerware. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2075 Abundant groundwater is available for domestic, irrigation, and industrial uses in Fulton County, from depths of a few feet down to 1,500 feet. Yields in some of the deeper wells (250 to 1,500 feet) are greater than 1,000 gallons per minute, sufficient for a community or industrial supply. Water from alluvium is generally hard, to very hard, with moderate to high levels of dissolved solids. Water from the sand or gravel, non-alluvium aquifers are considered soft and slightly acidic, with low dissolved solids. Water quality generally is good, except in areas where downward percolation of surface water and fluids from domestic sewage-disposal systems and other sources of domestic or industrial pollution have contaminated the aquifer. Groundwater sometimes contains naturally occuring iron and manganese in objectionable amounts from the deeper zones. In some formations with slightly acidic groundwater, a chemical reaction between the acidic groundwater, steel well casing, and pump equipment will produce a high iron content in the water, which is not naturally occurring. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2073 Most of Fulton County consists of flat bottomlands and gently rolling uplands, with the exception of the Brownsville area, which mostly consists of steep slopes and narrow ridgetops. The Brownsville area is just southwest of Hickman. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2072 Approximately 40 chicken houses are in Fulton County. Each house holds about 27,000 birds. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crop fields. Agriculture is a major part of the Fulton County economy. There are 135,264 acres in Fulton County, and 82,300 of them were planted with either corn or soybeans in 2002. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2070 This reconstructed and protected bluff, located just north of Hickman in Fulton County, has been unstable since the city was founded in 1819. This bluff and possibly others in the area are highly susceptible to landslides during a strong earthquake. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2069 Much of Fulton County consists of flat bottomlands, which are subject to frequent flooding. Photo courtesy of Jerry McIntosh, U.S. Department of Agriculture--Natural Resource Conservation Service.
2068 Swans and ducks enjoy a farm pond at the Kentucky Horse Park. Photo by Jim Rebmann, Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government.
2067 Vulcan Materials Co. produces aggregate for the construction industry from the Camp Nelson Limestone at this mine on the corner of Manchester and S. Forbes in Lexington. Photo by Jim Rebmann, Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government, Division of Planning.
2066 In 1958, Lexington became the first U.S. city to establish an urban service boundary. Outside the boundary, intensive development is not allowed. The urban service boundary has expanded since its inception; 47,000 acres of farmland were lost between 1964 and 2002, most during 1992-2002. In 2007, a five-year moratorium on expansion of the urban services boundary was declared. Photo by Jim Rebmann, Lexington�Fayette Urban County Government, Division of Planning.
2065 A Home Depot and Super Wal-Mart would soon rest in the same spot where 18 famous race horses, dating back to 1898 Kentucky Derby winner Plaudit, now rest in peace on Hamburg Place Farm. The famed horse farm was to make way for 436,900 square feet of retail space and nearly 2,500 parking spots. Thus reported the Lexington Herald-Leader in 2004, one of many reports on the loss of the unique Bluegrass landscape of grassy horse farms, tobacco barns, and white fences to shopping malls and subdivisions chronicled by the newspaper since the 1960s. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2064 Farmland east of Lexington protected through the Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) program. The landowner sells the development rights in perpetuity for the difference between the agricultural use value and the future development value. The PDR program encourages rural preservation and planned growth by reserving large contiguous rural areas. The goal of the PDR program is to purchase 50,000 acres by the year 2020. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2063 An army of new residential homes advances on the horizon beyond horse farms off Ky. 1681 in Fayette County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2062 Preservation of the character of the land was a high priority in the design of the new 4-lane Paris Pike. This required a spacious green median and, in some cases, relocation and reconstruction of historic stone fences. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2061 Lexington is known as The Horse Capital of the World. The Kentucky Horse Park will host the 2010 Alltech F�d�ration Equestre Internationale World Equestrian Games, bringing $150 million to the community. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2060 Keeneland in Fayette County is world-renowned for its thoroughbred racing and sales. Photo by Jim Rebmann, Lexington�Fayette Urban County Government, Division of Planning.
2059 Annual burley tobacco production, once the backbone of Bluegrass farming, has dropped from 480 million pounds to less than 140 million pounds in recent years. Photo by Jim Rebmann, Lexington�Fayette Urban County Government, Division of Planning.
2058 There are 38 miles of historic stone fences in the public right-of-way along local roads in Fayette County. The fences were made from local limestone by Irish immigrants. A local ordinance protects these fences from destruction. Photo by Jim Rebmann, Lexington�Fayette Urban County Government, Division of Planning.
2057 Raven Run Creek. Raven Run is a unique, 470 acre nature sanctuary dedicated to preserving the natural beauty of the Kentucky River Palisades and early Kentucky history. Over 10 miles of hiking trails provide access to streams, meadows and woodlands characteristic of the area. Numerous 19th century remnants of early settlers, as well as over 600 species of plants, allow visitors to become acquainted with and appre- ciate the natural world. Raven Run also accommodates over 200 species of birds throughout the year. Photo by Jim Rebmann, Lexington�Fayette Urban County Government, Division of Planning. View Location
on Geologic Map
2056 Attempt to fill in a cover-collapse sinkhole in Fayette County. Photo courtesy of Leslie Russo.
2055 Sinkhole cover collapse in Fayette County. After perhaps years of slow settlement, soils over bedrock solution channels collapse rapidly and wash out, leaving sinkholes such as this. This phenomenon occurs throughout the Inner Bluegrass karst landscape. Photo courtesy of Jim Currens, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2054 Houchins Ferry is one of two ferries in Mammoth Cave National Park. Both ferries transport vehicles across the Green River, which is a major drinking- water source for Edmonson County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2053 Sinkholes are common features in karst areas of Edmonson County; they develop in limestone bedrock. A sinkhole is any depression in the surface of the ground from which rainfall is drained underground. Karst sinkholes form when a fracture or conduit in the limestone bedrock becomes enlarged. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2052 Mammoth Cave National Park, established in 1941, receives approximately 1.7 million visitors per year. The park is home to Mammoth Cave, which is the longest surveyed cave system in the world, with over 350 miles of passages. Approximately 45,713 acres of the park's 52,830 acres are located in Edmonson County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2051 This levee was constructed to control flooding along the Big Reedy Creek drainage in Edmonson County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2050 The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed the Nolin River Dam in 1959 to prevent flood damage along the Nolin and Green River drainages. The 166-ft-high dam created a 5,795-acre lake, which extends into Hart and Grayson Counties. Nolin Lake State Park, located just north of the dam, covers an area of 333 acres in Edmonson County. Not only is Nolin Lake a recreational area, but it's also a drinking-water source for Edmonson County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2049 Oil well "pump jacks" (foreground) and tanks (background) are a familiar site to residents of Edmonson County. Approximately 400 oil and gas wells have been completed in the county. The county has produced 660,000 barrels of oil and 547 million cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2048 Oil well pump jacks are located throughout Daviess County. Approximately 1,800 producing oil and gas wells have been completed in the county. From 1980 to 2007, they produced over 56 million barrels of oil and nearly 50 million cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2047 The Owensboro Riverport, on 425 acres adjacent to the Ohio River, began operations in June 1976. Currently, the Riverport handles nearly 1.5 million tons of product and cargo per year. Photo courtesy of the Owensboro Riverport.
2046 The population of Daviess County grew 5 percent between 1990 and 2000. Residential and commercial construction is a growing land use throughout the county. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2045 An estimated 600 to 700 acres of fresh market produce is grown annually in Daviess County. The West Kentucky Grower Co-Op works with local farmers to distribute the produce. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2044 Agriculture is a major part of the Daviess County economy. According to the Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service, 142,625 (54 percent) of the 296,000 acres available were planted in corn, soybeans, and tobacco in 2002-03. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2043 Because of the large percentage of flat to gently sloping areas associated with the Ohio and Green Rivers in Daviess County, development, such as subdivisions, can cause flooding if proper drainage designs are not implemented as part of the planning and development process. Watersheds can also be impaired from improper sewage treatment and urban and industrial runoff. Photograph by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2042 Farmers use groundwater to irrigate their crops planted in bottomlands along the Ohio and Green Rivers in Daviess County. The alluvium along the Ohio River is the best source of groundwater in the county. In northern Daviess County, nearly all drilled wells with depths less than 150 feet in the alluvium of the Ohio River Valley are adequate for domestic use; most wells yield more than 50 gallons per minute, and some wells yield as much as 750 gallons per minute. In most of central and southern Daviess County, most wells with depths less than 300 feet that penetrate sandstone are adequate for a domestic supply. In several small, localized areas in southern Daviess County, wells yield little or no water. Generally, groundwater is hard to very hard, and iron and salt may be present in objectionable amounts. In deep wells, groundwater is often too mineralized to use. Photograph by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2041 During the early to mid-1900�s, Crittenden County was the center of the fluorspar industry. The Ben E. Clement Mineral Museum in Marion houses the largest and finest collection of fluorite specimens in the world. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2040 The Conceptual Stone Quarry in Crittenden County mines approximately 4,000 tons of sandstone per year. The sandstone is used as dimensional stone for home construction, landscaping, etc. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2039 The topography of Crittenden County ranges from flat bottomlands along the Ohio River to rolling uplands with steep slopes. Generally, steep slope areas are not suitable for row crops and are used for pasture. In 2003, there were 19,700 head of cattle in the county. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2038 Most residents of Crittenden County have access to water lines. The Cumberland River is the primary drinking-water source. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2037 Lake George is the source of drinking water for the city of Marion's 3,500 residents in Crittenden County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2036 In order to maintain optimum production during drought conditions, Ohio River water is used for pivot irrigation of row crops in the valley in Crittenden County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2035 The Crittenden County Coal Company Tex No. 1 Mine is the only active coal mine in Crittenden County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2034 The population of Christian County grew 5 percent between 1990 and 2000. Conversion of land to residential use is growing throughout the county. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2033 Because of thin soil cover in certain areas of the county, rock excavation is required during road and other types of construction. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2032 Lake Blythe is one of several lakes used to supplement the North Fork of the Little River, which is the main drinking-water supply for Christian County. As seen above, lake level has dropped considerably because of drought conditions. Picture was taken on August 10, 2005. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2031 Limestone is an abundant rock in Christian County. One of several active quarries in the county, the Rogers Group Hopkinsville Aggregate Quarry, shown above, produces approximately 1.5 million tons of crushed stone per year. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2030 Agriculture is a major part of the Christian County economy. According to the 2002-2003 Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service, 136,577 acres (30 percent) of the 462,201 land acres available were planted in corn, soybeans, and tobacco. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2029 The new Burkley boat ramp will make the Mississippi River more accessible to residents of Carlisle County. Ramp construction is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Carlisle County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2028 MeadWestvaco has a fine-grade paper mill in Ballard County, which uses the bottomlands in Carlisle County to grow cottonwoods and sycamores for paper production. MeadWestvaco owns approximately 3,500 acres in Carlisle County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2027 About 40 chicken houses are in Carlisle County. Each house holds about 27,000 birds. Chicken litter associated with these operations is used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers on row crop fields. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2026 Agriculture is a major part of the Carlisle County economy. There are 122,112 acres in Carlisle County, and 49,300 of them were planted with either corn or soybeans in 2002. Photo courtesy of Jerry McIntosh, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2025 An abandoned hog lagoon is being pumped to utilize the nutrient-rich waste water on nearby row crop fields. To control runoff of the wastewater, the lagoon can only be pumped during certain times of the year. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2024 When building a road in Calloway County, rock excavation is generally not needed. Because of the large number of small streams and wetlands associated with those drainages, however, cut and fill techniques are required. Cut and fill techniques are used to remove soil unsuitable for road construction, such as saturated clays. The new Ky. 80 running through Calloway County is an example of how multiple bridges are used, as well as cut and fill methods. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2023 The City of Murray and parts of Calloway County use groundwater as their drinking-water source. The above municipal water well, one of five, is approximately 200 feet deep and pumps about 1,000 gallons of water per minute. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2022 Groundwater is used in pivot irrigation of traditional crops such as corn in Calloway County. Pivot irrigation is used to sustain crop growth during periods of drought. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2021 Groundwater is used for drip irrigation of nontraditional agricultural crops such as ornamental trees, cabbage, watermelons, and cantaloupes in Calloway County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2020 Surficial materials in Calloway County are unconsolidated and generally saturated with water, which can make these materials prone to collapse during excavation. Shallow excavation through these surficial materials is needed in order to construct water and sewage pipelines. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2019 Slow flowing streams such as the East Fork of the Clarks River are prevalent in the Loess Plains Ecoregion of Calloway County. Because of the large percentage of flat to gently sloping areas, developments such as subdivisions can cause flooding if proper drainage designs are not implemented. These streams are susceptible to impairment from improper sewage treatment and agricultural, urban, and industrial runoff contamination. Allowing natural vegetation to thrive along the stream bank is an excellent way to maintain good surface-water quality. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2018 Topography in Caldwell County ranges from flat river valleys to narrow ridges. The elevation ranges from 388 to 705 feet. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2017 The Black Oak Vineyard is one example of nontraditional agriculture in Caldwell County. Approximately 15 acres of vines are planted at this site. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2016 Residential areas are a significant land use in Caldwell County. Home construction requires appropriate planning. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2015 The 163-acre Princeton-Caldwell County Industrial Park is just one of many sites in the county that promote industrial growth. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2014 The settlement of Princeton was in large part due to the presence of Big Spring, which flows year round. In 1838, Big Spring was also a camping site used by the Cherokee Indian nation during the Trail of Tears. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2013 Limestone is an abundant rock in Caldwell County. The Rogers Group Princeton Quarry produces approximately 800,000 tons of crushed stone per year. Established in 1891, the quarry has been in operation for more than a century. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2012 An example of how water-retaining fill material destabilized part of the William H. Natcher Parkway in Butler County. Upon saturation, the original fill material, containing Pennsylvanian shales, became unstable and caused a landslide that created a large breach in the parkway. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2011 The Yukon Valley Minerals limestone quarry is the only active quarry in Butler County. Thirty feet of overburden is being removed to mine the Glen Dean Limestone, about 25 feet thick at this location. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2010 Ten percent of Butler County consists of reclaimed surface coal mine land. There are currently no active surface or deep coal mines in Butler County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2009 An earthen levy was constructed around this lowlying rowcrop field to hold back floodwater from the Green River in Butler County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2008 Lock No. 3 on the Green River during high flow. The Green River pool level is maintained by the dam at Lock No. 3. This pool is the primary source of drinking water for Butler County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2007 Sinkholes are common karst features in parts of Breckinridge County. Sinkholes commonly form under or adjacent to houses as small openings, 3 to 4 feet in diameter, as seen above. Without proper management, these sinkholes can form depressions that are tens of feet in diameter. Photograph by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2006 Agriculture is an important part of the Breckinridge County economy. According to the 2004-2005 Kentucky Agricultural Statistics Service 31,400 acres (8 percent) of the 374,720 land acres available were planted in corn, soybeans and tobacco. Photograph by Dan Kotter, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2005 Because of thin soil cover in certain areas of the county, rock excavation is required during road and other types of construction. An example is this roadcut into the Hardinsburg Sandstone on U.S. 60 just west of Hardinsburg in Breckinridge County. Photograph by Dan Kotter, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
2004 Breckinridge County, 572 square miles in the Western Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1800 and named after John Breckinridge (1760�1806), Kentucky Attorney General, U.S. Senator, and U.S. Attorney General. The present Breckinridge County courthouse, said to be completely fireproof, is the fourth; three earlier courthouses were destroyed by fire. The county population in 2005 was 19,300, 3.5 percent greater than in 2000. Photo by Dan Kotter, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2003 The topography of Breckingridge County ranges from flat broad valleys to steep sloped uplands. The eastern edge of the county is on the karst limestone plain that extends from the Ohio River generally south to the Tennessee line. Sinkholes, streamless valleys, and underground drainage systems characterize the area. A plateau west of the sinkhole plain is marked by a conspicuous escarpment that rises 200 to 250 feet above the plain. The plateau, which is generally higher in the east than in the west, is moderately to deeply dissected. Large flat-topped ridges are present in several parts of the county. These flat areas, developed on resistant rock formations, give these regions a tableland appearance. Locally, isolated hills or ridges rise 80 to 100 feet above the plateau surface. The greatest local relief is in the vicinity of the Ohio River. In the northeastern corner of the county, the difference in elevation from one hilltop to the Ohio River floodplain is 500 feet over a distance of about 3/4 mile. Locally, precipitous cliffs are present along some of the streams. Photo by Dan Kotter, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2002 Rough River Dam Resort Park, one of Kentucky�s many State Parks, accommodates a 5,000 acre lake located in both Breckinridge and Grayson Counties. The dam, completed in 1961, provides reduction of flood stages downstream and public recreation on the impounded Rough River Lake. Photograph by Dan Kotter, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2001 Steep slopes in the Knobs Region and in the eastern part of Nelson County are susceptible to sliding and slumping because they are composed of thick shales in the Borden Formation and New Albany Shale. Builders should avoid cutting into the toe (base) of hills or past slides in these areas, cutting vegetation from stable slopes, or directing water toward the heads of slopes. Bent trees on slopes, hummocky (bumpy) topography, and water seeps at the base of slopes are indicators of past or potential movement. Photo by John Kiefer, Kentucky Geological Survey.
2000 Lake Carnico, 120 acres, provides boating, fishing, swimming, and bird watching recreation in Nicholas County. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1999 The South Fork of the Kentucky River winds past Booneville in Owsley County through the alluvial valley. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1998 Slope stabilization following a landslide near Fishtrap Lake Dam in Pike County. View Location
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1997 Fishtrap Lake, with a surface area of 1,130 acres, provides for fishing and boating. The surrounding recreational area affords biking, hiking, and camping. Fishtrap Lake Dam, completed in1968, protects the valley of the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River from flooding. It is situated about 6 miles east of Pikeville near the small community of Millard, and is the highest dam in eastern Kentucky. Built of native rock on a clay waterproof core, the dam is 195 feet high and 1,000 feet long. The job required moving 5 million cubic yards of rock and earth. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manages the dam and lake, in conjunction with the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Photo courtesy of the Huntington District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
1996 The Pikeville Cut-Through, which began in 1973, was a 14-year engineering achievement second only to the Panama Canal. The channel is 1,300 feet wide, 3,700 feet long, and 523 feet deep. It reroutes the flow of the Levisa Fork away from the oxbow that encircles Pikeville and controls flooding. The 390 acres of flat land that were created have seen extensive development. 2004 photo shows the completed cutoff. Photo from U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1995 The Pikeville Cut-Through, which began in 1973, was a 14-year engineering achievement second only to the Panama Canal. The channel is 1,300 feet wide, 3,700 feet long, and 523 feet deep. It reroutes the flow of the Levisa Fork away from the oxbow that encircles Pikeville and controls flooding. The 390 acres of flat land that were created have seen extensive development. This 1974 photo shows conditions before the cut-through. Photo from U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1994 Slopes below benches cut in shales of the Borden Formation in Powell County often require reinforcement to maintain stability. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1993 Pavement failures on Ky. 613, cut into shale in the Borden Formation above the Red River in Powell County, are common. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1992 Casey County, 446 square miles in the Pennyroyal and Outer Bluegrass Regions, was formed in 1807. It is an area of broad valleys, steep hillsides, and numerous long, flat-topped ridges. The highest elevation, 1,789 feet, is near the Pulaski County line on Green River Knob. The lowest elevation, 710 feet, is where the Green River leaves the county. The 2005 population of 16,277 was 5.2 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1991 The Boyle Dolomite is seen in this roadcut on U.S. 127 in Casey County. Water seeps from the surface through cracks, dissolving the rock and creating underground flow paths for pollutants from the surface. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1990 Limestone, in addition to coal, contributes to the local economy in Morgan County. Cave Run Stone produces construction aggregate from the Newman Limestone at their quarry near Cave Run Lake off of Ky. 519. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Aerial Imagery Program. View Location
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1989 Limestone, in addition to coal, contributes to the Morgan County economy. Cave Run Stone produces construction aggregate from the Newman Limestone at their quarry near Cave Run Lake off of Ky. 519. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1988 Areas underlain by St. Louis Limestone in Monroe County have soils for a strong agriculture and provide attractive sites for homes. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1987 Metcalfe County, 291 square miles in the Mississippian Plateaus (Pennyroyal) Region, was formed in 1860. The highest point in the county, 1,182 feet, is on a ridge on Ky. 163 about 1/3 mile north of Ky. 90. The lowest elevation, 560 feet, is where the Little Barren River leaves the county. The 2006 population, 10,219, was 1.8 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1986 The rolling terrain of the Pikeville Formation in Menifee County provides pasture for small beef operations. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1985 Aerial view (2004) of the Menifee Stone quarry. Photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1984 The MeadWestvaco fine papers mill, located just south of Wickliffe, was constructed in 1970. MeadWestvaco is a major employer in Ballard County, and uses the surrounding river bottoms for tree farming. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1983 The Graves and Sons Dairy is one of three active dairies in Ballard County in 2003. During the 1960's and '70's there were approximately 100 active dairies in the county, but falling milk prices forced them to close. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1982 One of the many cypress swamps in the Ballard Wildlife Management Area, located in the westernmost part of the Wabash-Ohio Bottomlands Ecoregion. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1981 The confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. This picture was taken at Fort Defiance State Park, Ill., looking southeast toward the city of Wickliffe in Ballard County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1980 A typical way to control gully erosion, which is very common in Ballard County, is to construct a grassed waterway with a rock chute outlet. Funding for this structure is provided by the Environmental Quality Incentives Program through the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1979 Pictured above are the Ohio River, the Ky. 51 bridge in Ballard County (foreground), and the Illinois Central Railroad bridge (background). All three are major methods of transportation, and are vital to Ballard County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1978 In an attempt to control flooding within the Mayfield Creek watershed, the Mayfield Creek Dredged Ditch was constructed in the early 1950's. The project was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Carlisle, Ballard, Graves, and McCracken Fiscal Courts. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1977 Ponded water and slaking shales in the Hyden Formation along Ky. 1439 in Martin County indicate potential problems for construction. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1976 Rowan County, 281 square miles in the Eastern Coalfield, was formed in 1856. Most of the county is hilly to mountainous. The highest elevation, 1,435 feet, is Limestone Knob, about 3 miles south- west of Morehead. The lowest elevation, 625 feet, is where the Licking River leaves the county. The 2006 population was 22,221. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1974 High water mark from the March 1, 1997 flood seen in the interior of the Grange City Covered Bridge, Fleming County. The bridge crosses Fox Creek, a tributary of the nearby Licking River. Water mark is approximately 8 feet above floor of the bridge. See also image no. 1973 by Thomas Sparks, 2004. View Location
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1973 High water mark from the March 1, 1997 flood seen in the interior of the Grange City Covered Bridge, Fleming County. The bridge crosses Fox Creek, a tributary of the nearby Licking River. Water mark is approximately 8 feet above floor of the bridge. See also image no. 1974 by Mark Thompson, 2005. View Location
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1967
1960 The Grange City covered bridge over Fox Creek is one of several such bridges in the Fleming County, survivors from a time of slower pace. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1959 Panoramic view of Frankfort from the Frankfort Cemetery, 2005 View Location
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1958 Panoramic view of Frankfort from the Frankfort Cemetery. View Location
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1893 Alluvium provides soils and topography for agriculture in Spencer County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1892 The topography of the Grant Lake Limestone in the Outer Bluegrass of Spencer County is gently rolling. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1891 Alluvium and ancient lake deposits provide soils and terrain for nurseries and row crops in Spencer County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1890 The Calloway Creek Limestone provides soils for agriculture and attractive sites for homes in Spencer County. This farmland near Taylorsville was in the initial stages of being converted to a residential area in the summer of 2005. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1889 Limestone and dolomite of the Drakes Formation provides soils for agriculture and attractive sites for residential development. New residential construction off Ky. 44 near Crenshaw is indicative of the explosive growth of Spencer County, which has had a population increase of more than 70 percent between 1990 and 2000. A 26 percent increase from 2000 to 2004 was the highest in the state. Growth is especially noticeable in the eastern part of the county because of its proximity to the Louisville metropolitan area. The geology of Spencer County has moderate to severe limitations for onsite wastewater treatment systems. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1888 Floodplains, like this in Spencer County, are deposits of silt, sand, and gravel overlying bedrock. Although homes have been located in floodplains, agriculture and recreation are better land use choices for areas subject to flooding. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1887 Outlet Spillway, Taylorsville Lake, Spencer County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1886 Dam under construction at Taylorsville Lake in Spencer County. Photo courtesy of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. View Location
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1885 Taylorsville Lake Dam in Spencer County was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1982 to control flooding on the Salt River, provide recreational uses, and improve downstream water quality. It is estimated that the dam has prevented nearly $36 million in flood damage since its construction. Nearly 1,300 feet long and 167 feet above the streambed, the dam created a lake that covers approximately 3,000 acres and is more than 18 miles long. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1884 Riprap (limestone gravel) is used to protect the Taylorsville Lake shoreline in Spencer County from erosion near boat ramps. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1883 Taylorsville Lake State Park in Spencer County is a popular weekend destination because of its proximity to the Louisville metropolitan area. The park covers 1,200 acres in eastern Spencer County and offers fishing, boating, camping (RV and tent), hiking, horseback riding, and biking. A marina and several boat ramps offer access to the lake at different locations. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1882 The Grant Lake Limestone, which underlies much of Spencer County, is exposed along roadcuts around Taylorsville Lake. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1881 Steeply rolling, knobby topography is typical of upland areas underlain by shale and limestone in the Kope and Clays Ferry Formation in Owen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1880 Elk Creek Lake in Owen County is a private, residential community that provides boating and fishing recreation for its members. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1879 Concrete and steel repaired the roadway slump along Ky. 330 in Owen County. Shales in the Kope and Clays Ferry Formations tend to slump when wet, and providing adequate drainage for roads constructed on this rock may be difficult. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1878 Owen County, 352 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was formed in 1819. The elevation ranges from 425 to 1,000 feet. The 2000 population was 10,547, 30 people per square mile. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1877 Upland soils derived from Fairview Formation limestone in the Outer Bluegrass provide pasture for this miniature horse farm in Owen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1876 Pond construction adjacent to Ky. 227 on the interbedded limestone and shale of the Calloway Creek Formation. There are many ponds on the Calloway Creek in Owen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1875 The Kentucky River forms the western boundary of Owen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1874 Sinkholes in the Grier Limestone Member of the Lexington Formation in Owen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1873 The Grier Limestone Member of the Lexington Limestone is exposed along Cedar Creek in Owen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1870 The low winter pool along Rough River Lake reveals the Big Clifty Sandstone along the shore in Grayson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1869 The lumber industry is a common land-use feature of Wayne County. Photo by Jeff Adams, Don Molden Multiple Services Inc. View Location
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1868 Limestone from the Gilbert Member of the Ashlock Formation in the Springfield Quarry in Washington County is excavated for use as construction aggregate and agricultural lime. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1867 This pond on the St. Louis Limestone in Wayne County was a sinkhole on dry land in the early 1970's, but filled with water in a few days after the sinkhole became plugged with clayey soil. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1866 The Ohio River borders Trimble County on the west and north and provides inexpensive bulk transportation for power and manufacturing industries. Photo by Dan Carey Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1865 Weisenberger Mill in Scott County has been continuously operated by six generations of Weisenbergers since 1865 in Scott County. South Elkhorn Creek has provided power to the mill. The mill produces flours, corn meal, and a wide variety of specialty mixes. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1864 Nally and Gibson, Georgetown LLC, have been mining the Grier Limestone for aggregate at the Georgetown Quarry for over 50 years. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1863 The Nancy Oil Field in Pulaski County was developed in the mid- to late-1980's, primarily from the Knox Formation, at depths of around 1,900 feet. Many of these wells produced hundreds of barrels per day initially, but most (including Zimmerman No. 2 shown here) are now producing a few barrels per day on timers. Photo by Jeff Adams. View Location
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1862 Scott County Courthouse, Georgetown. E. Main and Broadway. In the National Register of Historic Places, 1972. Scott County, 285 square miles in the Inner Bluegrass Region, was established in 1792. The lowest point in the county, 690 feet, is where North Elkhorn Creek leaves the county. The highest point, 1,060 feet, is on a ridge on the Scott-Harrison County line at the head of the East Fork of Eagle Creek. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1861 Site of the new Cumberland River bridge on Ky. 90 in Pulaski County built on Mississippian Limestones. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1860 Excavation of large St. Louis Limestone blocks near the southwestern abutment construction site of the new Ky. 90 bridge over the Cumberland River near Bronston in Pulaski County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1859 John Sherman Cooper Power Plant is located on the Cumberland River near Burnside in Pulaski County. This plant uses over 600,000 tons of coal per year, with sources in eastern Kentucky and Tennessee. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1858 This highwall in a limestone quarry in Pulaski County shows the variability of rock types within a single formation (Slade Formation). Dolomite, limestone, and shale layers are visible. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1857 Carmeuse Lime produces 1.4 million tons per year of high-calcium lime Camp Nelson Limestone for power plant scrubbers and the steel industry from its 600-foot-deep slope mine in Pendleton County on the Ohio River. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1856 The Ohio River forms the northern boundary of Oldham County. Land use along the river includes recreation, farming, and residential areas. Development along the river is subject to floodplain construction requirements. Photo by Anthony Mount, University of Kentucky. View Location
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1855 Louisville Limestone parent material provides quality soil for pastures. Horse farms along U.S. 42 are rapidly being converted to residential areas. Row crops and grazing land are still found in western Oldham County. Photo by Anthony Mount, University of Kentucky. View Location
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1854 This roadcut along Ky. 524 near the Ohio River shows limestone and shale units in the lower part of the Drakes Formation in Oldham County. Photo by Anthony Mount, University of Kentucky. View Location
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1853 Waves of soil, loosened by cattle, rainfall, freezing, and thawing, slide slowly downslope on a hillside in Nicholas County on the Clays Ferry Formation stripped of trees. Vertical furrows are incipient gulleys. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1852 The J.C. Williams Wildlife Management Area is located in the floodplains of Beech Fork and Rolling Fork in the Knobs and Shale Region. Such areas are restricted from development. Wetlands in this and other areas are important because they moderate flooding, improve water quality, and provide habitat for wildlife. Including lakes and ponds, there are over 5,200 acres of wetlands in Nelson County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1851 Residential development on the Laurel Dolomite in Nelson County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1850 Population growth in Nelson County leads to residential construction, new roads, and water and sewer infrastructure. Depth and type of bedrock influence the cost of constructing water and sewer lines, road beds, basements and recreation facilities. This subdivision is built on the Grant Lake Limestone in the Outer Bluegrass. Increasingly, mixed land uses are juxtaposed, as in the case of this residential neighborhood next to a golf course, with industrial construction nearby. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1849 Agriculture is the dominant land use across much of the Nelson County. In the central part of the county in the Outer Bluegrass Region, gently rolling topography is characteristic of limestone bedrock, like this in the Grant Lake and Calloway Creek Limestones. In the Bluegrass Hills Region of far eastern Nelson County the bedrock contains more shale and the topography is hillier. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1848 Limestone and shale in the Mississippian Reelsville Limestone and Sample Sandstone in Meade County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1847 Madison County has two major townships� Richmond, the county seat and home of Eastern Kentucky University, and Berea, home of Berea College. The 2005 population of 72,408, was 25.9 percent greater than the population in 1990. Madison County was founded in 1798 and named after James Madison, the fourth president of the United States. Most of the county lies in the Outer Bluegrass Region, but the extreme southern area includes the outer edge of the Eastern Coalfield. The highest elevation in the county, 1,660 feet, is on Bear Mountain, 3 miles southeast of Berea. The lowest elevation, 530 feet, is at the confluence of the Kentucky River and Paint Lick Creek. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1846 Natural gas piplines (30-inch mains) are laid across a new subdivision in Kingston in Madison County. Rock excavation is often required in to the underlying dolomite and limestone in the Drakes Formation to sufficiently bury these pipelines. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1845 New construction in Richmond, Madison County, represents different land use characteristics than were there previously. Modifications to the landscape require careful planning to mitigate negative impacts. For example, less groundwater recharge and increased storm runoff occur because of increased pavement area. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1844 An earthen dam was constructed over the Ordovician Ashlock Formation limestones to contain Lake Reba in Richmond. Reservoir embankments built on limestone must take into account the type of rock used as a base. Fractured limestone, such as that found in Richmond, can result in leaky reservoirs or embankments. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1843 Chain-link fencing is used to prevent further rockfalls on a roadcut in Madison County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1842 Heavy equipment is used to clean up a rockfall between Richmond and Irvine on Ky. 52. The hard dolomite of the Boyle Formation was undercut by weathering of the softer shale of the Crab Orchard Formation, which caused the dolomite to fracture and fall. Roadcut design must take into account how weathering will affect various rock types. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1841 Boonesboro Quarry in Madison County mines the Camp Nelson Limestone along the Kentucky River. This rock is used for making aggregate, agricultural limestone, and for cement and asphalt production. Kentucky is one of the top 10 limestone producers in the country. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1840 Boonesboro Quarry mines the Camp Nelson Limestone along the Kentucky River in Madison County. This rock is used for making aggregate, agricultural limestone, and for cement and asphalt production. Kentucky is one of the top 10 limestone producers in the country. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1839 Shale and limestone in the 500-million-year-old (Ordovician-age) Fairview Formation exposed at this roadcut on I-75 is common as bedrock in Kenton County, and can cause problems for builders because the shales in the unit can swell when exposed to water. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1838 Residential and commercial development in Fayette County presses against Jessamine County and spills across the line along U.S. 68. 2004 photo (modified) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1837 1997 flood on the Ohio River at Louisville. Photo courtesy of Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1836 The Flood of 1997 in Louisville. Photo courtesy of Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1835 Hart County Stone has produced crushed stone and agricultural lime from the Ste. Genevieve Limestone in this quarry since 1940. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1834 The Green River divides the Hart County from east to west. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1833 Turtle in the road, Greenup County. Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina), native to the eastern United States and commonly referred to as the Common Box Turtle. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1832 Wild turkey, Greenup County. Eastern Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), a subspecies of Wild Turkey, is found predominantly in the Eastern United States. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1831 U.S. 23 Ohio River bridge, South Portsmouth, Greenup County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1830 Barge at Greenup. The Ohio River provides transportation for heavy industry and power plants. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1829 The 330-acre Williamstown Lake in Grant County serves as a water-supply reservoir, and provides fishing and boating recreation for residents and vacationers. 2004 aerial photo by the U.S. Agriculture Department, Farm Services Administration, National Aerial Imagery Program. View Location
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1828 The Epperson landfill, located on the shaley Kope Formation in Grant County, contains 1.9 million tons of nonhazardous solid waste and is permitted to accept another 3.9 million tons. A network of environmental protection systems includes a clay and synthethic liner, a leachate collection system, and a gas management system. This 2004 aerial photo was taken by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1827 The 330-acre Williamstown Lake in Grant County serves as a water-supply reservoir, and provides fishing and boating recreation for residents and vacationers. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1826 The E.W. Brown Generating Station in Mercer County as seen from a residential neighborhood in Garrard County. The station has three generations of electricity-producing processes: a hydroelectric plant (now used only after heavy rainfall raises water levels at Herrington Lake), fossil-fuel generating units burning 1.5 million tons of coal per year, and six new combustion turbines, fueled by natural gas or fuel oil. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1825 This sinkhole, located along Ky. 753 in northern Garrard County in the lower part of the Lexington Limestone, is typical of the karst topography of the area. Groundwater flow occurs in fractures in the limestone bedrock. Sinkholes should be carefully considered prior to any development in karst areas, which include sinking streams, caves, and springs. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1824 Herrington Lake covers nearly 3,500 acres in Garrard, Boyle, and Mercer Counties. The lake is a major recreational resource in Garrard County, and is surrounded by residential housing. The Camp Nelson Limestone is exposed along the shore. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1823 The Switzer Covered Bridge once carried SR KY 1262 across North Elkhorn Creek at Switzer in eastern Franklin County. It is a 120 foot long Howe truss design built in 1855 and restored in 1906 and again in 1990. On March 1, 1997 the bridge was washed away in a flood and was restored in 1998. Located approximately 0.1 miles east of SR 1689 (Switzer Road) on SR 1262. The bridge is on the north side of SR 1262 over North Elkhorn Creek. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1822 Kentucky State Capitol, Capitol Ave., Frankfort, Franklin County. Included in National Register of Historic Places, 1973. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1821 Low water on the Kentucky River at the Benson Creek riverwalk bridge in Franklin County. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1820 This constructed sinkhole on the Tanglewood Limestone at Hudson Hollow in Franklin County is adjacent to a natural sinkhole, and is used to control flooding during heavy rains. The underground system was built with two constructed swallets to redirect groundwater flow toward the Kentucky River. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1819 Floyd County is a completely dissected upland, with valleys and ridges occupying about equal amounts of land and elevation differences between ridgetops and valleys of as much as 900 feet. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1818 Groundwater seepage from sandstone. About 13,700 people (one in three)in Floyd County rely on private domestic water supplies: 12,600 use wells and 1,100 use hauled water, cisterns, and other sources. Some wells in the relatively thick, sandy alluvium along much of Levisa Fork produce 20 to 25 gallons per minute, which is more than adequate for domestic supplies. More than three-quarters of wells drilled in valley bottoms and almost three-quarters of the wells drilled on hillsides are adequate for domestic supplies. Only some wells on hilltops and ridges are adequate for domestic needs. Drilled wells more than 200 feet deep in valleys may yield enough water for small municipal or industrial supplies. Groundwater is generally moderately hard with noticeable amounts of iron. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1817 Coal train in Floyd County. Sandstone cut from the Pikeville Formation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1816 Kudzu bloom, September, Floyd County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1815 Grant Lake limestone and shale along Ky. 11 in Fleming County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1814 Grant Lake Limestone along Ky. 11 in Fleming County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1813 Marker at Ringo's Mill Covered Bridge in Fleming County, built in 1867, restored in 1984 by L.A. Thompson. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, 1976. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1812 The black shales of the Devonian Ohio Shale lie beneath sandstone and form the lower slopes of the Eastern Hills in Fleming County. These shales provide poor support and contain iron pyrite, which causes them to swell when wet and shrink when dry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1811 Shale oil from the black shale in the Devonian Ohio Shale formation in Fleming County may someday be economically viable. Note the vertical fissures. These shales provide poor support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1810 Cumberland County, 306 square miles in the Eastern Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1799. The lowest elevation, 505 feet, is where the Cumberland River leaves the county. The highest elevation, 1,126 feet, is on a ridge at the Tennessee border about 5/8 mile southeast of Ashlock. The 2006 population of 7,211 was 0.9 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1809 Butterflies, Clay County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1808 The thinly laminated New Albany Shale in Clark County makes a poor foundation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1807 Carter County, 411 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was established in 1838. Steep slopes are common in the county, and the elevation ranges from 542 feet where the Little Sandy River leaves the county, to 1,300 feet on a ridge about six-tenths of a mile north of Interstate 64 on the Rowan County line. The population in 2004, 27,459, was 2.1 percent more than in 2000. The cities of Olive Hill and Grayson, and the Rattlesnake Ridge Water District, provide public water to over 85 percent of the county households. The majority of those not on public water rely on private water wells. The cities of Grayson and Olive Hill also provide wastewater treatment services for 20 percent of county residents. The 1,500-acre Grayson Lake provides for water supply and recreation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1806 Coal barge on the Ohio River at Carrollton. Much of the industry along the river valley relies on transportation of raw materials by barge. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1805 Gypsum from Ghent plant scrubbers in Carroll County is processed and shipped to nearby BPB plant and used for manufacturing wallboard. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1804 Steep-sided hills with deeply incised drainages are common in Bullitt County. The shales and siltstones from which the hills are formed are susceptible to slumping and sliding, especially where clay shales occur in slopes. Clay shales can become plastic when wet and may yield or slump if construction or roads built on them are not adequately drained. Builders should avoid cutting into the toe (base) of hills or past slides. Bent trees on slopes and water seeps at the base of slopes may indicate past or potential movement. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1803 Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest was established in the 1930s in south-central Bullitt County. It has one of the largest collections of American hollies in North America. The park offers miles of hiking trails and numerous public programs. The new visitors center is constructed with a septic system that uses peat filters (green squares) to purify wastes. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1802 Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest was established in the 1930s in south-central Bullitt County. It has one of the largest collections of American hollies in North America. The park offers miles of hiking trails and numerous public programs. The new visitors center is constructed with a septic system that uses peat filters (green squares) to purify wastes. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1801 Shale is quarried in northern Bullitt County to make a lightweight aggregate for use in construction materials. The shale is the latest in a long history of natural resources that have been excavated in the county, including salt and pig iron (in the 1800s), limestone for aggregate, siltstone for dimension stone, and clay shales for bricks and tiles. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1800 Shale is quarried in northern Bullitt County to make a lightweight aggregate for use in construction materials. The shale is the latest in a long history of natural resources that have been excavated in the county, including salt and pig iron (in the 1800s), limestone for aggregate, siltstone for dimension stone, and clay shales for bricks and tiles. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1799 Riprap drainage control and erosion protection in Bullitt County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1798 Kentucky bourbon is produced at the Wild Turkey plant on the Kentucky River at Tyrone in Anderson County. Limestone waters are used to cook the corn and reportedly provide the distinctive Kentucky bourbon flavor. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1797 A new state-of-the-art wastewater treatment plant at Campton in Wolfe County treats 120,000 gallons per day and discharges clean water to a local stream. The old plant was situated next to a public water well owned by the city (now abandoned). Photos by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1796 Tilted strata of Sewanee and Warren Point Sandstone at the crest of Pine Mountain on Ky. 1595 in Whitley County. View Location
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1795 Erosion-resistant sandstones of the Rockcastle Conglomerate line the banks and form the cliffs below Cumberland Falls in Whitley County. The 60-foot-high, 125-foot-wide falls is known as the "Niagara of the South." View Location
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1794 Kudzu, an invasive species from East Asia, creates a leafy sculpture as it blankets a hillside in Rockcastle County. It can grow 12 inches in a day, or 60 feet in a season. The nonwoody parts are edible. Studies have shown that kudzu can reduce hangovers and alcohol cravings. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1793 Poor drainage and flooding in alluvial valleys may affect development activities in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1792 Pike County, Kentucky's largest county with an area of 788 square miles, was formed in 1822 in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. It was named after General Zebulon Pike (who discovered Pikes Peak). The highest point in the county, 3,149 feet, is on a peak 2 1/4 miles southwest of Ashcamp. The lowest elevation, 610 feet, is where Tug Fork leaves the county. The county population in 2005 was 66,804, 2.8 percent smaller than in 2000. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1791 New bridge construction in the Pikeville and Hyden Formations for the Ky. 119 road relocation project between Pikeville and Williamson by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. The project will cost $33 million. U.S. 23 has been upgraded to a four-lane highway and is a major north-south connector. Expanding U.S. highways in the county from two to four lanes will improve safety and enhance economic activity. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1790 Shale, siltstone, and limestone of the Fort Payne Formation can be seen along Ky. 100. Siltstone is present in the steep hills of the Cumberland River basin in eastern Monroe County. In the west, limestone and shale predominate in the unit and the terrain is less rugged. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1789 The 450-million-year-old thick-bedded limestone at the base of the Cumberland Formation can be seen along Ky. 100 near Meshack in Monroe County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1788 Alluvial valleys provide broad areas for agriculture. With nearly 60,000 head of cattle, Monroe County is one of the leading producers in the state. Annual agriculture revenue is nearly $35 million. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1787 The Cumberland River provides soul-cleansing beauty, fishing, and transportation. The last free 24-hour ferry in Kentucky operates at McMillians Landing near Otia in Monroe County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1786 The 400-million year old Devonian Chattanooga Shale along Ky. 100 in Monroe County contains enough organic matter to burn. It breaks down quickly when exposed, and may swell when wet and shrink when dry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1785 The exact source of the anomalous Brecciated Sandstone beneath the airport in Monroe County is still uncertain. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1784 The more rugged terrain of the Mississippian limestones produces timber for lumber and wood products industry in Monroe County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1783 The 113-acre Mill Creek Lake serves as a water supply reservoir and fishing hole in Monroe County. The adjacent recreation area offers picnic areas, sports facilities, and wooded areas for hiking. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1782 The Salt River bisects Mercer County from north to south. Shale and limestone are dominant to the west of the river; karstic limestones dominant to the east. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1781 Carveable limestone from the Renfro Member of the Borden Formation was excavated from these caves in Menifee County. A rare two weeks of subfreezing weather created the environment for the formation of stalagmite icicles. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1780 Shale in the Borden Formation is exposed along Shingle Block Road in Lincoln County. This shale provides a poor foundation, may swell when wet and shrink when dry, and erodes easily. The Borden Formation forms the slopes on Muldraugh Hill and is generally characterized by steep, tree-covered slopes except for a few ridgetops capped by erosion-resistant siltstone or limestone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1779 The 360-million year old New Albany Shale in Lincoln County provides rolling land for agriculture and home sites, but is unstable on slopes and requires drainage management. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1778 The 360-million year old New Albany Shale is exposed near Old Fall Lick Road in Lincoln County. The black shales are high in organic matter and are thought to be a potential source of oil. The shale provides rolling land for agriculture and home sites, but is unstable on slopes and requires drainage management. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1777 Mudstone, dolomite, and shale in the Preachersville Member of the Drakes Formation can be seen in this roadcut on U.S 150 in Lincoln County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1776 Nally & Hayden LLC extract over 500,000 tons of limestone per year from the Bardstown and Rowland Members of the Drakes Formation in this quarry and provide crushed stone and agricultural limestone to Marion County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1775 Limestones and dolomites of the 450-million-year-old Drakes Formation in northern Marion County provide soils and terrain for a strong agricultural economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1774 Rural residential development on the Mississippian New Albany Shale off Ky. 208 in Marion County. Nearby alluvial soil of Indian Lick Creek grows a healthy corn crop. Elevated levels of radon may be associated with the shale, and homes should be tested. Simple ventilation can lower levels. Drainage management may also be required. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1773 Sportsmans Lake, near the Lebanon city limits, is a public recreational area owned by the Commonwealth of Kentucky and operated by Marion County. The lake and surrounding area offer a clubhouse, a playground, and facilities for fishing, picnicking, and archery. Drinking water for Lebanon and Marion County is provided by the Rolling Fork River and the Fagan Branch Reservoir; 95 percent of the residents are on public water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1772 Laminated layers of siltstone in the Halls Gap Member of the Borden Formation are exposed at this roadcut on Ky. 208 south of Phillipsburg in Marion County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1771 A horizontal layer of the Harrodsburg Limestone lies above the siltstone, limestone, and shale of the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation at this roadcut on U.S. 68/Ky. 55 in Marion County near the Taylor County line provide a good illustration of these Mississippian (350 million years old) rocks. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1770 Gravel bars in the Rolling Fork River west of New Market in Marion County. The Rolling Fork provides water for agriculture and communities. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1769 Alluvium deposited by the Rolling Fork in Marion County provides fertile soils for row crops. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1768 The Knobs, which dominate the horizon in Marion County, consists of hundreds of isolated, steep-sloping, often cone-shaped hills. They were originally continuous with the Mississippian Plateau, but were separated from the plateau by stream erosion. Many of the knobs are still capped by erosionally resistant limestones or sandstones. The sharp slopes of the Knobs are mostly composed of shales of the 350-million-year-old Mississippian Borden Formation, which are more easily eroded than the overlying limestones and sandstones. The base of the Knobs commonly contains Devonian black shales. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1767 Marion County, 346 square miles, was established in 1834. The 2005 population was 18,754 (54 people per square mile), 10.4 percent larger than in 1990. The county includes parts of the Outer Bluegrass and Knobs Regions. The southern boundary of the county approximates the position of Muldraughs Hill, a regional escarpment. The highest point in the county is Putnam Knob, 1,260 feet, about 6 miles east of Lebanon. The lowest elevation, 475 feet, is where Hardin Creek leaves the northern tip of the county. The geographic center of Kentucky is in Marion County, just northwest of Lebanon. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1766 Roadbeds cut into shale often require additional support to reduce pavement failure, as seen in this section along Ky. 708 in Lee County in the Grundy Formation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1765 The porous Grier Limestone Member of the Lexington Limestone in Woodford County is laced with solution channels, cracks, and crevices. Contaminated water and septic effluent can travel quickly through underground openings and pollute surface and groundwater. Prior to the Civil War, limestone was obtained from many small quarries in the Inner Bluegrass Region, mostly in the Grier Limestone Member, and used principally to build stone walls. View Location
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1764 The Inner Bluegrass of Kentucky is the thoroughbred capital of the world. Farmland in Woodford and other counties in the region has come under increasing pressure from urban expansion. One of the efforts to preserve the land is the Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) program, which pays farm owners the difference between the agricultural value and the development value in return tor the owners ceding development rights in perpetuity. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1763 The Tyrone Limestone forms the bed of Griers Creek in Woodford County. Steep, fast-flowing ephemeral creeks to the Kentucky River quickly erode soft materials, leaving behind the erosion-resistant limestone. The Tyrone Limestone is quarried on the west side of the Kentucky River 1/2 mile northwest of Tyrone. The crushed rock is used for road metal and agricultural lime. In the past, rock from the Tyrone Limestone has been used for both building and monumental stone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1762 Abandoned limestone quarries, like this in the Tyrone Limestone, are scattered throughout Woodford County. Limestone was used to build roads, homes, and fences. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1761 Once the new by-pass in Woodford County was completed, residential development on the Lexington Limestones quickly followed. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1760 This 200-year-old structure in Woodford County on the Historic Register, built in 1807 using local limestone, is now the estate of a Kentucky eagle. Limestone homes were built to last. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1759 South Elkhorn Creek bounds the Woodford County on the northeast. It provided power for many early grain mills, and is still used by Weisenberger Mills. Maintaining the water quality of this semi-urban stream requires continued vigilance. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1758 Down many country lanes in the Inner Bluegrass, like this one in Woodford County, visitors can find oak trees older than the county overlooking historic stone fences built of local limestone by Irish immigrants. The fences are preserved through regulation in Historic Districts. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1757 Located at the Woodford County Park, Falling Springs is a state-of-the-art recreation center, complete with 3 court gymnasium, indoor pool, outdoor splash pool, therapy pool, fitness center, aerobics room, meeting rooms, and a 310 seat performing arts theater. The Woodford County Park is also home to 9 baseball and softball fields, 2 pavilions, a cross country course, and the Community Stadium (football/soccer). Bike paths provide access to the park for young and old. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1756 Woodford County Courthouse, Versailles. This is the fourth courthouse in the county. Previous building built 1812-13, burned in 1965. Current courthouse completed in 1970. Woodford County, 191 square miles in the Inner Bluegrass Region, was established in 1789 as the ninth Kentucky county.Elevation ranges from 1,000 feet on a ridge north of Dry Ridge Road, to 469 feet at the Kentucky River where it leaves the county in the north. The population in 2005 was 23,881. The population growth from 2000 to 2005 was 2.9 percent. Population growth in the county appears to be slowing: the average 5-year growth rate for the preceding 40 years was 8.7 percent, or 3 times higher than that of 2000-2005. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1755 The Lexington Limestone provides fertile soils for agriculture and desirable sites for residential development in Woodford County. Residential development in karst areas like the Inner Bluegrass must provide for adequate wastewater treatment systems to prevent pollution to groundwater and other water sources. Careful planning can preserve and enhance the value of the land and minimize conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1754 Terrain of the lower part of the Lexington Limestone in Woodford County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1753 The valley remains, but the river is gone. High-level deposits of silt, clay, sand, and gravel along Mundys Landing Road in southern Woodford County are remnants of the ancient Kentucky River that flowed through the Inner Bluegrass 5 million years ago. At that time, the land was uplifted, diverting the river to its current course. There are a number of these old valleys in the uplands along the Kentucky River. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1752 Karst topography is common in Wayne County, and is seen in this area of residential construction on the St. Louis Limestone. Weathered limestone must be excavated to build houses, and sinkholes in this neighborhood have been filled with the excavated material. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1751 Although located primarily in the Eastern Pennyroyal, Wayne County also has foothills of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, as seen in this photo. Land- use practices differ significantly in the more mountainous parts of the county. View looking south. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1750 This sinkhole in the St. Louis Limestone near the new courthouse in Monticello in Wayne County has been neglected. Sinkholes can be a source of contamination to local aquifers, and should also be carefully considered before building in the area. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1749 A small cave in the St. Louis Limestone is located in Monticello in Wsyne County across from the new courthouse. This cave was apparently used by the public in the past, and included a rock staircase and reflection pool nearby. It is now in a state of disrepair and marred by litter. Caves like this one are very susceptible to contamination from storm sewers, and are likely to be connected to the local aquifer. Photograph by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1748 Cover-collapse sinkholes such as this one in the St. Louis Limestone in Wayne County may appear overnight when the soil plug at their base collapses into a fracture or cave in the underlying limestone. These are direct conduits to the local aquifer, and as such are susceptible to contamination by garbage dumping and accidental spills. They are also hazards to public safety. Photograph by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1747 A National Historic Site, Mill Springs in Wayne County is the location of one of the first important battles of the Civil War in 1862. It is named after 13 springs that feed a creek which powers the gristmill, constructed in 1839. The mill is still in operation, and is considered one of the largest in the world. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1746 This well-house in Wayne County is situated near a pond that is probably a "sinkhole pond", meaning that it is connected to the Ste. Genevieve Limestone aquifer by fractures in the bedrock, but is currently plugged with soil. Cattle feedlots or pastures near this well or pond can cause increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Photograph by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1745 The majority of Wayne County's land use is agricultural, exemplified by this soybean crop. Best management practices are recommended to ensure that pesticide and fertilizer applications do not pose problems to the groundwater supply. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1744 Springfield Quarry in the Ashlock Formation and Springfield Reservoir in Washington County seen from the air. Aerial photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1743 Soils and terrain created by the dolomite of the Saluda Member of the Drakes Formation in Washington County are, for the most part, favorable for agriculture. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1742 Lincoln Homestead State Park in Washington County features the original home of Lincoln�s mother, as well as replicas of the 1782 cabin and blacksmith shop where his father grew up and learned his trade. The park includes an 18-hole golf course. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1741 Limestone in the Ashlock Formation in Washington County provides rich soils for agriculture, attractive sites for rural residential construction, habitat for wildlife, and industrial sites. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests and accommodate the needs of all. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1740 Limestone in the Ashlock Formation in Washington County provides rich soils for agriculture, attractive sites for rural residential construction, habitat for wildlife, and industrial sites. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests and accommodate the needs of all. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1739 The limestone and shale in the lower member of the Grant Lake Limestone in Washington County, has thicker limestone layers with slightly different characteristics than the upper layer. These variations illustrate that excavation requirements may vary from site to site within the same rock unit. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1738 Willisburg Lake in Washington County offers 160 acres of boating and fishing�bass, crappie, bluegill, and catfish. It is also a source of water for the Springfield Water and Sewer Commission. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1737 Thin, interbedded layers of limestone and shale in the upper part of the Grant Lake Limestone are exposed in this roadcut on Ky. 555 in north Springfield, Washington County. The limestone and shale in the lower member of the Grant Lake Limestone has thicker limestone layers with slightly different characteristics. These variations illustrate that excavation requirements may vary from site to site within the same rock unit. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1736 Washington County, 301 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was formed in 1792 as the 10th Kentucky county and named after President George Washington. The courthouse, the oldest still in use in Kentucky, was completed in 1816 and contains the marriage certificate of Abraham Lincoln's parents. The terrain of the county ranges from rugged to rolling. The highest elevation, 1,020 feet, is on a ridge south of U.S. 150 near the southeastern corner of the county. The lowest elevation, 475 feet, is at the confluence of Brush Fork and Hardins Creek. The 2005 population of 11,491 was 5.3 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1735 Shale and limestone of the Clays Ferry Formation are exposed at this roadcut on Ky. 53 in Washington County. The shale breaks down quickly when exposed to air and water, leaving no support for the limestone. Cedar trees quickly reclaim an exposure. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1734 The Springfield Reservoir is one of several sources of water for the public water system in Washington County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1733 Limestone in the Ashlock Formation in Washington County provides rich soils for agriculture, attractive sites for rural residential construction, habitat for wildlife, and industrial sites. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests and accommodate the needs of all. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1732 Soils and terrain of the dolomite in the Saluda Member of the Drakes Formation in Washington County are, for the most part, favorable for agriculture. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1731 Washington County is blessed with an abundance of water. Cartwright Creek is one of many large streams in the county. Maintaining water quality is important for the human population and the fish and fowl that rely on the streams. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1730 Limestone in the Ashlock Formation in Washington County in the Outer Bluegrass provides rich soils for agriculture, attractive sites for rural residential construction, habitat for wildlife, and industrial sites. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests and accomodate the needs of all. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1729 The Mt. Zion Covered Bridge (also known as the Mooresville Covered Bridge), circa 1871, at 102 feet is the longest multi-span in Kentucky and is on the National Register of Historic Places, 1976. Closed to traffic. Located on Ky. 458, 2.2 miles north of junction with Ky. 55, the bridge spans the Little Beech Fork River in Washington County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1728 Cedar trees quickly reclaim a cleared hillside on the Clays Ferry Formation in Washington County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1727 As the shale content in the underlying rock increases, the terrain becomes more rugged. The hills of the Clays Ferry Formation in Washington County support small beef operations. Small ponds are common. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1726 Rural residential development in southern Trimble County on limestones of the Bull Fork and Drakes Formation. Note sinkholes in foreground. Construction in karst areas must consider potential sinkhole drainage and collapse problems. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1725 Trimble County, nearly 149 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was established in 1837. It rises from 420 feet at the Ohio River to 970 feet in the uplands. The population in 2000 was 8,125, or about 55 people per square mile. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1724 Louisville Gas & Electric operates this 566 megawatt coal-fired power plant along the Ohio River just north of Wises Landing in southeastern Trimble County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1723 In wetlands along the Ohio River in Trimble County, wildlife lives in harmony with industry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1722 Republic Services Inc.'s Valley View landfill in southern Trimble County has been in operation since 1986 and is scheduled for closure in 2030. It currently contains about 4.7 million tons of nonhazardous municipal waste. This imagery was taken in 2004 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1721 Soil underlain by the 420-million-year-old Louisville Limestone provide the foundation for an agricultural economy in Trimble County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1720 Public water wells in the Ohio River alluvium in Trimble County. This aquifer can meet water needs for communities, industry, and power generation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1719 Guist Creek Lake and Marina on Ky. 1667 in Shelby County. This park, managed by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife, is a popular recreational attraction. Lake Shelby, a smaller lake near Shelbyville, also offers fishing and recreation. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1718 Shelby County has six water districts, and all major cities and towns are served by public water. Guist Creek Lake reservoir is a public water supply for the Shelbyville water system, which is why the drainage area around the lake is a source-water protection area. The water treatment plant (shown here at the dam) can treat 6 million gallons per day. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1717 This sinkhole in the Grant Lake Limestone is typical of those in Shelby County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1716 Pastoral view looking east along Todds Point Road south of Simpsonville in Shelby County. Land use remains primarily agricultural, although residential and commercial construction is increasing. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1715 A new subdivision being constructed on the Grant Lake Limestone near Simpsonville in Shelby County. The area is within the Louisville metropolitan area, and the areas closest to Louisville are being rapidly developed for both residential and industrial land use. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1714 Shelby County's comprehensive plan notes that upland areas are well suited for grain production, whereas deep, well-drained soils are better for tobacco and alfalfa. This photo of land over the Calloway Creek Limestone was taken near the intersection of Ky. 144 and Ky. 148. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1713 Shelby County is the self-proclaimed Saddlebred Capitol of the World, and the gently rolling hills in the eastern and northern parts of the county, underlain by the Grant Lake Limestone and Drakes Formation limestones, contain numerous horse farms. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1712 Areas underlain by the shales and limestones of Clays Ferry Formation in Scott County are characterized by a topography of rolling hills. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1711 Deer graze at this quiet bend on North Elkhorn Creek in Scott County. Proper management of on-site wastewater treatment systems is essential to prevent pollution of valuable water resources. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1710 Victoria Estates, a private lakeside community, is one of several lakeside developments of several hundred homes in the county. Lots are one acre or larger. Proper management of private wastewater treatment systems is essential to maintain water quality, particularly in the karst areas of southern Scott County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1709 Turtles sunbathe at this quiet bend on North Elkhorn Creek in Scott County. Proper management of on-site wastewater treatment systems is essential to prevent pollution of valuable water resources. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1708 Royal Spring has provided drinking water to Scott County residents for over 225 years. The groundwater basin for the spring extends into northern Fayette County, and is susceptible to contamination from development, agriculture, and transportation on I-75. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1707 A large sinkhole in the St. Louis Limestone along Ky. 27 near Somerset, approximately 50 feet in diameter. Sinkholes found near any construction project, whether industrial or residential, must be carefully considered and require special management. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1706 The population of Scott County increased 63 percent in 15 years, from 23,900 in 1990 to 39,000 in 2005, resulting in a significant increase in residential construction. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1705 Typical karst geology indicated by highly weathered Ste. Genevieve Limestone at the soil-bedrock interface on the new Somerset bypass near the intersection of Ky. 80 in Pulaski County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1704 Keno Bridge, near the southern tip of Pulaski County on Ky. 751, spans a railroad cut of Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation sandstones and shales. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1703 One of several entrances to Sloans Valley Cave in southern Pulaski County, this in the Kidder Limestone Member of the Monteagle Formation. There are many caves in Pulaski County, which are part of a complex underground drainage system typical of well-developed karst geology. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1702 Short Creek near Stab in Pulaski County. This is one of the best examples of a karst window in Kentucky, where a section of an underground river is exposed at the surface. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1701 A large inactive landfill near Sloans Valley in southern Pulaski County. Locating landfills in a karst setting (sinkholes, springs, caves, and underground streams) requires careful planning. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1700 Steeply rolling knobby hills and cedar trees characterize areas in Pendleton County underlain by the shale and limestone rocks in the Kope Formation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1699 Geese enjoying a mid-winter swim in the Licking River just upstream of the Ky. 177 bridge at Butler in Pendleton County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1698 Rural residential development on high-level terrace deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel laid down in the Bluegrass Hills Region of southern Pendleton County by an ancient stream. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1697 Falmouth, the Pendleton County seat, lies in the broad Licking River Valley alluvium. Pendleton County, with an area of 281 square miles, was established in 1798 in the Outer Bluegrass Region. The population in 2004 was 15,134. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1696 Rumpke Industries accepts 1,000 to 1,200 tons per day of municipal solid waste at its permitted 48-acre site off Ky. 1853 in Pendleton County. Additional acreage at the site is available for future expansion. Griffin Industries operates a processing facility on the adjacent property that converts used cooking oil and meat-processing byproducts into chicken feed and bio-diesel fuel. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1695 New subdivision construction on the Glacial Outwash sediments near the Ohio River along Ky. 322 is indicative of the tremendous population growth in Oldham County. Farmland and pasture land is rapidly succumbing to residential development. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1694 An abandoned landfill in Oldham County underlain by shales in the Osgood Formation that has been reclaimed as grassland. Numerous monitoring wells are located on the landfill to check groundwater for contamination. A larger population requires more land for waste disposal and water treatment. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1693 Yards in this upscale subdivision in Oldham County on the Ohio River alluvium and Glacial Outwash sediments are being threatened by erosion. Stone riprap groins have been added to slow the process. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1692 A new pond being constructed in a residential area in Oldham County on limestones in the Drakes Formation. Pond construction in karstic geologic areas (caves, sinkholes, and springs) can often be problematic because of leaky soils and fractured bedrock. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1691 Power transmission lines at the northern tip of Oldham County in the rugged topography above the Ohio River. These lines transmit power across the river into Indiana. Power companies control the right-of-way for the lines, which must be considered for land-use planning in the area. The steep topography places limitations on road construction and residential, commercial, and industrial development in this area. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1690 Limestone quarries in Oldham County provide aggregate for road construction and other uses. Ironically, population growth requires more aggregate, but few people like to live next to a quarry. This abandoned quarry in the Laurel Dolomite has been converted to recreational use. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1689 A growing population requires additional infrastructure, services, and schools. Geology plays an important role in the placement, construction, and design of new facilities such as these on the Sellersburg and Jeffersonville Limestones in Oldham County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1688 New construction in Oldham County increases impervious areas and stormwater runoff. This large retention basin and associated drains will help prevent downstream flooding. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1687 Soils exposed during construction are subject to high rates of erosion. The retention basin and pond in the background will trap sediment and prevent downstream water-quality degradation. Development in Oldham County is especially prominent along the main east-west connectors to Jefferson County to the west. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1686 The shaly limestone in the Clays Ferry Formation is exposed in this roadcut along U.S. 68 in Nicholas County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1685 The Nicholas County, Harrison County, Sharpsburg, and Western Fleming Water Districts, and Carlisle Water Department provide water to nearly 90 percent of county residents. Residents of Carlisle have public sewer service. Photo of the Carlisle reservoir and treatment facility by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1684 Nicholas County Courthouse, Carlisle. Nicholas County, 197 square miles in the Bluegrass Region, was established in 1800. Elevation ranges from 565 feet where the Licking River leaves the county, to 1,060 feet about 3.5 miles northwest of Moorefield. The 2004 population of 7,076 was 3.9 percent higher than in 2000. The Clay Wildlife Management Area, 5,790 acres of steep to rolling woodlands in Nicholas and Fleming Counties, provides hiking, fishing, and wildlife observation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1683 Lexington Limestone soils support horse and cattle operations and some row crop agriculture in Nicholas County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1682 Fairview Formation limestone soils cap the ridges in southern Nicholas County, supporting an agricultural economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1681 Looking west down the bottomland underlain by clay, silt, sand, and gravel near Pleasant Valley in Nicholas County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1680 Areas underlain by the shale and limestone of the Kope and Clays Ferry Formations are characterized in Nicholas County by steeply rolling hills. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1679 Our Lady of Gethsemani Abbey in the southern part of Nelson County. The abbey is located along Monks Creek. The monastery has its own water treatment plant. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1678 Broad floodplains are common in the Knobs and Shale Region along Rolling Fork and in the western part of Nelson County. These valleys are underlain by alluvium, which is unconsolidated sand and gravel, and those planning any construction here must carefully consider possible future flooding. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1677 Wetlands are important because they moderate flooding, improve water quality, and provide habitat for wildlife. Including lakes and ponds, there are over 5,200 acres of wetlands in Nelson County. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1676 The New Albany Shale is generally impermeable, and areas in Nelson County where it forms the bedrock are generally be favorable for ponds. In areas underlain by limestone, successful pond construction must prevent water from seeping through structured soils into limestone solution channels below. A compacted clay liner, or artificial liner, may prevent pond failure. Getting the basin filled with water as soon as possible after construction prevents drying and cracking, and possible leakage, of the clayey soil liner. Ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed in wet weather. The U.S. Department of Agriculture--Natural Resources Conservation Service can provide guidance on leak prevention measures. Ponds with dam heights exceeding 25 feet, or pond volumes exceeding 50 acre-feet, require permits. Contact the Kentucky Division of Water. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1675 Part of Bernheim Forest (previously Knobs State Park) is located in the Knobs Region of western Nelson County. The knobs are steep- sided hills formed where resistant siltstones in the Borden Formation cap the more easily eroded New Albany Shale. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1674 The Nelson County solid-waste disposal center built over impermeable New Albany Shale. Locations for landfills must be carefully considered to avoid contamination of local groundwater aquifers. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1673 Water treatment facility and impoundment reservoir west of Bardstown. The growing population in Nelson County requires water for many uses. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1672 Since the late 1700�s, Nelson County has been home to at least 37 distilleries, which is why Bardstown is known as the Bourbon Capital of the World. Good farmland for growing grain and �sweet� groundwater from limestone springs or man-made impoundments are important for distilling bourbon. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1671 Federal Hill, My Old Kentucky Home, Bardstown. Inspiration for the state song of Kentucky by Stephen Collins Foster in 1853. In the National Register of Historic Places, 1971. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1670 Sinkholes are common in the Bardstown area along the margins of relatively flat uplands formed in thin New Albany Shale but underlain by Beechwood and Sellersburg Limestone. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1669 The Laurel Dolomite has been quarried in several parts of the Nelson County for road metal (base), asphalt filler, aggregate, and concrete. Dolomite was used as a building stone for many stepping stones, foundations, walls, and historic homes in the county. Siltstone from the Borden Formation (�creekrock�) has been used for stepping stones, foundations, and facing stones on buildings and homes. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1668 Areas underlain by the Grant Lake Limestone provide soils for agriculture and attractive sites for development. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1667 This abandoned quarry in the Grant Lake Limestone east of Stoops near Ky. 537 in Montgomery County produced commercial grade limestone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1666 In general, there is more shale than limestone in the rocks that make up the Kope and Clays Ferry Formations. The dominance of the shale produces a hillier topography in Montgomery County than is seen in areas where the limestone is predominant. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1665 Lulbegrud Creek flows over the Calloway Creek Limestone near Ky. 11. Montgomery County is blessed with an abundance of water. Ninety-five percent of Montgomery Countians are served by public water. Slate Creek is the primary raw water source. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1664 The Donaldson Creek Quarry in Montgomery County produces aggregate for the construction industry from the Lexington Limestone. The quarry is unusual in that it intersects natural oil deposits, seen as dark staining on the rock face. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1663 The black New Albany Shale is seen in this roadcut along Ky. 213 in Montgomery County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1662 The 66-acre Greenbrier Creek Reservoir provides water to the city of Mount Sterling and is one of several fishing lakes in Montgomery County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1661 The broad alluvial valley along Slate Creek in Montgomery County is typical of watersheds with uplands underlain by shale, in this case the New Albany Shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1660 Limestone and shale of the Grant Lake Limestone is seen in this roadcut along Ky. 646 in Montgomery County. As the shale content increases, the terrain becomes hillier and there are fewer sinkholes. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1659 Montgomery County, 199 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass and Knobs Regions, was formed in 1797. The 2005 population of 24,092 was 6.8 percent greater than the 2000 population. The highest elevation, 1,447 feet, is on Westbrook Mountain near the county line about 4.5 miles south of Camargo. The lowest elevation, 707 feet, is the point were Copperas Creek leaves the county at the Montgomery- Clark-Powell boundary. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1658 The karst landscape of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone provides soils for a strong agricultural economy in Meade County. Several sinkholes can be seen in the pasture above. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1657 Deposits from the Paoli and Ste. Genevieve Limestones in Meade County have been extracted from the Battletown Quarry along the Ohio River for over 50 years to provide aggregate for the construction industry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1656 The Salem Limestone outcrops along Otter Creek, looking upstream from the U.S. 60 bridge. Meade County is blessed with an abundance of water. Preventing water pollution is easier than correcting it. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1655 The wide Ohio River alluvium in Meade County has ample space for large industrial development like this chemical plant. The river provides transportation and water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1654 An old meander cutoff of the Ohio River in Meade County provides a beautiful, peaceful valley for rural living. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1653 This unusual home, built into a hillside of the Hardinsburg Sandstone in Meade County, blends in beautifully with the landscape. Advantages include low heating costs and protection from the weather. Skylights enhance interior lighting. Photo by Rick Sergeant, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1652 The Ohio River alluvium provides a good setting for agricultural facilities such as chicken houses in Meade County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1651 The Ohio River plays an important role in the Meade County economy, providing transportation, water resources, and alluvial plains for agriculture and industry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1650 Meade County, 309 square miles in the Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1824. The lowest elevation, 383 feet, is the normal pool on the Ohio River. The highest elevations, slightly greater than 1,000 feet, are found on Bee Knob Hill, about 2.5 miles northwest of Flaherty. Most of Meade County is a karst (sinkhole) plain of low relief. Northwestern Meade County occupies part of a higher plateau, separated from the sinkhole plain by the Dripping Springs Escarp- ment. The 2005 population of 28,244 was 7.2 percent greater than in 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1649 Construction of Doe Run Inn in Meade County, using local limestones, began in 1780 and finished in 1821. The inn provides rooms for parties, overnight guests, and delicious home-style cooking. Photo by Rick Sergeant, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1648 This old roadcut in the Salem Limestone in Meade County reveals the dissolution process that creates underground cavities and, when the cavity roofs collapse, sinkholes. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1647 A sinkhole pond in the St. Louis Limestone in Meade County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1646 The St. Louis Limestone provides soils for agriculture and attractive home sites for rural residential living in Meade County. Thoughtful planning can reduce conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1645 Weathering features in the Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation exposed along U.S. 27 near Whitley City, McCreary County. Sandstone aquifers are a good source of groundwater. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1644 McCreary County is on the western edge of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. Topography such as this, underlain by Pennsylvanian sandstone, siltstone, and shale, is typical of the region. Photo by Randy Paylor, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1643 Roadcut along U.S. 27 north of Wiborg in McCreary County shows the sandstone tongue overlying shales in the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation. Erosion of underlying shale can lead to rock falls. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1642 Blue and red shales erode beneath limestone in this roadcut into the Pennington Formation along Ky. 1363 in McCreary County. As shale erodes, limestone collapses. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1641 Acid mine drainage from an abandoned underground coal mine in the Beattyville Shale Member of the Lee Formation is exposed to limestone in the Mississippian Pennington Formation at this facility in McCreary County, reducing the acidity before it flows downstream. Photos by Randy Paylor, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1640 Natural Arch, with a span of 100 feet, is made of sandstone in the Rockcastle Conglomerate and is one of the many natural wonders in McCreary County that attract tourists. View Location
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1639 Mississippian Pennington Formation exposed along Rock Creek in McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
1638 The Big South Fork of the Cumberland River seen from the Alum Ford boat ramp. The Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, part of which extends into southern McCreary County, encompasses 125,000 acres of the Cumberland Plateau, Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area and protects the free-flowing Big South Fork of the Cumberland River and its tributaries. The area boasts miles of scenic gorges and sandstone bluffs, is rich with natural and historic features and has been developed to provide visitors with a wide range of outdoor recreational activities. Photo by Bethany Overfield Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1637 McCreary County, 428 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was established in 1912 as the final county in Kentucky. The population in 2005 was 17,152. The highest elevation, 2,165 feet, is on a knob on Ryans Creek Mountain about 1.5 miles southeast of Hollyhill. The lowest point, 723 feet, is the normal pool of Lake Cumberland. The county lies within the Daniel Boone National Forest and includes the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1636 Grant Lake Limestone provides level land and soils for a strong agriculture in the Outer Bluegrass in Mason County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1635 Nearly all of Mason County is underlain by rocks composed of layers of limestone and shale. In general, when shale is predominant the terrain is rugged. When limestone is dominant, the terrain is more gentle and suitable for agriculture and development. Limestone forms steep cliffs along streams cutting from uplands to the river. Limestone and shale in the Grant Lake Limestone are exposed in this roadcut along U.S. 62/68. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1634 Rolling topography characterizes areas underlain by shaly limestones of the Kope and Clays Ferry Formations in the Bluegrass Hills of Mason County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1633 Dover Covered Bridge (also known as the Lees Creek Covered Bridge). In the National Register of Historic Places, 1976, near Dover, Mason County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1632 Carmeuse Lime Quarry in Mason County at the confluence of Cabin Creek and the Ohio River can produce 1.5 million tons per year of high-calcium lime from the Grant Lake Limestone. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1631 The limestone bluffs of the Ohio at Maysville rise nearly 400 feet above the river and provide spectacular views of the valley. The 1932 Simon Kenton Bridge is in the foreground and the J.M. Stuart coal-fired power plant is upstream on the Ohio side. A floodwall and levee system protects low-lying areas from flooding. The river provides transportation, cooling water, and drinking water from its alluvial aquifers. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1630 The historic courthouse and the First Presbyterian Church in downtown Maysville. Mason County, 241 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was established in 1788. The population in 2004 was 16,937. Public water service is available to 85 percent of the households. About 55 percent have public sewer service. The elevation in the county ranges from 485 feet on the Ohio River, to 1,000 feet on a ridge about 1.5 miles west of Mays Lick. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1629 Eastern Kentucky Power produces 1,118 megawatts at the Spurlock coal- fired power station in Mason County. A second 268-megawatt clean-coal-technology unit will go online in 2008. These units significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, and can burn alternative fuels. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Agency, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1628 Water travels underground through conduits in the limestone and emerges at springs like this in the Fairview Formation in Mason County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1627 The alluvial valley of the Ohio River at Dover in Mason County provides farmland. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1626 The new U.S. 62/68 bridge west of Maysville is the first cable-stayed bridge in Kentucky. A similar bridge on U.S. 23 connects South Portsmouth in Greenup County with Portsmouth, Ohio. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1625 Doe Valley Lake provides water recreation to a private residential community in Meade County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1624 Poorly cemented Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation, laid down by an ancient river, is seen in this roadcut along U.S. 27 near Whitley City in McCreary County. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1623 An expression of the Kentucky River Fault in limestone north of the Clays Ferry bridge on I-75 in Madison County, which continues under the bridge itself. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1622 The Clays Ferry bridge on I-75 over the Kentucky River at Madison and Fayette Counties. Rock movement along Kentucky River Fault lines in the area might be reactivated during an earthquake. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1621 Fractures in the Lexington Limestone in Fayette County are enlarged by slightly acidic rainwater to produce underground conduits. A sinkhole is formed when the ceiling of an underground cavity collapses. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1620 A septic system is installed for a public facility near Berea in Madison County. Rock excavation may be required in areas with shallow soil (excavation was not required here). Underlying shale may restrict percolation in some areas. In areas overlying limestone, septic systems can leak through fractures in the limestone, contaminating groundwater. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1619 Larue County, 263 square miles in the Pennyroyal Region of Kentucky, was formed in 1843. The population in 2004 was 13,485, about 5,400 households. The City of Hodgenville and Larue County Water District No. 1 provide drinking water to nearly two-thirds of the households. Public sewer service is provided to one-fourth of the households, those in and near Hodgenville. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1618 Harrodsburg Limestone topography and soils provide for upland agriculture in Larue County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1617 Construction in Larue County on steep slopes of the Shale Member of the Borden Formation may create slides and instability, and requires careful management of drainage. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1616 Alluvium in the broad Rolling Fork River Valley in northern Larue County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1615 Sinkholes in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone in Larue County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1614 The New Albany Shales will expand and shrink, and landslides and slumps are common, particularly in cuts on steep slopes. Clay shales shown here in Larue County make a poor foundation material. Homes on this shale may have elevated radon levels. Simple ventilation will lower levels. Ponds on shales are generally successful. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1613 Looking west from Ky. 467 down the valley of the East Fork of Otter Creek, underlain by the Salem, Harrodsburg, and St. Louis Limestones in eastern Larue County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1612 Abraham Lincoln, 16th U.S. president, was born February 12, 1809, about 3 miles south of Hodgenville in Larue County on the Sinking Spring Farm, which is today part of the National Park System. This memorial houses a replica of the original log cabin. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1611 The St. Louis Limestone provides productive soils and level terrain for an agricultural economy in Larue County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1610 Shale and limestone in the 500-million-year-old (Ordovician) Kope Formation is common as bedrock in Kenton County. The shale content is greater than the limestone and this causes problems because it may become unstable and swell when wet. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1609 This area of new residential and commercial construction is located on Ky. 17 near Independence on the limestone and shale of the Bull Fork Formation in Kenton County. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1608 This city park in Edgewood is situated on the floodplain of Banklick Creek in Kenton County. Recreational areas such as these are one of the few land uses that are suitable for floodplains, since any damages from floods would be minimal. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1607 This picture of the Holy Guardian Angels Cemetery on the Kope Formation off Ky. 17 near Independence in Kenton County show how creep--the downward movement of soils on hillsides--has caused gravestones to tilt downhill. The northern Kentucky area is especially prone to landslides on the Kope Formation, in part because of creep in areas of steep slopes. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1606 Shale and limestone in the 500-million-year-old (Ordovician-age) Fairview Formation exposed at this roadcut on I-75 is common as bedrock in Kenton County, and can cause problems for builders because the shales in the unit can swell when exposed to water. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1605 Landslide in the Devou Park area in Kenton County. The toe of the hill was undercut to put in a driveway, and with excess drainage the slope failed. Note the angle of the trees. These sand, silt, clay, and gravel deposits were laid here by glaciers over 125,000 years ago. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1604 Then ancient Kentucky River flowed through this valley in Jessamine County 5 million years ago, depositing silt, sand, and gravel, until geologic forces lifted the land and changed the course of the river. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1603 Alluvium, such as this along Hickman Creek, provides soils for hay and row crops in Jessamine County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1602 Lexington Limestone formed 500 million years ago provides fertile soils for agriculture and desirable sites for development in Jessamine County. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1601 The main stem of the Kentucky River provides 80 million gallons of water per day to 600,000 people. It also provides boating, swimming, and fishing recreation. The Kentucky River palisades support the highest concentration of rare plant species in the Bluegrass Region. The valley walls, almost vertical, rise 400 or more feet above the stream. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1600 Hickman Creek just above its mouth at the Kentucky River. The creek drains western Jessamine and southern Fayette counties over limestone of the Inner Bluegrass. Streams and groundwater can be polluted by development that does not recognize the karst geology. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1599 Small, rural residential developments are scattered throughout northern Jessamine County. Development on karst limestones must be handled with care to prevent unanticipated sinkhole flooding and associated damages. Groundwater pollution is also a concern in areas where public sewer is not available, and on-site wastewater treatment systems must be properly designed, built, and maintained. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1598 Brannon Crossing of U.S. 27 in Jessamine County is a mixed-use development with more than 800,000 square feet of retail, office, and mixed-use space. 1,600 residential homes are planned for adjacent properties. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1597 The Reserve at Hager Place and the Crossings at Hager Place are urban residential communities within the city of Nicholasville in Jessamine County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1596 Jessamine County, 173 square miles in the Inner Bluegrass Region, was formed in 1799. The lowest elevation, 497 feet, is the normal pool level of the Kentucky River where it leaves the county near Brooklyn Bridge. The highest elevation, 1,072 feet, is on a ridge just west of the railroad about 3 miles north of Nicholasville. The 2005 population, 42,965, was 40.9 percent greater than that of 1990. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1595 Drainpipes and limestone riprap are used along the slopes of the New Providence Shale Member of the Borden Formation in the Muldraugh Escarpment to help prevent water infiltration and subsequent slope instability onto the Gene Snyder Expressway in Jefferson County. Photograph by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1594 Growth of the metropolitan Louisville area has been accompanied by alteration of the existing landscape. In this example, retaining walls have been built along a drainage area for flood control adjacent to extensive development. In metropolitan areas, care must be taken to maintain water quality and control stormwater runoff from surrounding parking lots. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1593 A 29-mile-long system of floodwalls, gates, pumping stations, and levees allows for multiple land uses in the Louisville metropolitan area. The flood walls were constructed following a 1937 flood when the river crested at 85.4 feet. Ohio River flood stage at McAlpine Dam is 55 feet, and the flood walls that protect the city are constructed for a river height of 88.5 feet. This gate and berm are located near Kosmosdale. Photo by Bart Davidson. View Location
on Geologic Map
1592 In metropolitan Louisville areas where residential construction is common, care must be taken to ensure that septic systems are correctly installed to avoid polluting streams and groundwater. In Jefferson County, this involves recognition of Quaternary sediments near the river and karst geology in the eastern and central part of the county. Photograph by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1591 The Floyds Fork Creek drainage basin in east-central Jefferson County contains a mapped wetland area . Water-quality issues in the rural parts of Jefferson County differ from those in the metropolitan Louisville area because fertilizers and pesticides applied to crops, and nitrates from cattle operations, can affect groundwater from domestic (private) water wells. Photograph by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1590 The Cane Run Power Station in Jefferson County burns 1.3 million tons of coal per year, all shipped by rail. The plant produces gypsum as a byproduct that must be disposed of in environmentally safe landfills. Photograph by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1589 Large cities such as Louisville require great amounts of electricity. Louisville Gas and Electric�s Mill Creek Power Station on the Ohio River is a 1600 megawatt coal-fired plant. The flue-gas desulfurization unit at the plant produces half a million tons of gypsum annually as a byproduct that is shipped by barge to a wallboard plant. Photograph by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1588 The Kosmos Cement Plant in Jefferson County was founded in 1905, and the nearby community of Kosmosdale (formerly Riverview) was named after the plant. About 720,000 tons of cement are produced by the plant annually. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1587 Cooling one's feet on a hot August day in Johnson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1586 Situated on the Ohio River, Louisville is the county seat of Jefferson County, and was founded by George Rogers Clark in 1778. Lewis and Clark�s Corps of Discovery to the American West began their voyage here, at the nearby Falls of the Ohio (which Louisville was known as during its early history). Louisville is the 16th largest city in the United States. Photograph by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1585 An excellent example of a cover-collapse sinkhole in the Mississippian Slade Formation near U.S. 421 south of Big Hill in Jackson County. When soil covers a void space over a preexisting, buried sinkhole, a �soil arch� is formed, which may be a few inches or feet thick. If the soil arch collapses, a depression is formed on the ground surface over the sinkhole. Homeowners and builders should take every precaution to avoid these features, which may cause significant problems for structures built on top of them. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1584 This floodplain of Pond Creek is located at the intersection of Ky. 30 and Ky. 3443 near Tyner in Jackson County. A power substation can be seen in the distance. Floodplains such as this are suitable for land-uses that will not be severely threatened by high water, such as recreational areas. Photo by Ed Hodges, Bowser-Morner Inc. View Location
on Geologic Map
1583 This public park in Jackson County also includes a small industrial complex. With limited open spaces, such combined land-use areas make the best use of available land. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1582 Jackson County, where the mountains meet the Bluegrass, is 346 square miles in the Eastern Coal Field Region. It was established in 1858. The Mill Creek Wildlife Area (13,000 acres) and the Daniel Boone National Forest (56,000 acres) cover about 31 percent of the county. The 2004 population of 13,622 was 0.9 percent larger than in 2000. The elevation ranges from 650 to 1,633 feet. Photo by Ed Hodges, Bowser-Morner Inc. View Location
on Geologic Map
1581 The Mill Creek Wildlife Management Area, two miles south of McKee, is 13,558 acres in the Daniel Boone National Forest in Jackson County. It is hilly with steep slopes and long, narrow ridges; some flat areas in the bottoms and on the tops of ridges. Mostly wooded with nearly 30 acres of openings. No developed facilities. Mobility impaired access to permit holders in designated area. Photo by Ed Hodges. View Location
on Geologic Map
1580 Beulah Lake near Tyner on U.S. 421 serves as a reservoir for the Jackson County Water Association, and is also open for recreational use (no wake). The water treatment plant is located to the right of the dam. Future line extensions will provide public water to 100 percent of the county. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1579 Wastewater treatment pumping station on Ky. 89 near McKee in Jackson County. Most households in the county rely on on-site wastewater treatment sys- tems. Photo by Ed Hodges, Bowser-Morner Inc. View Location
on Geologic Map
1578 Jackson County is situated in two physiographic regions, the Mississippian Plateau (primarily limestones) and the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (sandstones, shales, siltstones, and coals). The limestones in the northern part of the county make up a karst terrain, which includes sinkholes, underground streams, and caves. This small cave in the Slade Formation is along U.S. 421 between Clover Bottom and Sand Gap. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1577 There are a number of new rural residential areas in Jackson County such as this one (with underground utilities) near Clover Bottom off U.S. 421 on the hilly terrain formed by the shale, sandstone, and siltstone of the Pennysylvanian Grundy Formation. Photo by Ed Hodges, Bowser-Morner Inc. View Location
on Geologic Map
1576 Rounded, knobby hills in southeastern Henry county typify shaly limestone (Kope and Clays Ferry Formation) topography. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1575 Sinkholes in the Tanglewood Limestone Member, Henry County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1574 New Castle, the county seat, was founded in 1798. Henry County, 289 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was formed in 1799. The terrain is rolling to hilly. The highest elevation, 950 feet, is on a ridge about 3/4 mile east of Franklinton. The 2006 population, 16,025, was 6.4 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1573 New housing development in rural Henry County on the limestones and shales of the Bull Fork and Drake Formations. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1572 The Safety-Kleen Systems Inc. recycling center near Ky. 146 in Henry County operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, converting waste chemicals into fuel for the cement industry. Photo courtesy of Safety-Kleen. View Location
on Geologic Map
1571 Lake Jericho, on the Little Kentucky River east of Ky. 153 in Henry County, provides for boating and fishing recreation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1570 Upland limestones of the Drakes Formation provide soils for a strong agricultural economy in Henry County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1569 Liter's Quarry Inc. uses room-and-pillar mining techniques to produce 750,000 to 1 million tons of aggregate per year from their drift mine in the Lexington Limestone just north of Lockport in Henry County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1568 Lock and Dam 2 on the Kentucky River near Lockport in Henry County. River transportation is no longer significant. The locks and dams now serve to provide pools for water supply and recreational boating and fishing. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1567 The 5,795-acre Nolin Lake provides a variety of recreation�camping, boating, water sports, and fishing. Drawn-down winter pool reveals the Glen Dean Limestone in Hart County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1566 The Caseyville Formation conglomerate sandstone is exposed at this outcrop off Ky. 88 east of Cub Run in Hart County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1565 The Big Clifty Sandstone Member, seen in this outcrop near Ky. 1261, lies beneath most of western Hart County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1564 The Hidden River Cave entrance in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone alongside Main Street in Horse Cave was once billed as the "World's Largest Cave Entrance." Some of the longest caves in the world run through the limestones of Hart County. Part of Mammoth Cave National Park lies in the county. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1563 Hart County Stone has produced crushed stone and agricultural lime from the Ste. Genevieve Limestone in this quarry since 1940. Aerial photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program, 2004. View Location
on Geologic Map
1562 The floodplain of the Green River near Munfordville in Hart County contains Stovall Park, an appropriate floodplain land use. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1561 Hart County, 416 square miles in the Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1819. Two plateau areas define the county. The lower is a slightly rolling limestone plain characterized by few surface streams and thousands of sinkholes. The higher plateau lies behind the Dripping Springs Escarpment about 200 feet above the sinkhole plain. The highest elevation, 1,156 feet, is on Frenchmans Knob, about 6 miles north-northeast of Munfordville. The lowest elevation, 421 feet, is at the Green River where it leaves the western edge of the county. From 2000 to 2005 the population grew 4.3 percent to 18,189. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1560 Ste. Genevieve Limestones provide soils for a strong agricultural economy in Hart County. Erosion resistant sandstone-capped hills lie on the horizon. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1559 The Magnolia Gas Field underground storage facility in northeastern Hart and southeastern Larue Counties, operated by Louisville Gas and Electric Company, contains over 10 Bcf of natural gas. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1558 Man-made "structure" will improve fish habitat in this new pond on the Beaver Bend and Paoli Limestone in Hart County. Photo by Richard Sergeant, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1557 The Beaver Bend and Paoli Limestones are exposed in this roadcut on Ky. 728 east of Bonnieville in Hart County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1556 Interstate 65, running from Mobile, Alabama, to northern Indiana near Chicago, divides the Hart County from north to south. It is known as "Auto Alley" because of the large number of auto plants and suppliers it passes. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1555 The flesh and bones of the hills that lie beneath a thin skin of soil are exposed along Ky. 2 in Greenup County. Siltstone supports bands of shale and limestone, with erosion-resistant sandstones at the top. All the rocks were formed from sediment deposited in ancient seas over 300 million years ago. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1554 Quiet inland alluvial valleys provide level land for agriculture and development in Greenup County. All development activities in the floodplain should be designed to eliminate or minimize flood damage. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1553 Siltstone Member of the Mississippian Borden Formation in Greenup County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1552 Shale unit of the Borden Formation and landslide deposits lie at the base of the Ohio River and Tygart Creek bluffs in northwestern Greenup County. Construction in these areas requires particular attention to foundation stability. See the discussion on slope failure. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1551 Greenup County, 346 square miles at the northern edge of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1804. Except for a few scattered ridgetops near the western boundary and near Flatwoods, level land is found only along stream valleys. The highest elevation, 1,200 feet, is at the junction with Lewis and Carter Counties. The lowest elevation, 485 feet, is the pool of the Ohio River where it leaves the county. The 2006 human population of 37,374 was 1.3 percent greater than that of 2000. There are also a number of wild turkeys (below). Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1550 Timber and wood products contribute to the Greenup County economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1549 From the hustle and bustle of the commercial/industrial area along the Ohio River to the quiet inland hills and valleys, the face of Greenup County changes significantly. The river provides water for industry and communities, transportation, and recreation. Photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program (2004). View Location
on Geologic Map
1548 Construction on hillsides underlain by shale, like this in the Princess Formation, often requires additional foundation support. Typical support to prevent pavement failure is seen along Ky. 6 in Greenup County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1547 Beautiful Greenbo Lake in Greenup County reflects the surrounding hills on a quiet day. The 181-acre lake is located within Greenbo Lake State Resort Park. The 3,000-acre park provides camping, fishing (renowned for largemouth bass), boating, golf, and hiking and biking trails. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1546 As much as 15 tons of iron per day was produced in the mid- to late-1800's at the Buffalo Iron Furnace in Greenup County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1545 From 1980 to 2005, Greenup County produced 169,490 barrels of oil and 606 million cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1544 Sandstone and shale in the Breathitt Formation in Greenup County. Percolating water, chased by tree roots, penetrates cracks and crevices in sandstone until it encounters impermeable shale. The shale breaks down quickly when exposed to air and water, leaving the overlying rocks without support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1543 Ancient river deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel produce the level terrain of Flatwoods in Greenup County and provide a foundation for residential development. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1542 Massive bricks of sandstone from the middle part of the Breathitt Formation were excavated at Imel's Greenhouse on Ky. 1 in Greenup County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1541 Shale and siltstone of the Salem and Warsaw Formation is exposed near Big Pitman Creek in Green County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1540 The terrain underlain by the Salem and Warsaw Limestone in Green County varies from hilly to gently undulating sinkhole plains, depending on the thickness and frequency of shale beds in the underlying limestone. This scene looks toward Greensburg from the southwest. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1539 Limestone from the Fort Payne Formation is extracted for construction aggregate at this quarry south of Greensburg, Green County. 2004 aerial photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1538 The former Green County courthouse, known as the oldest existing courthouse west of the Allegheny Mountains, was built of local limestone and completed in 1803. Green County, 289 square miles in the Eastern Pennyroyal (Mississippian Plateaus) Region, was formed in 1793. The highest elevation, 1,045 feet, is less than a mile south of where Ky. 61 crosses the Larue County line. The lowest elevation, 490 feet, is where the Green River leaves the county. The county population of 11,931 in 2005 was 3.6 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1537 Limestone in the Fort Payne Formation is exposed along Big Pitman Creek in Green County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1536 The Salem Limestone resists erosion at this small stream near Ky. 2762 in Green County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1535 Alluvium provides rich soils for agriculture and level land for development in Green County, but may be subject to drainage problems and flooding. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1534 Thick beds of shale separated by erosion resistant siltstone in the Fort Payne Formation are exposed at this roadcut on Ky. 88 in Green County. The Salem and Warsaw Limestone forms the top of the hill. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1533 Timber and timber products, such as produced by this lumber mill in Green County, contribute to the local economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1532 Timber and timber products, such as produced by this cedar mill in Green County, contribute to the local economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1531 Since exploration began in 1915, Green County has produced over 17 million barrels of oil. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1530 Erosion resistant sandstones of the Caseyville Formation cap the ridges in many areas of Grayson County. Junction Road follows such a ridge and provides this scenic vista looking north along Ky. 79 in the upper Pleasant Run Valley. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1529 Sinkholes in the St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve limestones dominate the landscape in the Rough Creek Fault Zone in Grayson County. This pair lie along the aptly named Sinks Road that traverses the area. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1528 Ragland Quarry Inc. mines deep beneath the surface west of Leitchfield in Grayson County to produce 300,000 tons of limestone annually for crushed stone, asphalt, and lime. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1527 Grayson County, 504 square miles in the Western Kentucky Coal Field, was established in 1801. The 2004 population of 25,004 was 4 percent greater than in 2000. The highest point in the county, 963 feet, is on Buzzard Ridge, about 3.5 miles west of Millerstown. The lowest elevation, 395 feet, is where Rough River leaves the county. Rough River Dam State Resort Park offers fishing, boating, and golfing. The 5,800-acre Nolin Lake, with its 200 miles of shoreline, also provides for water recreation and outdoor activities. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1526 Hardinsburg Sandstone Over Haney Limestone in this roadcut along the Western Kentucky Parkway in Grayson County. A thin layer of shale separates the two. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1525 Most ponds on shale, like this new pond in the Tradewater and Caseyville Formations in Grayson County, are successful. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1524 Grant County, 260 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was established in 1820. Highway, air, and rail transportation are readily accessible. Lakes and rolling hills provide for a variety of recreational activities. From 1990 to 2004, the population increased 54 percent, to 24,300 residents. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1523 Most upland areas of Grant County are underlain by shale and limestone of the Kope Formation, characterized by rolling, knobby hills that provide pasture for livestock. In northern and eastern areas of the county, the Kope often lies along ridgetops. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1522 Wide alluvial valley along Eagle Creek in western Grant County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1521 Looking downstream at Eagle Creek from the Ky. 1132 bridge south of Folsom in Henry County. With a drainage area of 519 square miles, Eagle Creek is the largest creek in Kentucky. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1520 Residential development on the Grant Lake Limestone and limestone and shale of the Fairview Formation near Crittenden, Grant County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1519 The Kentucky River Fault at Camp Nelson is situated in the Ordovician High Bridge Group on Highway 27 just south of the Kentucky River in Garrard County. This structural feature includes kink folds (shown here), breccias, slickensides and mineralized fractures. Downdropped to the southeast, the fault exhibits as much as 700 feet of structural relief. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1518 This flood control levee is located near Jones Run Pumping Station in Frankfort. The view is to the south, with the Kentucky River to the right and the Cove Spring Park Nature Preserve Wetland area to the left. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1517 Flooding of the Kentucky River is a relatively common occurrence in Frankfort. The river was at flood stage here at the Benson Creek confluence on June 1, 2004. The old iron bridge is now a footbridge for the riverwalk. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1516 Kentucky's capital city of Frankfort is located in the Inner Bluegrass physiographic region. This view is looking west toward the State Capitol from the Frankfort Cemetery. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1515 A sinkhole in the Tanglewood Limestone near Frankfort at Hudson Hollow Road. Road construction in this vicinity has altered underground drainage, causing flooding to the area and nearby neighborhoods. Trees and debris can be seen in the opening of the sinkhole. View Location
on Geologic Map
1514 This outflow gate for a constructed sinkhole in the Lexington Limestone underground drainage system is located at the intersection of the East-West Connector and Collins Lane in Frankfort. The constructed underground drainage system exceeds 1 mile in length. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1513 The Salato Wildlife Education Center, managed by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, is located at Number One Game Farm Road on U.S. Highway 60 east of Frankfort. The center is a showcase of Kentucky's diverse ecosystems. Note the black bear to the right of the view stand. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1512 The Benson Valley Area Landfill of Franklin County, as seen from Ky. 151, sits on the Clays Ferry Formation which is interbedded limestone and shale, about 50 percent of each. Landfill sites must be carefully considered and extensively monitored to avoid contamination of local groundwater aquifers. Impermeable shale beneath a landfill can help prevent percolation of pollution into the groundwater. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1511 The wetland pictured here is part of the Cove Spring Park Nature Preserve Wetland Area, located in a meander cutoff of the Kentucky River near Frankfort. For many years this area was the habitat of beavers, whose dam impounded water from Cove Spring and permanently flooded the area. The beavers were removed in the interest of flood and mosquito control, and the area is being restored to an ephemeral ponded wetland. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1510 Surface mining south of Hippo is seen in aerial photography. From 1889 through 2004, Floyd County produced 460 million tons, of coal, 355 million by underground mining. In 2004, production from surface mines nearly doubled that of underground mines. 2004 photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1509 Wheelwright, a unique community in Floyd County of slightly over 1,000 residents, is undergoing revitalization. In the 1930s. Inland Steel turned Wheelwright into a model coal camp, with a golf course, swimming pool, bowling alley, strong schools, and modern facilities. Following its sale in 1966, the town declined. Former and current residents are now working to develop a museum and tourist, education, and business facilities to restore the town. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1508 The man made area on the Princess Formation that includes Stonecrest Golf Course--a golfing residential community, athletic fields, and an equine center--stands in stark contrast to the surrounding natural terrain in Floyd County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1507 Floyd County, 394 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1800. Communities are located in valleys along Levisa Fork and its tributaries. The highest elevation, 2,320 feet, is near the junction of Floyd, Knott, and Pike Counties. The lowest elevation, 580 feet, is where Levisa Fork leaves the county. The 2006 population of 42,208 was 0.5 percent smaller than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1506 Kudzu, and invasive species from East Asia (Jap. Kuzu) grows to impressive displays throughout Floyd County and southeastern Kentucky. It can grow 12 inches a day or 60 feet in a season. The non-woody parts are edible. Studies have shown that kudzu can reduce both hangovers and alcohol cravings. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1505 Hillside construction on the Pikeville Formation in Floyd County. Construction on slopes underlain by shale often requires additional support and drainage management. Support for properties on hillsides can not only add strength, but can, when integrated with the landscape, also enhance the beauty of the property. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1504 Nine feet of water ran on Main Street in Martin during the 1977 flood. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntington District, is implementing a redevelopment plan that will provide relocation and other nonstructural flood protection measures for home, businesses, and government buildings. The plan was designed to preserve the cohesiveness of the Floyd County community. This site is out of the floodplain in the Pikeville Formation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1503 The Paul Hunt Thompson Golf Course and adjacent Stumbo Park near Allen in Floyd County are floodplain uses that minimize flood damages. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1502 The Pikeville Formation exposed along Ky. 321 in Floyd County contains a calcareous sandstone layer with unusually high levels of calcium carbonate. Water dissolves the calcium carbonate to form caverns within the rock in a process similar to the formation of caves in limestone karst regions. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1501 Dewey Lake provides 1,100 acres of boating, water sports, swimming, and fishing in Floyd County. Adjacent Jenny Wiley State Resort Park offers swimming, hiking, camping, disc golf, elk viewing, cabins, and meeting facilities. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1500 Sandstone over shale in the Pikeville Formation is exposed along Ky. 302 near Dewey Lake in Floyd County. Water penetrates cracks and crevices in the sandstone and flows downward until it meets the impermeable shale. When the shale is exposed to air and water, it breaks down quickly, leaving the overlying sandstone without support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1499 Road construction on slopes underlain by shale, like this in the Four Corners Formation in Floyd County, often requires additional foundation support. Proper drainage maintenance is also essential. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1498 The 280-acre Maxey Flats commercial disposal facility in Fleming County accepted 4.7 million tons of low-level radioactive waste from 1963 to 1977. The Commonwealth of Kentucky has maintained the site since its closure. More information on the site is available at www.waste.ky.gov. 2004 photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1497 Hanson Aggregates Midwest, Inc. operates the Flemingsburg Quarry near Fleming Creek south of Flemingsburg. Agricultural lime and construction aggregate are quarried from the Grant Lake Limestone. 2004 photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1496 Fleming County, 351 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was formed in 1798. Western Fleming County is characterized by gently rolling hills and mild local relief. East of a line between Hillsboro and Mount Carmel is an escarpment. Slopes are steep. The highest elevation in the county is over 1,420 feet, a knob on the Fleming/Rowan County line about 3 miles southeast of Plummer's Landing. The lowest elevation is 590 feet where the Licking River leaves the county. The 2004 county population of 14,480 was 5 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1495 The Eastern Hills of Fleming County loom on the horizon, with a knob in the foreground. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1494 Ringo's Mill Covered Bridge in Fleming County, built in 1867, restored in 1984 by L.A. Thompson. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, 1976. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1493 Bluffs of Mississippian sandstone and limestone rise over agricultural activities in the Fox Creek valley of alluvium and clay shales of the Silurian Drowning Creek Formation in Fleming County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1492 The Fleming County Public Wildlife Area, underlain by Silurian and Devonian shales, is 2,070 acres of primarily oak and hickory woods with some croplands and woodland openings. Squirrels, deer, grouse, doves, raccoons, quail, and rabbits live in the woodlands and fields. Recreation includes fishing, hiking, and primitive camping. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1491 The underlying impermeable Silurian clay shales in the headwaters of Fleming Creek impede drainage and create habitat for swamp-loving creatures. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1490 A growing population is spreading across Fleming County. This residential development is north of Flemingsburg off Ky. 11 on the limestone and shale of the Bull Fork Formation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1489 This reservoir is a source of water for the Flemingsburg Utility System. A local resident reports that it also provides habitat for bluegill, crappie, Smallmouth bass, and catfish. About 80 percent of Fleming County residents are served by public water and 30 percent by public sewer. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1488 Limestone-shale terrain of the Bull Fork Formation in Fleming County provides soils for rich pasture land and attractive sites for rural residential development. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1487 From its origin in the shaly eastern hills and valleys, Fleming Creek flows across limestone terrain to its confluence with the Licking River on the western boundary of the county. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1486 Grant Lake Limestone soils and terrain provide for a rich agriculture in Fleming County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1485 This 64-acre lake, created in 1988 by a 45-foot dam on the Brushy Fork of Fox Creek in Fleming County, is one of five such lakes in the basin that are part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Fox Creek Watershed Project. The dam, Flood Retarding Structure No. 2, provides 1,433 acre-feet of storage for a 4,205 acre drainage area. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1484 This outcrop along Ky. 1013 shows the 300-million-year-old sandstone (Farmers Member) that provides the erosion-resistant core for the distinctive hills of eastern Fleming County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1483 Shales provide a poor foundation, particularly when drainage is not properly managed. Road slumps, such as this one on Ky. 559 on the Ohio Shale in Fleming County, can be an ongoing maintenance problem. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1482 Kentucky River bottomland in Estill County is excellent for growing crops, but is subject to seasonal flooding. Photo taken from the new bypass bridge near Irvine by John F. Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association. View Location
on Geologic Map
1481 Expanding shales in Irvine have damaged the foundation of the Estill County Middle School gymnasium. The floors had to be removed and the shales isolated from moisture and further oxidationby using an innovative process of covering them with resin. Other buildings are threatened by this problem, which is caused by oxidation of pyrite in the shales. Photo by John F. Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association. View Location
on Geologic Map
1480 New residential development near Hargett in northern Estill County along Ky. 82 makes use of relatively flat land with knob topography in the background. Photo by John F. Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association. View Location
on Geologic Map
1479 This pond on a ridge of the Estill County Industrial Park was used to contain siltation from a nearby coal processing plant, which is now abandoned. Photo by John F. Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association. View Location
on Geologic Map
1478 Fitchburg Furnace, Estill County. Located 6 miles north on Ky. 975 from Ky. 52. The Fitchburg Iron Furnace produced pig iron from 1870 to 1874, and was the largest furnace built in Kentucky. It had such a high capacity that the local timber and ore supply was depleted too rapidly, resulting in the closing of the furnace. Kentucky ranked third in the nation in iron production in 1830, and 11th in 1965. Photo by John F. Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association. View Location
on Geologic Map
1477 The high-level gravel unit exposed here along Ky. 52 west of Irvine in Estill County is mined locally for sand and gravel. This deposit was created by an ancient river that flowed through the area thousands of years ago. Valleys created by this paleoriver (ancient river) can still be seen around Irvine, and are excellent farming areas. Photo by John F. Stickney, Kentucky Rural Water Association. View Location
on Geologic Map
1476 The Tipton Ridge Quarry and Mine near Irvine in Estill County produces aggregate from dolomite and limestone in the Slade Formation. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1475 Massive Corbin Sandstone cliffs such as this along Ky. 1620 are not uncommon in Elliott County, nor is the need for roadbed support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1474 Elliott County, 234 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1869. The highest elevation, 1,340 feet, is a knob in the headwaters of Pruetts Fork and Wells Creek. The lowest elevation, 645 feet, is the normal pool of Grayson Lake. The 2005 population was 6,960, 3.1 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1473 Alluvial valleys in Elliott County, rimmed by the rugged sandstone hills, provide level land for homes and agriculture if drainage and flood hazards are properly managed. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1472 Rocks of the Four Corners Formation are exposed at this roadcut on Ky. 486 in Elliott County. Percolating water flows down cracks and crevices in the siltstone and sandstone and then laterally when it encounters a layer of impermeable shale or underclay. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1471 In addition to streams and lakes, the Elliott County has 55 natural wetlands ranging in size from 1 to 27 acres. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1470 Grayson Lake State Park provides fishing, boating, and other outdoor recreational activities in Elliott County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1469 Timber contributes to the Elliott County economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1468 Because shale is more predominant, the terrain of the Pikeville Formation in Elliott County is less rugged. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1467 Maintenance crew installs roadbed support along Ky. 649 near Little Caney Creek. Pavement failure of roads on cut slopes and near streams are common throughout the Elliott County, particularly when shale is present. View Location
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1466 Elliott County is blessed with an abundance of water and scenic beauty. A trip down the Little Sandy River provides canoeists with many breathtaking views, including the spectacular Corbin Sandstone cliffs of Laurel Gorge. View Location
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1465 Thick, erodible shale beds separated by sandstone in the Hyden Formation are exposed in this roadcut on Ky. 7 in Elliott County. Because shale is more predominant, the terrain of the Hyden Formation is in general less rugged. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1464 The Cumberland River crosses Cumberland County from northeast to southwest in broad, sweeping, meandering loops and intervening large spurs. It is one of the finest cool-water fishing streams in the eastern United States, with striped bass (40 pounds), brown trout (20 pounds), and rainbow trout. Spring droughts and hot weather can bring reduced flow and warmer water that threats the fish, as in the drought of 2007. Managed releases from the upstream Lake Cumberland Dam mitigate the impacts. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1463 Siltstone in the Fort Payne Formation seen along Ky. 61 caps the hills in Cumberland County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1462 Wide alluvial valleys and adjacent limestone terrain provide level land and rich soils for agriculture and community development in Cumberland County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1461 Beautiful Dale Hollow Lake, 27,700 acres in Kentucky and Tennessee with 620 miles of shoreline, provides for fishing, water sports, camping, horseback riding, golf, hunting, sightseeing, and more. The Dale Hollow Lake State Resort Park in Clinton County has lodging, meeting space, and excellent food. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1460 The Chattanooga Shale can be seen in this roadcut on Ky. 2276 above Burkesville in Cumberland County. The black shale contains enough organic matter to burn. It makes a poor foundation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1459 The hilltops of Cumberland County provide spectacular views of the valleys below, such as the city of Burkesville in the Cumberland River Valley. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1458 4.1 million barrels of oil were produced in Cumberland County from 1980 to 2007. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1457 Timber from the hills contributes to the Cumberland County economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1456 The St. Louis Limestone along Ky. 90 in Cumberland County. Percolating water penetrates cracks and crevices, dissolving the rock and creating underground flow conduits and caves. Sinkholes form when the ceiling of underground conduits can no longer support the overlying soil. Water may be quickly contaminated if sinkholes are used for waste disposal. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1455 The Leipers Limestone was quarried for construction aggregate at Gaddie Shamrock Paving Quarries south of Grider in Cumberland County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1454 Interbedded siltstone, limestone and shale of the Fort Payne Formation seen along Ky. 61 in Cumberland County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1453 76 Falls is a scenic area adjoining Lake Cumberland near Albany, Clinton County, and is a popular location for both tourists and boaters. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1452 Sewage lagoons are often constructed near industrial facilities to aid in pretreatment. Dams and embankments of lagoons like this one in Clinton County should be monitored for leakage, which may migrate and affect local streams and groundwater. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1451 Mississippian Limestone is a major product of Clinton County. The Hartselle Sandstone lies above the Kidder Limestone and Ste. Genevieve Limestone Members of the Monteagle Limestone at this cut. This local quarry is a good example of land use that requires an adequate infrastructure to handle the increased traffic of hauling vehicles. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1450 Clinton County is one of Kentuckys leading producers of oil and gas. This is a typical oil well with and off-gas flare. Photo by Jeff Adams, Don Molden Multiple Services, Inc. View Location
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1449 Oil and gas development in Clinton county has been substantial in the early 21st century. Here an oil well with a large storage tank is located next to a sinkhole pond in which cattle are cooling off. It is important to consider mesures that prevent releases when developing oil and gas wells. Openings in the subsurface, such as sinkholes and swallow holes, are often direct conduits to groundwater. Releases in these areas may contaminate groundwater. Photo by Jeff Adams, Don Molden Multiple Services, Inc. View Location
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1448 A large poultry processing plant near Albany in Clinton County uses a constructed wetland to handle wastewater treatment. In addition, water from the plant is sprayed on adjoining fields through an irrigation system to assist in natural filtration. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1447 Albany City Park in Clinton County is a good example of a land use that conforms to the environment. It includes ballfields and playgrounds. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1446 Bert T. Combs Lake lies within the Beech Creek Wildlife Management Area in Clay County. The lake provides recreational fishing and serves as a water source for Manchester Water Works. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1445 Rawlings-Stinson Park in the Goose Creek floodplain in Clay County. Using floodplains for parks and recreation reduces the cost of flood damages compared with other uses. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1444 Clay County, 471 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1807. Most of the county lies within the Daniel Boone National Forest. Elevations in the county range from a low of 690 feet where the South Fork of the Kentucky River leaves the county, to 2,235 feet atop a mountain near the junction of Clay, Bell, and Knox Counties. The 2004 population of 24,254 was 1.2 percent less than in 2000. About 65 percent of the residents are served by public water; 16 percent by public sewer. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1443 Oneida Baptist Institute in Clay County, a boarding school for grades 6-12, provides a model of self-sufficiency by growing much of their own meat and vegetables. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1442 Goose Creek and other streams in Clay County offer many scenes of peaceful beauty. Untreated wastewater may threaten water quality. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1441 Construction at the interface of sandstone overlying shale in the Pikeville Formation in Clay County presents possible rockfall problems as the shale erodes beneath. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1440 Construction on hillsides in Clay County where shale is present in the Pikeville Formation requires additional slope support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1439 Roads cut into hillsides in Clay County, particularly along streams, are subject to pavement failure. Proper drainage management and additional support are required. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1438 Water falls over the Tyrone and Camp Nelson limestones in this wet weather tributary to the Kentucky River in Clark County, one of many scenic areas along the river. Photo by Terry Hounshell, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1437 Interbedded dolomites and shales in the Preacherville and Rowland Members of the Drakes Formation are exposed in a roadcut on Ky. 89 in Clark County. Shale weathers away, leaving dolomite without support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1436 The inherent instability of the New Albany Shale is shown in this roadcut on Ky. 89 in Clark County. The thinly laminated shale makes a poor foundation. These shales can also shrink when dry and swell when wet, causing foundation damage. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1435 Roadcut along Ky. 89 in Clark County reveals shales and limestones in the Clays Ferry Formation. As the shale content in the underlying rock increases, the topography becomes hillier. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1434 Small ponds dot the landscape on the Garrard Siltstone in the headwaters of Stoner Creek in Clark County, providing habitat for geese and other wildlife. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1433 Alluvium in the Howard Creek Valley in Clark County provides fertile soils for agriculture. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1432 When cleared of trees, hillsides formed from eroded shale of the Kope Formation in Clark County may slump and slide. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1431 As the shale content in the underlying rock of the Kope and Clays Ferry Formations predominates over the limestone, the terrain of Clark County becomes hillier. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1430 Interstate 64 is a major transportation artery for business, industry, and agricultural products in Clark County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1429 This roadcut on the Winchester Bypass in Clark County reveals the process of limestone dissolution in the Strodes Creek Member of the Lexington Limestone. Percolating water infiltrates cracks and crevices, dissolving the limestone and creating underground flow conduits and caves. Sinkholes are formed when the ceilings of underground conduits become too thin to support the overlying soil. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1428 Clark County, 254 square miles straddling the Inner and Outer Bluegrass, was formed in 1793. The highest elevation, 1,120 feet, is on a ridge adjacent ot Ky. 15 about halfway between Winchester and Pilot View. The lowest elevation, 549 feet, is the normal pool of the Kentucky River at the Clark-Fayette County line. The 2005 population of 34,351 was 3.6 percent greater than in 2000. View Location
on Geologic Map
1427 Recently developed residential area on the Lexington Limestone near Winchester. Housing, agriculture, industry, and recreation all vie for space in the community. Development that is compatible with the geologic setting can help reduce development costs and conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1426 The upper part of the Lexington Limestone provides soils for a strong agricultural economy and attractive sites for residential living in Clark County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1425 Thick limestones overlying shale create a rolling terrain along Ky. 70 in southeastern Casey County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1424 Sustainably managed and harvested hardwoods can contribute to the local economy for generations. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1423 Areas underlain by the Salem and Warsaw Limestone provide soils and level land on ridge tops for row crop agriculture and home sites in Casey County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1422 Slope failure on landslide deposits in Casey County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1421 Wide alluvial valleys are characteristic of areas with extensive shale erosion. They provide level land for agriculture in Casey County, but may be subject to poor drainage and flooding. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1420 Erosion-resistant siltstone of the Borden Formation forms steep hillsides and cliffs; erodible shale forms flatter slopes. A roadcut along U.S. 127 in Casey County shows the siltstone and underlying shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1419 Casey County is blessed with an abundance of water. Lake Liberty provides water for Liberty Water Works, fishing recreation for residents, and a resting place for geese. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1418 Erosion-resistant siltstone of the Borden Formation forms steep hillsides and cliffs; erodible shale forms flatter slopes in Casey County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1417 The New Albany Shale in Casey County contains enough organic matter to burn. It is unstable on slopes, breaks down quickly when exposed, and may swell when wet and shrink when dry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1416 Mudstone, limey and dolomitic, in the Tate Member of the Ashlock Formation in Casey County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1415 Casey Stone Co. excavates the St. Louis Limestone for aggregate and agricultural limestone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1414 Poor drainage management for roads built on shale in the Conemaugh Formation in Carter County can result in costly pavement failures. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1413 The Cowbell Siltstone forms steep slopes in northwestern Carter County. Photo by Jerry Weisenfluh, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1412 Siltstone, sandstone, and coal layers in the Hyden Formation in this roadcut on Ky. 7 are typical of the Pennsylvanian strata in Carter County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1411 Five iron furnaces were active in Carter County in the 19th century. The Mount Savage furnace, the last to close, ceased operation in 1882. Stone chimneys like this are all that remain. Photo by Jerry Weisenfluh, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1410 Alluvium in the meandering floodplain valleys of the Little Sandy River, Tygarts, and other large creeks provide soils for agriculture and level land for development above flood levels in Carter County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1409 Active quarries in the Mississippian Slade Formation near Boone Furnace in Carter County supply the region with construction aggregate and other lime products. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1408 Carter Caves State Resort Park in Carter County is a popular attraction for tourism, golfing, and business meetings. Beautiful hiking trails and caves can be found in the steep-sided tributary valleys of Tygarts Creek formed by Mississippian limestones. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1407 Limestone bluff overlying steep slopes formed by shales in Carter County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1406 Slade Formation limestone lies above red and green shales in the Nada Member at this roadcut off Ky. 2 just north of Interstate 64 in Carter County. The shales quickly slake away when exposed, allowing massive limestone blocks to collapse. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1405 Hillslopes shales of the Princess Formation with little stabilizing vegetation show extensive downslope movement of soil material that can damage structures built too close to the hill. Cattle can exacerbate the soil movement. Photo by Jerry Weisenfluh, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1404 Red (iron staining) and green shales in the Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation in Carter County are low strength, sensitive to moisture, and prone to slumping and landslides. Photo by Jerry Weisenfluh, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1403 Carroll County, 130 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass, was established in 1838. The population in 2000 was 10,155, about 78 people per square mile. The elevation ranges from 420 feet at the Ohio River to 940 feet in the uplands. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1402 Kentucky Utilities coal-fired Ghent power plant in Carroll County had a net generating capacity of 2,000 megawatts in 2006. Each of Ghent's four generating units can produce enough electricity to light 5 million 100-watt light bulbs. The station consumes an average of 14,000 tons of coal daily. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1401 City of Carrollton in the Ohio River alluvium bordered by limestone bluffs as seen from Butler State Park, looking down the river. The Kentucky River flows into the Ohio from the left. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1400 Repaired roadway slump on Ky. 47 in Carroll County. Roads cut into shale of the Kope Formation often present difficulties with drainage management to prevent such slumping. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1399 General Butler State Park is a hilltop resort overlooking Carrollton and the confluence of the Kentucky and Ohio Rivers. It has a spacious conference center, and also provides golfing, hiking, swimming, and tennis. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1398 Campbell County has two county seats: Newport and Alexandria. Newport was established as the county seat in 1794, and a second county courthouse was built in Alexandria in 1840 because it was more centrally located. Kenton County is the only other Kentucky county with two county seats. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1397 View from the top of O'Fallon Street in Bellevue in Campbell County looking north toward the Ohio River. The residential area consists mainly of older homes, but some new construction is underway. Limestones in the Fairview Formation cap the bluffs on which the homes are situated. This geologic setting not only provides for a good foundation, but is well above the floodplain. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1396 The levee in Newport in Campbell County, looking north toward the Newport Aquarium (center). Newport has an excellent system of levees to protect the city from flooding by the Ohio River. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1395 Steep rolling hills characterize areas where shale is predominant over limestone in the underlying rock of the Kope Formation in Campbell County. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1394 U.S. 27 south of Alexandria was expanded to four lanes in 2006. It is still the major north-south thoroughfare in Campbell County. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1393 The Edward S. Pendrey Sports Park near Silver Grove in Campbell County is a large recreational complex on the floodplain of the Ohio River. It is bounded by the river, industry, and the CSX Transportation railroad. It is a good example of the use of a flood prone area for intensive recreation purposes. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1392 Walter C. Beckjord Power Plant, owned by Cinergy, Inc. in New Richmond, Ohio, across the river from Silver Grove, Campbell County. The coal-fired plant serves southern Ohio and northern Kentucky. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1391 The LaFarge Gypsum Company is the largest manufacturer of drywall in the United States, and operates this facility at Silver Grove in Campbell County. Gypsum, a byproduct of electricity production is brought to the plant from Cinergy's Walter C. Beckjord Power Plant across the river in New Richmond, Ohio. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1390 Shale landslides in the Kope Formation, like this one on Ky. 8 east of Dayton in Campbell County, are not uncommon. Many areas along the highway have trees that are severely slanted toward the road in the direction of ground movement, and the road surface itself is often undulating because of the unstable base. A 1-mile portion of Ky. 8 is being reconstructed using "geofoam" as a roadbed to remedy this problem. Shales must be carefully managed when used as the foundation for buildings and roads. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1389 The courthouse in Alexandria in Campbell County was remodeled in 1928, and houses the circuit clerk and county clerk, with historical society offices on the second floor. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1388 An abandoned limestone quarry near Mount Washington in Bullitt County now serves as a pond for fishing and recreation. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1387 Steep-sided drainages and washouts are common in the hills of northeastern Bullitt County. Residential development is mostly restricted to the tops of hills and the floodplains between hills in this area because of steep slopes. Slumps and slides are possible on shaly, steep-sided hills or excavations into shale and siltstone bedrock like at this interstate interchange. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1386 A distillery near the entrance of Bernheim Forest in Bullitt County uses water from an impounded reservoir to make Kentucky bourbon. Photo by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1385 Residential construction off Ky. 44 near Bleemel Road in Bullitt County illustrates bedrock that must often be excavated for foundations, basements, and septic fields in the Laurel Dolomite and Louisville Limestone. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1384 Caissons (concrete columns) must be constructed to support the weight of industrial buildings in areas with caves and sinkholes (karst geology) in the Louisville Limestone of Bullitt County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1383 Cover-collapse sinkholes (outlined in red) in eastern Bullitt County are typical in areas of karst geology, which feature caves, underground streams, sinkholes, and springs. Many sinkholes such as these in the Louisville Limestone have not been mapped. The construction implications of these features must be addressed for any type of development. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1382 During construction, erosion-control fences such as these may be needed to prevent silt from entering local streams in Bullitt County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1381 Surface mines surround the University of Kentucky's Robinson Forest in Breathitt County. 2004 photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program View Location
on Geologic Map
1380 Pennsylvanian sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal in the Pikeville Formation are exposed in Ky. 15 roadcut, Breathitt County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1379 From 1837 to 2004, 208 million tons of coal was mined int Breathitt County, 192 million by surface mining. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1378 The North Fork of the Kentucky River provides water for Jackson Municipal Water Works. The Middle Fork of the Kentucky River and Buckhorn Lake are also potential sources of water. The North Fork is seen here during the drought of 2007. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1377 Potential excavation difficulties are obvious in massive beds of sandstone in the Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation exposed along Cedar Bend Road in Breathitt County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1376 Characteristic crumbly appearance of shale and erosion resistance of sandstone are seen in the Pikeville Formation exposed in a roadcut on Ky. 15 in Breathitt County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1375 Kudzu, an invasive species from Asia, grows to impressive displays throughout Breathitt County and southeastern Kentucky. It can grow 12 inches in a day or 60 feet in a season. The non woody parts are edible. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1374 Roadbed support to prevent pavement failure is common for roads like Ky. 1110 near Haddix in Breathitt County constructed on shale in the Pikeville Formation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1373 From 1960 to 2005, Breathitt County produced 310,000 barrels of oil and 13.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1372 About 10,500 people in Breathitt County rely on private domestic water supplies; nearly all use water wells. Most wells in valley bottoms provide an adequate household supply. The water is generally hard, with a high iron content. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1371 Drought conditions reduce Puncheon Camp Creek to a sandstone roadbed in the Pikeville Formation in Breathitt County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1370 The 98-acre Pan Bowl Lake in Jackson, renowned for its largemouth bass, was created when the embankment for Ky. 15 cut off an old oxbow meander of the North Fork of the Kentucky River. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1369 Breathitt County, 495 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1839. The topography is rugged, with flat areas along stream valleys. The highest elevation in the county, 1,621 feet, is on a ridge at the north end of Robinson Forest. The lowest elevation, 643 feet, is where the North Fork of the Kentucky River leaves the county. The population in 2006, 15,881, was 1.4 percent smaller than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1368 Bracken County, 203 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass Region, was formed in 1797. The elevation ranges from 980 feet in the rolling hills, to 455 feet in the alluvial plain of the Ohio River. The population in 2004 was 8,707, 5 percent higher than in 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1367 The Captain Anthony Meldahl Lock and Dam near Foster in Bracken County at mile 436.2 on the Ohio River is one link in the river transportation system operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1366 The dominance of limestone in the underlying rock of the Grant Lake Limestone is revealed by gently rolling terrain and soils that provide for rich agriculture in the Outer Bluegrass of Bracken County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1365 Steep, rolling, knobby hills in Robertson County characterize the terrain where shale is dominant in the underlying rock. Fairview Formation along hilltops, Kope Formation along hillsides, and Clays Ferry Formation in valleys. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1364 Remnants of a slide seen at the base of this roadcut on Ky. 8 in Bracken County reveal the instability of shales in the Kope Formation, Bracken County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1363 Licking River at Blue Licks State Park in Robertson County. Here it cuts into the outer bank, undermining large trees. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. Blue Licks Spring is located nearby on private property. View Location
on Geologic Map
1362 Johnson Creek Covered Bridge, southeastern Robertson County. Located 4 miles north of Blue Licks Battlefield State Resort Park, along SR KY-1029. Photo by Dan Carey (see also image 903 by Tom Sparks). View Location
on Geologic Map
1361 Robertson County Courthouse, Mount Olivet. In the National Register of Historic Places, 1978. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1360 The Knobs--isolated, steep-sloping, often cone-shaped hills--dominate the horizon of southern Boyle County. They were originally continuous with the Mississippian Plateau, but were separated from the plateau by stream erosion. Many of the knobs are still capped by erosionally resistant limestones or sandstones. The sharp slopes of the Knobs are composed of shales of the 350 million year old Mississippian Borden Formation, which are more easily eroded than the overlying limestones and sandstones. The base of the Knobs contains Devonian black shales. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1359 Herrington Lake, seen here from the Coffey Cove Marina, provides fishing and boating recreation, and is Boyle County's primary water source. Nearly everyone in the county has access to public water. The Camp Nelson Limestone lines the banks. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1358 Abandoned quarry in the Lexington Limestone off U.S. 68 north of Perryville in Boyle County has been incorporated into the city's wastewater treatment system. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1357 Boyle County, an area of 182 square miles, lies in four physiographic provinces: northern Boyle in the Outer and Inner Bluegrass, and southern Boyle in the Mississippian Plateau and Knobs. The highest point in the county, 1,364 feet, is Parksville Knob. The lowest elevation, 740 feet, is where the North Rolling Fork leaves the county. The 2005 population of 27,990 was 1 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1356 Seven thousand five hundred men were killed or wounded on October 8, 1862 in the fields north of Perryville in Boyle County. The Battle of Perryville was the largest Civil War battle in Kentucky. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1355 Rural residential development of U.S. 68 north of Perryville in Boyle County. Lexington Limestones provide soils for an agricultural economy and attractive sites for development. Conflicting land-use interests can often be accomodated with thoughtful planning. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1354 Erosion of the New Albany Shale in the uplands creates wide alluvial deposits along the North Rolling Fork that provide soils for agriculture and sites for peaceful rural living in Boyle County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1353 The lower 5 feet of this section of the Drakes Formation is a shaly, silty limestone, as seen in this roadcut on Ky. 37 in Boyle County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1352 The Boyle Dolomite forms the bed of the upper North Rolling Fork in Boyle County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1351 Standing water in this bottomland along Caney Creek near Caneyville in Grayson County is indicative of the limitations on construction in areas of alluvium. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1350 The Armco city park is located near Summit in Boyd County at the intersection of U.S. 60 and Ky. 716. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey View Location
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1349 The A.K. Steel Company, formerly Armco Steel, is a major American steel company. Its Ashland plant produces carbon, stainless and electrical steel, in addition to cold-rolled stainless steel for the auto industry. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1348 The city of Ashland was established in 1854 on the Ohio River alluvium, and named after the home of Henry Clay in Lexington. Settled in 1786 as Poagues Landing, Ashland was later known as Pollards Mill. Ashlands early history included iron manufacturing, and it still is considered a center of industry for eastern Kentucky. The population of Ashland in 2000 was 21,900. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1347 New residential and commercial construction is expanding rapidly in the Ashland area. This residential area is being built on top of a hill on the Princess Formation adjacent to U.S. 23. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1346 As a river town at the confluence of the Ohio and Big Sandy Rivers, Catlettsburg was subject ot flooding on a regular basis--estimated at every 18 months prior to 1937. During that year, a major flood convinced the town that a floodwall was necessary. The levee (left) and floodwall seen here have been in operation since that time, and are crucial to the survival of the town during floods. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1345 Boyd County, 160 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was established in 1860 as the 107th Kentucky county. Elevations in the county range from 515 feet on the Ohio River where it leaves the county, to 1,140 feet along the divide between the Big Sandy and Little Sandy Rivers. The 2005 population of 49,594 was 0.3 percent less than that of 2000. The city of Catlettsburg was settled in 1798 by Horatio and Alexander Catlett, and incorporated into a town in 1858. It became the county seat in 1860. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1344 Calgon Carbon Corp. Big Sandy plant at Catlettsburg manufactures activated carbon, used in water purification. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1343 The broad alluvial floodplain along the Big Sandy River provides farmland and access to river transportation to the Ohio River for industries such as Catlettsburg Refining LLC. The refinery is the most prominent landmark in Catlettsburg. The company is owned by Marathon Petroleum, formerly Ashland, Inc., and produces a wide variety of petroleum products. It is one of the top three employers in the area. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1342 ColorPoint, off Ky. 537 in Bourbon County, produces annuals for Lowe's stores in Kentucky and southern Ohio. The 11-acre production facility, with 8 acres under roof, employs 40 to 100 people, depending on the season. In 2005, expansion was anticipated. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1341 Terrain of the Kope and Clays Ferry Formation in Bourbon County. Because shale erodes more easily than limestone, the greater the shale content of the underlying rocks, the steeper and hillier is the terrain. In general, only ridge tops capped by limestones are available for row crops. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1340 Limestones in the Upper Part of the Lexington Limestone provide fertile soils for agriculture and desirable sites for rural residential development in Bourbon County. Thoughtful planning can preserve and enhance the value of the land and minimize conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1339 Pond on a tributary of Houston Creek in Bourbon County. Rock fences built with local limestones by Irish immigrants line roads througout the region. The terrain of the Lexington Limestone presents many such beautiful scenes in the Inner Bluegrass Region. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1338 Bourbon County, 291 square miles in the Inner and Outer Bluegrass, was formed in 1786. The lowest elevation in the county, 715 feet, is where the South Fork of the Licking River leaves the county. The maximum elevation, 1,050 feet, is on a ridge about 1.5 miles northeast of North Middletown. The population in 2000 was 20,817. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1337 Phosphatic soils from the Lexington Limestone provide the foundation for a strong agricultural economy. Bourbon County ranks near the top of Kentucky counties in livestock and total cash receipts. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1336 Stoner Creek, just after a rain, just upstream from its confluence with Hinkston Creek. Bourbon County is blessed with an abundance of water. View Location
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1335 New subdivision (2005) under construction in Ky. 338 near Burlington. Northeastern Boone County is being rapidly developed for both residential and industrial use. Development areas are underlain by Ordovician limestones and 150,000-year-old glacial deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1334 The East Bend Generating Station is a 648-megawatt coal-fired facility in western Boone County on the Ohio River. It is operated by the Cincinnati Gas and Electric Company, and supplies power to northern Kentucky and southern Indiana and Ohio. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1333 Farm on Ryle Road near the Ohio River and Big Bone Lick State Park. The underlying lacustrine deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel were laid down during glacial periods in the past 100,000 years. Much land use remains agricultural, although residential and commercial construction is growing, especially in the northern part of the county. In the past 50 years, Boone County has been the fastest growing county in Kentucky. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1332 Farm on Ryle Road near the Ohio River and Big Bone Lick State Park. The underlying lacustrine deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel in Boone County were laid down during glacial periods in the past 100,000 years. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1331 The Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport in Boone County employs more than 15,000 people and provides an economic impact of $4.5 billion annually. Airport activities support more than 55,000 jobs in the region. 2004 imagery from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration. National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1330 Rabbit Hash General Store is located on the bank of the Ohio River on Lower River Road off Ky. 338 in Boone County. Established in 1831, the store is a popular tourist destination in the Outer Bluegrass. The Rabbit Hash Historic District, which includes the store, is in the National Register of Historic Places. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1329 Scene from the Discovery Trail , the "Bog" Diorama at Big Bone Lick State Park in Boone County. Shown going into or struggling inside the marsh bog are a woolly mammoth, a mastodon, a giant sloth, bison, various skeletal remains, and scavengers feeding on the carcasses. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. See more comments in Full Description. View Location
on Geologic Map
1328 The Boone County Cliffs State Nature Preserve is a 75-acre old growth forest that provides habitat for species and plants that are uncommon in Kentucky. The cliffs were formed by a glacier 350-500,000 years ago. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1327 Construction on hillsides underlain by shale in the Pikeville Formation in Bell County may require additional support to prevent slope failure. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1326 Kudzu, an invasive species from East Asia, grows to impressive displays throughout Bell County and southeastern Kentucky. It can grow 12 inches in a day or 60 feet in a season. The non woody parts are edible. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1325 The Cumberland River and its tributaries provide scenic beauty, fishing, and level land for agriculture and communities in Bell County. They also cause flood damage to unprotected development below the flood line. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1324 Alluvial valleys in Breathitt County provide level land for homes and agriculture. Drainage and flooding problems must be properly addressed. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1323 Shale in the Conemaugh Formation are seen in this outcrop on U.S. 23 in Boyd County. Shale is more erodible, less stable, and more impermeable to water than sandstone. It is imperative that the homebuilder know which rock lies at the site. Sandstone is a mixture of gray and brown. Shale may appear gray, blue, red, or green, depending on its chemistry. Shales may shrink when dry and swell when wet, causing drainage, foundation, and slope stability problems. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1322 Roads cut into shaly hillsides in the Hyden Formation in Bell County often require additional support and careful drainage management to prevent pavement failure. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1321 Young paulownia (princess) trees, indigenous to Southeast Asia, grow at the base of a shale cut in the Grundy Formation in Bell County. Shale breaks down quickly when exposed to air and water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1320 Erosion-resistant sandstone conglomerate, Lee Formation, forms hogbacks on Pine Mountain in Bell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1319 The view of Pineville from Chained Rock shows the rugged hills and wide stream valleys typical of Bell County. The floodwall to the right of U.S. 25E that protects the city from the Cumberland River floodwaters also symbolizes the threat of flooding to development in stream valleys throughout the county. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1318 Bell County, 361 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1867. Mountainous topography is predominant and communities are located in stream valleys. The unique exception is the area of Middlesboro, which was created by the impact of an object from outer space sometime in the past 300 million years. The resulting crater is roughly 3 miles in diameter. The highest elevation in the county, 3,500 feet, is near White Rock lookout tower northeast of Cumberland Gap. The lowest elevation, 975 feet, is wher the Cumberland River leaves the county in the northwest. The 2006 population of 29,261 was 1.5 percent smaller than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1317 Alluvial valleys provide space for homes and agriculture in Bell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1316 2004 aerial photo of Catlettsburg Refining LLC in Boyd County by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
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1315 Surface mining west of Middlesboro seen from the air in 2004. Bell County produced 302 million tons of coal from 1879 to 2004, 108 million tons by surface mining. Photo by U.S Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1314 Shale in the Four Corners Formation exposed along Ky. 3485 in Bell County. Percolating water flows through cracks in sandstone and siltstone until it meets impermeable shale. The shale breaks down quickly when exposed to air. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1313 The Lulbegrud Shale Member, greenish-gray shale (grassed), overlies the Oldham Member, gray fossiliferous dolomite interbedded with greenish-gray clay shale, atop the the Plum Creek Member, greenish-gray shale, in this roadcut into the Crab Orchard Formation along I-64 west of Owingsville, Bath County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1312 The Bath County Industrial Park is adjacent to I-64, a major east-west connector. Nearly half the population of the United States lies within 600 miles of the site. The City of Owingsville is in the background. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1311 Limestones in the Fairview Formation and the Grant Lake Limestone provide soils for agriculture in Bath County. As the shale content in the underlying rock increases, the terrain becomes more hilly. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1310 Grant Lake Limestone is exposed in this roadcut on U.S. 60 west of Owingsville in Bath County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1309 Bath County, 280 square miles in the Outer Bluegrass and Knobs Regions, was formed in 1811 and named after the springs in the area that were thought to have medicinal value. The 2005 population of 11,651 was 5.1 percent greater than the 2000 population. The oldest bedrock in the county is limestones deposited in shallow seas 490 million years ago. The younger black shales were formed 400 million years ago when the sea floor was covered with an organic black muck. The sandstones, siltstones, and shales are 300 to 350 million years old. The unusually wide alluvium in the south and east reflects the relatively soft shale through which the streams carved their valleys. The highest elevation, 1,388 feet, is Tater Knob, 6 miles southeast of Salt Lick in the Daniel Boone National Forest. The lowest elevation, 590 feet, is on the Licking River where it leaves the county. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1308 Below the Cave Run Lake Dam in Bath County lies the Minor E. Clark Fish Hatchery, one of the largest state-owned, warmwater fish hatcheries in the country. Three to 4 million bass, muskelunge, and walley fingerlings from the hatchery are released every year into Kentucky lakes, rivers, and suitable streams. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1307 Sandstone atop shale in the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation exposed at roadcut on Ky. 826 near Cave Run Lake in Bath County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1306 Erosion-resistant sandstone, Corbin Member of the Lee Formation, caps the hills in southeastern Bath County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1305 Shale of the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation is exposed in a roadcut along Ky.36 in southern Bath County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1304 Shale of the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation in alluvial valleys of Bath County provides flat land for development and soils for agriculture but drains poorly. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1303 Roadbeds on shale, like this in the Preacherville Formation in Bath County, often require additional support on slopes. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1302 Roadcut on Ky. 11 exposes shale and limestone in the Kope Formation in Bath County. The shale content in the rock increases from top to bottom. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1301 Dolomite and shale of the Fort Payne Formation on U.S. 31E in Barren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1300 The rolling hills underlain by the Fort Payne Formation support a strong beef and dairy industry in Barren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1299 The oil and gas industry has contributed to the Barren County economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1298 Barren County is blessed with an abundance of water. Peter Creek is part of a sport-fish restoration project conducted by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. Maintaining water quality, often difficult in karst regions, is essential for healthy streams. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1297 Big Clifty Sandstone is exposed at this Ky. 70 roadcut. Erosion-resistant sandstones maintain the hills in northwestern Barren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1296 The drawn-down winter pool on Barren River Lake exposes and interesting formation of Fort Payne dolomite. In addition to boating and fishing, the Barren River Lake State Resort Park offers an 18-hole golf course, horseback riding, tennis courts, a beach, a pool, and a paved trail for hiking and biking. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1295 Barren County, 491 square miles in the Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1799. The first pioneers in the county called the treeless grassland The Barrens. The indians had burned away plant growth to promote the grass, which attracted buffalo to graze. The county is primarily underlain by 350-million-year-old limestone and shale. The area north of Beaver Creek is highly developed karst, characterized by numerous sinkholes. The 2005 population of 39,743 was 4.5 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1294 Limestone and siltstone in the Salem and Warsaw Formation is exposed at this outcrop on Glasgow's northern bypass, Barren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1293 Sinkholes may appear suddenly when soil collapses into dissolved channels in the underlying limestone. This phenomenon is common in karst areas and can damage buildings and homes. This one is in the St. Louis Limestone in Barren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1292 Scenic beauty is spread throughout Barren County, from the gently undulating karst limestone terrain underlain by the St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve Limestones in the north to the rolling hills underlain by dolomite and siltstone in the Fort Payne Formation in the south. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1291 Aggregate for the construction industry is produced from the Ste. Genevieve Limestone at the Glasgow Quarry, Barren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1290 St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve Limestones provides soils for agriculture and attractive sites for residential development in Barren County. Thoughtful planning can minimize conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1289 Tourists brought to the Mammoth Cave and Barren River Lake areas by Interstate 65 make a significant contribution to the Barren County economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1288 Hills capped by the Big Clifty Sandstone in northwestern Barren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1287 Allen County, and area of 346 square miles in the Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1815. The topography is undulating to rough. The estimated 2006 population of 18,788 was 5.6 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1286 The Salt River alluvial valley provides level land and soils for agriculture in Anderson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1285 The Hanson Tyrone Quarry produces construction aggregate and agricultural lime from the Tyrone Limestone along the Kentucky River in Anderson County. The Lawrenceburg Municipal Water and Sewer water treatment plant is in the upper right. View from the abandoned Southern Railroad bridge over the Kentucky River. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1284 Tyrone Limestone forms the bed of Gilbert Creek as it flows toward the Kentucky River in southeastern Anderson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1283 This new housing is typical of residential development on the shale and limestones of the Clays Ferry Formation along the U.S. 127 corridor and other areas adjacent to Lawrenceburg, Anderson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1282 The Salt River provides water for distilleries and irrigation in Anderson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1281 Water from the Inner Bluegrass limestones is said to provide the distinctive flavor to Kentucky bourbons like those produced by the Four Roses Distillery in Anderson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1280 In general, the shale content of the underlying Clays Ferry Formation is greater in western Anderson County, and produces a hillier, rolling topography. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1279 Taylorsville Lake and Beaver Lake provide recreational fishing, boating, and water sports in Anderson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1278 Barren River Lake provides for boating, water sports, fishing, and a variety of outdoor activities in Allen County. The lake is also the water source for the Scottsville Water Department. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1277 Alluvial valleys like this along the Barren River and other Allen County streams provide soils for agriculture. Potential drainage and flood problems must be properly anticipated. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1276 Barren River Lake provides spectacular views from homes along the shore in Allen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1275 Salem and Warsaw Limestones are exposed in U.S. 31E roadcut in Allen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1274 Construction aggregate and agricultural lime are produced from the Warsaw Limestone at the Allen County Quarry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1273 Druggists from Bowling Green were collecting oil from local surface seeps along Trammel Fork and shipping it to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, before 1850. The earliest wells in Allen County were drilled between 1866 and 1867; most oil was shipped to Louisville or St. Louis, Misssouri, for refining. Allen County has produced 8.9 million barrels of oil since 1919. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1272 Terrain and soils of the Reef Limestone in the Fort Payne Formation supports a strong agricultural economy in Allen County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1271 Goats greet the traveller in rural Allen County on a sunny spring day. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1270 The topography of the Fort Payne Formation in Allen County--siltstone, limestone, dolomite, shale--is more rugged than the karst limestone terrain, and is characterized by steep, wooded hillsides with level ridge tops or steep hillsides along streams. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1269 Rocks of the Louisville Limestone and Laurel Dolomite are exposed at this roadcut on Ky. 100 near the Barren River in Allen County. Water that penetrates cracks in the limestone and dolomite dissolves the rock and makes larger openings. Shale layers within the unit break down quickly when exposed. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1268 The Chattanooga Shale in Allen County contains enough organic matter to burn. It is unstable on slopes, breaks down quickly when exposed, and may swell when wet and shrink when dry. High radon levels may be associated with the black shales. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1267 The Salem and Warsaw Limestone provides soils for a strong agriculture in Allen County. Tobacco plays a continuing but diminishing roll in 2007. The terrain is gently rolling to hilly. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1266 The J.M. Smucker Company in Allen County has consistently been in Fortune magazines 100 Best Companies to Work For, and in 2003 was named number one. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1265 Founded in Scottsville in 1955 by J.L. and Cal Turner, Sr., Dollar General now has over 8,000 stores in 35 states and annual revenues of over $8 billion. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1264 Standardbred horses and buttercups greet the traveler in rural Allen County on a sunny spring day. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1263 The Reef Limestone of the Fort Payne Formation provides soils for a strong agriculture in Adair County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1262 Adair County Courthouse, Columbia, 2007. In the National Register of Historic Places, 1974. Adair County, 407 square miles in the Eastern Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1802. The highest elevation, 1,120 feet, is on a ridge near Sparksville. The lowest elevation, 585 feet, is where Russell Creek leaves the county. The 2005 population of 17,625 was 2.2 percent greater than in 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1261 Green River Lake in Taylor and Adair Counties provides 8,200 acres and 250 miles of shoreline for water sports and fishing. The 24,000 acre Green River Lake Wildlife Management Area in Adair County provides a haven for wildlife. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1260 Wide alluvial valleys provide flat land for agriculture in Adair County. Flooding and poor drainage may restrict activities. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1259 The Chattanooga Shale in Adair County makes a particularly poor foundation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1258 Siltstone and shale in the Fort Payne Formation are exposed along Ky. 76 in Adair County. Shales have low strength and poor drainage. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1257 Reef Limestone of the Fort Payne Formation exposed along Ky. 61 in Adair County. Water seeps into cracks and crevices, carrying away soil and dissolving the limestone. Underground flow paths can grow into conduits and caves. Sinkholes are formed when the roof of the conduit gets too thin to support the overlying material and collapses. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1256 Extensive wetlands in the Green River Wildlife Management Area along the Green River provide habitat for wildlife. Including lakes, there are 7,850 acres of wetlands in Adair County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1255 Gaddie Shamrock Paving Quarries Columbia Plant in Adair County produces aggregate and agricultural limestone from the Fort Payne Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
1254 The Cumberland Parkway is a major east-west connector in Adair County. Reef Limestones in the Fort Payne Formation is seen in the road cut on the left. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1253 Lindsey Wilson College, founded in 1903 as a training school for Vanderbilt University, is a private 4-year United Methodist college with 1,900 students in 20 areas of study on its 45-acre campus in Columbia, Adair County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1252 The floodplain of the Red River in northeastern Wolfe County near Hazel Green serves as excellent farmland. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1251 Red River forms the Wolfe/Menifee County line. Seen here at dry conditions. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1250 A new state-of-the-art wastewater treatment plant at Campton in Wolfe County treats 120,000 gallons per day and discharges clean water to a local stream. The old plant was situated next to a public water well owned by the city (now abandoned). Photos by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1249 Torrent Falls, in the western part of Wolfe County, is a privately owned natural amphitheater exhibiting an excellent exposure of Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation. The waterfall is not flowing in this picture because of moderate drought conditions at the time the photo was taken (July, 2005). Notice the two geologists at lower right for scale. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1248 This exposure of the Glencairn Fault of the Irvine-Paint Creek Fault Zone in Wolfe County shows how geology can affect land use on a local scale. Land-use planners in this area would be confronted with two completely different sets of rocks over a small area. To the left are Mississippian shales in the Borden Formation, and to the right are Mississippian limestones in the Slade Formation. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1247 Mill Creek Lake and dam is situated on the Wolfe/Powell County line near Natural Bridge State Park. The 41-acre lake is used primarily for recreation. This is an example of sandstone and limestone serving as an embankment for a reservoir. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1246 The Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway is a major east-west transportation route through Wolfe and adjacent counties. It was the first parkway to be constructed in Kentucky, and the first to have its tolls removed in 1985. Roads constitute a major land-use feature across the state, and geology plays an important role in their construction. Photo by Richard Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1245 The Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation forms cliffs along the banks of Laurel River Lake in Whitley County. In addition to fishing and boating recreation, the lake provides about 2.7 million gallons of water per day to the city of Corbin. View Location
on Geologic Map
1244 The wide valley of the Cumberland River, seen here from Ky. 92 in Whitley County, provides alluvial soils for agriculture. Photo by Randall Paylor, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1243 Tilted strata of sandstone, shale, and siltstone in the Mississippian Pennington Formation at the crest of Pine Mountain on Ky. 1595 in Whitley County. Photo by Randall Paylor, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1242 Whitley County, 440 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1817. The lowest elevation in the county, 723 feet, is the normal pool of Lake Cumberland. The highest elevation, 2,220 feet, is a peak on Pine Mountain near the eastern edge of the county. The population of the county in 2005 was 37,971, 5.9 percent greater than in 2000. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1241 This exposure at the junction of U.S. 25 and Ky. 296 at Williamsburg in Whitley County provides an impressive view of the shale, sandstone, coal in the Pikeville Formation. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1240 Rock gabions and a chain link fence provide stability to a cut slope in the Pikeville Formation along Doc Siler Road in Whitley County. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1239 A steel and concrete bridge faced with native sandstone from a McCreary County quarry carries State Route KY 90 over the scenic Cumberland River at the McCreary / Whitley County line. The 460-foot long bridge, just upstream of the Cumberland Falls, was completed in 1954. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey, 2006. View Location
on Geologic Map
1238 Looking north up the valley of the Cumberland River from Ky. 90 in Whitley County. The river traverses the county from east to west, providing recreation and drinking water for county residents (1.5 million gallons a day to the Williamsburg water plant). Photo by Randall Paylor, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1237 Reinforced concrete wall will keep loose rocks from the Pikeville Formation from falling on the highway along Ky. 26 in Whitley County. Photo by Bethany Overfield, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1236 Oil and gas have contributed to the local economy in Warren County. From 1980 through 2005, 3.4 million barrels of oil and 1.7 billion cubic feet of gas were produced. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1235 Rinker Materials produces construction aggregate and agricultural lime from the St. Genevieve limestone at this quarry on Barren River Road in Warren County and another quarry south of Girkin. Aerial photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1234 Warren County is blessed with an abundance of water. The Barren River is one of many streams that provide fishing, boating, and swimming. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1233 Seen from the Big Clifty Sandstone-capped hills of the Dripping Springs Escarpment, the fertile farmland of the St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve Limestone karst plain stretches to the south in Warren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1232 The erosion-resistant Big Clifty Sandstone caps the hills north of the Dripping Springs Escarpment in Warren County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1231 Sandstone overlying shale in the Leitchfield Formation is exposed along the Natcher Parkway in Warren County near Butler County. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1230 White, and gray bands of limestone in the 340-million-year-old Mississippian Age Girkin Formation can be seen along the Natcher Parkway in Warren County. This rock is difficult to excavate. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1229 The Ste. Genevieve Limestone is exposed along the Natcher Parkway in Warren County. Water seeps into cracks and crevices, dissolving the limestone and creating underground flow paths, sinkholes, and caves. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1228 Warren County, 545 square miles in the Pennyroyal and Western Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1797. The slightly rolling karst sinkhole plain in the south has few surface streams and hundreds of sinkholes. Sandstone-capped hills lie to the northwest. The two areas are separated by the Dripping Springs Escarpment, which rises 200 feet above the karst plain, traversing the county from northeast to southwest. The highest point in the county, 955 feet, is Pilot Knob, 2 miles southeast of Smiths Grove. The lowest elevation, 395 feet, is at the confluence of the Barren and Green Rivers. The 2006 population of 99,525, was 7.6 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1227 Salem and Warsaw Limestones provide soils for a strong agriculture and attractive sites for homes and industry in Taylor County. Thoughtful planning can reduce conflicting interests. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1226 Nally & Gibson excavates the St. Louis and Salem Limestones for construction aggregate and agricultural lime in this quarry off of Ky. 210 in Taylor County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1225 Green River Lake in Taylor and Adair Counties provides 8,210 acres and 250 miles for shoreline for water sports, fishing, swimming, and camping. It also provides water to the Campbellsville Municipal Water System. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1224 Salem and Warsaw Limestone is exposed at this roadcut on Ky. 55 in Taylor County. Water and soil seeps into cracks and crevices and dissolves the limestone creating underground conduits and caves. Sinkholes are formed when the ceilings of underground cavities collapse. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1223 Salem and Warsaw Limestones provide soils for a strong agriculture and attractive sites for homes and industry in Taylor County. Thoughtful planning can reduce conflicting interests. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1222 This roadcut along Ky. 70 reveals the siltstones and shales of the 350-million-year-old Mississippian Fort Payne Formation in Taylor County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1221 The terrain of the Borden Formation in Taylor County is characterized by level ridge tops with steep, wooded hillsides. The Borden Formation terrain is relatively flat when adjacent to alluvial valleys. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1220 New pond underlain by the Salem and Warsaw Limestones. Pond construction on limestone must be designed to prevent leakage. Taylor County is blessed with an abundance of water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1219 Roadbed built on the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation (Mbn) in Taylor County requires additional support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1218 The New Albany Shale (also called the Chattanooga and Ohio Shale), like this in Taylor County, is the most prominent shale in Kentucky. It is brownish-black, silty, pyritic, bituminous, and carbonaceous. It contains enough organic matter to burn. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1217 Taylor County, 270 square miles in the Pennyrile Region, was formed in 1848. The terrain varies from hilly in the east to gently rolling in the west. Alluvial valleys are broad and flat. The highest elevation, 1,200 feet, is on a ridge near the junction of Taylor, Marion, and Casey Counties. The lowest elevation, 570 feet, is where the Green River leaves the county. The 2005 population of 23,726 was 3.5 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1216 Over 2,000 students from 35 countries attend Campbellsville University in Taylor County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1215 Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery, located next to Wolf Creek Dam in Russell County, produces over a million pounds of trout annually. Water feeding the hatchery comes from Lake Cumberland at a rate of 10,000 gallons per minute, and is between 40 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1214 Constructed between 1941 and 1950, Wolf Creek Dam in Russell County is a comprehensive flood-control system for the Cumberland River. It impounds Lake Cumberland, one of the largest lakes in Kentucky and a vital source of tourism for Kentucky. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1213 Sinkholes such as this one in the Salem and Warsaw Limestone in Russell County (right center) may appear overnight when the soil plug at their base collapses into a fracture or cave in the underlying limestone. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1212 A cattle watering trough, probably fed from the nearby water well. Such wells are often the most economical source of water for rural communities in Russell County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1211 A power transmission line from nearby Wolf Creek Dam crosses southern Russell County near Creelsboro. Power line right-of-ways must be taken into account for land-use planning purposes. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1210 Creelsboro Arch, also known as Rock House Natural Bridge, in southwestern Russell County has a reported span of 104 feet, and has formed in limestone of the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation. Although not officially a state park, it is protected by the landowner and is a common destination for tourists and artists. View Location
on Geologic Map
1209 The Chattanooga Shale is the equivalent of the New Albany Shale in Estill County, which is well known for exhibiting pyrite expansion. The telltale yellow weathering usually denotes the presence of pyrite. Care must be taken to check for swelling shales when building on this material. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1208 These cattle in Russell County are resting near a pond that is probably a sinkhole pond, meaning that it is connected to the underlying Salem and Warsaw Limestone aquifer by fractures in the bedrock , but is plugged with soil. Cattle feedlots or pastures such as this can cause increased nitrates in groundwater if the ponds or feedlots drain into the aquifer. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1207 Roadcut on I-64 in Rowan County reveals sandstone of the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation atop the Sunbury Black Shale, and the Bedford Clay Shale at bottom. The higher erodibility of the clay shale is clearly seen. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1206 Sandstone of the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation lies atop the Sunbury Shale at this roadcut on I-64 in Rowan County. This sandstone has been extensively quarried in the county for building purposes. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1205 The Ohio Shale near Farmers in Rowan County. The shale contains enough organic matter to burn. It is unstable on slopes and may swell when wet and shrink when dry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1204 Steep, rolling hills characterize the terrain of the underlying shale in the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation in eastern Rowan County. Slumping of soils can be seen in the lower part of hill in the center. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1203 Construction on shale in the Mississippian Borden Formation may require additional support for roadbeds and streambanks in Rowan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1202 Construction on shale in the Mississippian Borden Formation in Rowan County may require additional support for roadbeds. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1201 Clay shales of the Mississippian Nancy Member provide soils and gently rolling terrain for agriculture in Rowan County. Impermeable shales are favorable for ponds, but generally poor for other construction activities. Sandstone in the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation caps the hills in the background. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1200 Reshaping the land to accomodate a new Wal-Mart Supercenter in Rowan County requires extensive excavation in the Farmers and Berea Sandstones and the Sunbury and Bedford Shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1199 Corbin Sandstone Member of the Pennsylvanian Lee Formation sits atop limestone and shale in the Mississippian Slade Formation at this roadcut on Ky. 801 in Rowan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1198 Siltstone in the Cowbell Formation is seen in this roadcut on Ky. 1274 and throughout Rowan County. Thin shale bed within the siltstone retards water and feeds the clinging cedar tree. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1197 Cave Run Lake provides a variety of aquatic activities. Rowan County is blessed with an abundance of water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1196 Ancient river deposits of silt, sand, and gravel provide the foundation and terrain for this airfield near Farmers in Rowan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1195 Rocks of the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation are exposed along U.S. 25 north of Livingston in Rockcastle County. Percolating water seeps through cracks and crevices in the siltstone, sandstone, and coal until it meets impermeable shale. The shale breaks down quickly when exposed to air and water, leaving no support for the overlying rocks, which soon fall. Repeating the process for millions of years creates a rugged terrain of steep-sided hills. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1194 The pinkish Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation that caps the hills in southeastern Rockcastle County is exposed at this excavated pond near Sand Hill. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1193 Erosion of the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation for millions of years creates the rugged terrain of steep-sided hills seen from the Sand Gap Baptist Church in Rockcastle County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1192 The Rockcastle River just below the Roundstone Creek confluence in Rockcastle County. Both streams contain endangered mussels and are listed under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Endangered Species Protection Program limiting the use of pesticides. Groundwater flow maintained the streams during the extreme drought of 2007. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1191 The New Albany Shale and associated alluvium provide a wide, level terrain in the Copper Creek valley for agriculture and homes in Rockcastle County. Drainage may be required for agriculture, and construction designed to prevent flood damage may be required for development. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1190 The flow in Copper Creek in Rockcastle County was not sustained because the New Albany Shale in the drainage basin is a poor source of groundwater. Only a few small pools remained in the Boyle Dolomite that forms the bed of the creek below the shale. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1189 Erodible shales and erosion-resistant siltstones in the Mississippian Borden Formation exposed along U.S. 25, form the hills in northern Rockcastle County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1188 Rockcastle County, 318 square miles in the Pennyroyal and Eastern Kentucky Coal Field Regions, was formed in 1810. The terrain is hilly in the north, rolling karst in the west-central part, and almost mountainous in the south. The highest elevation, 1,638 feet, is on a ridge in the northeast near the Jackson County line. The lowest elevation, 810 feet, is Rockcastle River at the extreme southern tip of the county. The 2006 population, 16,857, was 1.7 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1187 Thick beds of 340-million-year-old Newman Limestone are exposed along U.S. 25 near I-75 in Rockcastle County. Percolating water enlarges cracks and crevices in a process that can produce underground conduits and caves. Sinkholes are formed when the ceiling of an underground cavity collapses. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1186 The 356-acre Lake Linville, with nearly 8 miles of shoreline, provides boating, fishing (bass, crappie, bluegill, and catfish), and lakeside home sites in Rockcastle County. Renfro Creek was dammed in 1968 by the I-75 fill embankment to create the lake. The lake provides water to the Mount Vernon Water Works and is part of a source-water protection area. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1185 Internationally renowned Renfro Valley in Rockcastle County has been providing entertainment and family fun for over 68 years. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1184 The terrain of the Slade Formation in Rockcastle County is gently rolling when limestone dominates and becomes hillier as the shale content increases. The areas of gentle terrain provide soils for agriculture and residential development. Careful planning can reduce conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1183 The Mississippian Newman Limestone is mined for construction aggregate by Hanson Aggregates Midwest Inc. at their Mount Vernon Quarry in Rockcastle County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1182 The terrain of the Slade Formation in Rockcastle County is gently rolling when limestone dominates and becomes hillier as the shale content increases. The areas of gentle terrain provide soils for agriculture and residential development. Careful planning can reduce conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1181 This roadcut along the Mountain Parkway reveals the thickness of the New Albany Shale in western Powell County. The black shale is a potential source of oil. It is unstable on slopes, and may swell when wet and shrink when dry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1180 Shales and siltstone in the Borden Formation are exposed at this roadcut on Ky. 613 in Powell County. The associated steep, hilly terrain results from the combination of erosion-resistant siltstone and highly erodible shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1179 Looking west toward the Bluegrass from Pilot Knob in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1178 The 900-foot-long Nada Tunnel on Ky. 77 was carved through the Corbin Member of the Lee Sandstone in 1910-11 by a railroad. This sandstone provides natural arches, spectacular cliffs, and the enchantment of the Red River Gorge in eastern Powell County. View Location
on Geologic Map
1177 Limestones in the Slade Formation form hillside oases with soils for agriculture. Oil wells in southeastern Powell County penetrate the dolomitic rocks beneath the New Albany Shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1176 Groundwater emerges from limestone in the Slade Formation at this spring along High Rock Road in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1175 Limestones of the Slade Formation are exposed in this cut along High Rock Road in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1174 The Corbin Member of the Lee Sandstone provides natural arches, spectacular cliffs, and the enchantment of the Red River Gorge in eastern Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1173 Hinkle Contracting Corporation excavates limestone aggregate from the Slade Formation near Cow Creek Road in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1172 Powell County, an area of 180 square miles in the Knobs and Eastern Kentucky Coal Field Regions, was formed in 1852. The terrain is characterized by sandstone ridges, steep valley walls, and wide alluvium typical of valleys cut from shale. Knobby hills rim the valleys. Eastern Powell County is famous for its natural sandstone arches and the scenic Red River Gorge. The highest elevation, 1,452 feet, is on Pilot Knob. The lowest elevation, 580 feet, is where the Red River leaves the county. The 2005 population of 13,460 was 1.7 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1171 Streams cutting through shales produce wide valleys rimmed by knobby hills, providing flat land for agriculture and home sites in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1170 Despite the upland location of these Terrace Deposits�clay, silt, sand, and gravels deposited by an ancient river�the terrain has the appearance of a modern river valley in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1169 Shale in the Crab Orchard Formation beneath the Boyle Dolomite is exposed along this roadcut on Ky. 1028 in Powell County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1168 The University of Kentucky College of Agriculture has studied the growth of trees on coal mine spoil piles for several years. These spoil piles have been shown to sustain phenomenal tree growth over a very short time span. Here in Pike County, aprons have been applied at the base of spoil piles made of different rock types to monitor sediment loss as rainwater filters through the piles. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1167 This stretch of the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River is just outside Pikeville on Ky. 1460. Levisa Fork and Russell Fork are the primary sources of public water in Pike County. Levisa Fork provides about 4 million gallons of water per day to the Pikeville Water Department and the Mountain Water District. About half of the residents of Pike County are served by public water. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1166 The Eastern Kentucky Exposition Center in Pikeville provides a variety of entertainment�music, industrial shows, athletic events, and more. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1165 The mountainous topography of Pike County can make road construction difficult. Rights-of-way are often extremely steep, and subject to landslides, as in this case built on the Four Corners Formation in northern Pike County on Ky. 881. View Location
on Geologic Map
1164 Coal mining, both surface and underground, is abundant in Pike County. In the 100 years from 1904 to 2004, the county produced 1.4 billion tons of coal: 1.1 billion from underground mines and 300 million from surface mines. In 2004, the county produced 17,375,051 tons of coal from underground mining and 11,491,708 tons from surface mining. This mountaintop-removal mine on Ky. 881 south of Varney is typical of surface mines in the county. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1163 New Bridge, Ky. 119 Relocation Project, Pike County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1162 This coal tipple is a loading facility for coal trucks and trains near Fishtrap Lake in Pike County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1161 Sediment detention ponds and hollow fills line the perimeter of this reclaimed mountaintop area in Perry County. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agriculture Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1160 The new shopping mall along Ky. 80 in Hazard is directly in front of a surface coal mine on the Four Corners Formation. Many former coal-mine benches such as this are being developed in Perry County, some for residential use and others for commercial use. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1159 Buckhorn Lake State Park lies in the western part of Perry County, but the lake is in both Perry and Leslie Counties. Authorized by the Flook Control Act of 1938, the 1,230-acre lake offers a variety of recreational opportunities. It lies within the Daniel Boone National Forest, and provides flood control downstream and serves as a water supply. In 2005, the lake generated $8.7 million in visitor revenue. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1158 Buckhorn Lake Dam, seen here from the lake, is near the town of Buckhorn in Perry County, about 30 miles west of Hazard. The earthen dam is on the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manages the dam and lake, in conjunction with the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1157 The Perry County airport is built on a reclaimed mountaintop-removal mine near Ky. 15. Aerial photo (2004) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agriculture Imagery Program. View Location
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1156 Coalfield Regional Industrial Park on Ky. 15 near Chavies in Perry County accommodates an influx of commercial enterprises, particularly those dealing with timber. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1155 Perry County, 342 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1821. Hazard, the county seat, did not officially receive its name (after Oliver Hazard Perry) until 1854. The 2006 county population of 29,836 was 1.5 percent greater than that of 2000. The highest elevation, 2,520 feet, is about 1.5 miles southwest of Tilford near the Letcher County line. The lowest elevation, 750 feet, is where the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River leaves the county. Coal mining continues to be the major industry. The courthouse is at right center in front of the Justice Center. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1154 Buckhorn Elementary School is located on Ky. 28 at Buckhorn in Perry County. In many areas, the only available land for development lies in the floodplain of the forks of the Kentucky River or its tributaries. The school is near the confluence of Schoolhouse Branch with Squabble Creek, a tributary of the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1153 Coal mining, both surface and underground, is abundant in Perry County. Since 1912 the county has produced 600 million tons of coal: 260 million from surface mines and 340 million from underground mines. In 2005, the county produced 4.5 million tons of coal from underground mining and 8.1 million tons from surface mining. This surface mine is near Ky. 80 in Hazard. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1152 This cemetery along Ky. 28 near Booneville has the graves of many prominent early settlers of Owsley County, many of whom were born in the late 1700�s. The gravestones in the background are thought to have been placed on top of a preexisting Indian mound. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1151 The South Fork of the Kentucky River floodplain along Ky. 28 near Booneville in Owsley County is a good example of using flood-prone areas for recreational use. Flood damages will be much less than if this area were used for residential or industrial purposes. Photo by Ed Hodges, Bowser-Morner Inc. View Location
on Geologic Map
1150 Owsley County was established in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field in 1843 from parts of Clay, Breathitt, and Estill Counties. It was named after Judge William Owsley. The county seat of Booneville was named after Daniel Boone. The courthouse shown here was built in 1968; two previous courthouses were destroyed by fire. Elevations in the county range from 650 feet where the South Fork of the Kentucky River leaves the county, to 1,720 feet on the Owsley-Clay County line less that 0.5 mile from the Perry County line. The 2004 population of 4,749 was 2.2 percent smaller than that of 2000. Businesses locating in the Lone Oak Industrial Park in Booneville are eligible for a substantial package of Federal and State tax incentives. Photo by Ed Hodges, Bowser- Morner Inc. View Location
on Geologic Map
1149 This mountaintop-removal coal mine near Booneville in Owsley County is slated for residential development after it is reclaimed. During reclamation, the spoil must be carefully compacted to avoid future settlement problems. Proper drainage management is essential at such sites. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1148 This wastewater treatment plant and lift station are located outside Booneville on Ky. 30 in Owsley County. Fifteen percent of the county is on public sewer. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1147 The lumber industry is a very important part of the Owsley County economy. Much of the county is wooded, and provides excellent timber for the industry. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1146 This section of road along Ky. 11 in the Pikeville Formation in southern Owsley County has been shored up after the shoulder collapsed. Roadbeds along steeply dissected terrain are often difficult to maintain. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1145 Sewer-line extension along Ky. 30 in Lerose near Booneville in Owsley County is typical of extensions in the Booneville area. Sewer service is provided to residents in and around Booneville. Over 150 miles of water lines serve 70 percent of the county's residents. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1144 Missippian-age, 350-million-year-old limestone in the Slade Formation is exposed in this roadcut on Ky. 519 in Morgan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1143 Shale in the Pikeville Formation is exposed in this roadcut on Ky. 519 in Morgan County. Shale makes a poor foundation, and construction on shale requires careful management to ensure proper drainage and slope stability. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1142 Alternating bands of sandstones and siltstones (light color) and shales and coals (dark color) in the Four Corners Formation are exposed at this massive roadcut on Ky. 7 in Morgan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1141 Morgan County, 381 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1823. The highest elevation, 1,409 feet, is on a ridge at the headwaters of Lunce Branch and Stone Coal Fork about 1.5 miles southwest of Cannel City. The lowest elevation is the pool level of Paintsville Lake, about 700 feet. Principal areas of flat land are along large streams and, to a lesser extent, on narrow ridges in the northwest. The 2006 population of 14,306 was 2.6 percent greater than that of 2000. The courthouse celebrated its 100th birthday in 2007. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1140 Roadbeds on shale in the Pikeville Formation, like this in Morgan County, often require additional support and drainage. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1139 Proper management of drainage is essential to maintain foundation stability for hillside development of residential homes like this on the Four Corners Formation in Morgan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1138 Sandstone of the Hyden Formation caps the hills that are characteristic of the rugged terrain in eastern and southern Morgan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1137 Terrace deposits and the shale in the Pikeville Formation provide level land for agriculture and homes in Morgan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1136 Massive sandstone in the Grundy Formation towers Cave Run Lake in Morgan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1135 The terrain in northeastern Morgan County underlain by the Pikeville Formation, with shale more predominant, is less rugged and is amenable to limited agriculture. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1134 Monroe County, 331 square miles in the Pennyroyal Region, was formed in 1820. The lowest elevation in the county, about 495 feet, is where the Cumberland River crosses the state line. The highest elevation, 1,141 feet, is near Persimmon. The estimated 2006 population of 11,771 was 0.1 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
1133 Since the first successful well in was drilled in 1922, nearly 1 million barrels of oil have been pumped from beneath the Monroe County. Production was greatest during the 1960's. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1132 Salem and Warsaw Limestone outcrops create a unique landscape above the spring-fed pond at this beautiful home site in Monroe County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1131 Construction aggregate and agricultural lime are produced from the Salem and Warsaw Limestones at the Monroe County Quarry operated by Scotty's Contracting and Stone. Limestone lies at the foundation of virtually every economic and development activity in the county. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1130 Three million barrels of oil have been produced from Metcalfe County wells. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1129 Wetlands on the St. Louis Limestone provide habitat for wildlife. Including ponds and lakes, Metcalfe County has nearly 1,450 acres of wetlands. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1128 The St. Louis Limestone provides rich soils and gently rolling terrain for agriculture in Metcalfe County. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1127 Nearly 1 billion cubic feet from natural gas wells have been produced in Metcalfe County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1126 Edmonton-Metcalfe County Industrial Park. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1125 Transportation to and from the 7-acre Edmonton�Metcalfe County Industrial Park is provided by the Louie B. Nunn Parkway. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1124 The South Fork of the Little Barren River in Metcalfe County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1123 The Montgomery Rock Quarry on Ky. 1243 in Metcalfe County produced construction aggregate and agricultural lime from the Ste. Genevieve Limestone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1122 Slabs of the Reef Limestone of the Fort Payne Formation are exposed near the intersection of Ky. 70 and U.S. 68 in Metcalfe County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1121 Limestone, siltstone and shale in the Fort Payne Formation are exposed in this roadcut near the Louie B. Nunn Parkway in Metcalfe County. A water-loving sycamore feeds from the shale layer that impedes percolating water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1120 The Chattanooga Shale in Metcalfe County makes a poor foundation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1119 The erosion-resistant siltstone in the Fort Payne Formation creates a rugged terrain in Metcalfe County. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1118 Wide alluvial valleys along scenic streams like the South Fork of the Little Barren River in Metcalfe County provide flat land for agriculture and other uses if drainage and flooding are properly managed. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1117 The 350-million-year-old limestone and shale of the Salem and Warsaw Limestones is seen at this roadcut along U.S. 68 north of Edmonton in Metcalfe County. Percolating water dissolves the limestone, forming underground flow channels and creating a karst terrain with numerous sinkholes. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1116 Limestone and shale underlie all of Mercer County. In general, the shale content of the bedrock increases from east to west across the county and the land becomes more rugged. The Clays Ferry Formation in the west has a higher shale content than the Lexington Limestone in the east. Ponds are common in shalier areas. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1115 Rolling hills underlain by shale and limestone in the Clays Ferry Formation in western Mercer County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1114 Alluvium along major streams provides soils for agriculture in Mercer County. The Chaplin River bottomland north of Cornishville is especially broad. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1113 The beautiful Chaplin River sparkles in the springtime sun. It provides a broad valley through the Bluegrass Hills of Mercer County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1112 The Camp Nelson Limestone that forms the Kentucky River Palisades was used by early settlers in Mercer County for building material. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1111 Two hundred years ago, the Shakers believed they were building heaven on earth here at Pleasant Hill in Mercer County; visitors in the springtime can understand why. The Centre Family Dwelling, shown here, was the largest of the 34 original buildings. Limestone from the nearby Kentucky River Palisades was used to construct the building in 1824�25. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1110 Rural residential development in Mercer County near Ky. 152 east of Burgin on the Lexington Limestone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1109 The Lexington Limestone terrain provides fertile soils for agriculture and pleasing sites for rural residential development in Mercer County. Thoughtful planning can balance the needs of both interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1108 In 1774, James Harrod established the first permanent settlement west of the Alleghenies. It is now a Kentucky state park and popular tourist attraction in Mercer County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1107 Mercer County, 251 square miles in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky, was formed in 1786. The population in 2004 was 21,493, a 3.2 percent higher population than in 2000. About 95 percent of Mercer countians have access to public water, and nearly 50 percent have access to sewer service. The bedrock of the county is 450 million-year-old limestone and shale of the Ordovician Period . Elevation in the county ranges from 483 feet at Lock 6 on the Kentucky River to 1,000 feet on a ridge just south of Ky. 152 about 2.5 miles east of the courthouse. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1106 Sixty-six Mercer County men in Tank Battalion 192 fought at the World War II Battle of Bataan in the Philippines in 1942. Twenty-nine died in the battle. The remaining 37 survived the Bataan Death March and 3 years of POW camp to return home. This memorial on U.S. 127 north of Harrodsburg was erected in their honor. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1105 Herrington Lake was created by damming the Dix River in the mid-1920's. The dam was built for hydroelectric power generation and flood protection. Kentucky Utilities owns the dam and the associated E.W. Brown Power Generating Station. The 2,335-acre lake now provides fishing, water sports, camping, and residential living opportunities. As the karst area around the lake is developed, it is imperative that properly functioning onsite wastewater treatment facilities be installed and maintained to prevent pollution of the lake. Aerial photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1104 Mercer Stone excavates stone from the Lexington Limestone in a quarry near the U.S. 127 Bypass east of Harrodsburg, and provides a variety of limestone aggregate products. Photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1103 The wide valley of Slate Creek in Menifee County is typical for streams cutting through shales. Siltstone cliffs and sandstone-capped hills bound the valleys. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1102 Carveable limestone from the Mississippian Renfro Member of the Borden Formation was excavated from these caves in Menifee County. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1101 Clay, silt, sand, and gravel that form alluvial valleys, providing level land for homes and agriculture in Menifee County, may be subject to poor drainage or flooding. The wide valleys of Beaver Creek and Slate Creek are typical for streams cutting through shales. Siltstone cliffs and sandstone-capped hills bound the valleys. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1100 Rockfalls are common in the siltstone and shale of the Cowbell Member of the Mississippian Borden Formation along Ky. 1274 in Menifee County. Shale breaks down when wet, destabilizing the siltstone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1099 The Corbin Sandstone Member of the Pennsylvanian Lee Formation is exposed along U.S. 460 in Menifee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1098 Menifee County is blessed with an abundance of natural beauty. The resistant Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation created Broke Leg Falls. View Location
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1097 Shale and siltstone in the Pennsylvanian Pikeville Formation is seen in this roadcut at the junction of Ky. 746 with U.S. 460 in Menifee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1096 Roadways underlain by shale in the Pikeville Formation in Menifee County may require additional support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1095 Sandstone, coal, siltstone, and shale of the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation is exposed in this roadcut on U.S. 460 southeast of Frenchburg in Menifee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1094 Menifee County, 204 square miles on the western edge of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1869. The northern and western parts of the county are characterized by cliff-lined ridges. The rolling terrain of the south and east has cliffs in the bottoms or midpoints of valley walls. The highest elevation, 1,428 feet, is on a ridge 3/4 mile north-northeast of Fagan. The lowest elevation, 670 feet, is where the Red River leaves the county. The 2005 population of 6,736 was 2.7 percent greater than the 2000 population. There are no traffic lights in the county. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1093 The Indian Creek Quarry of Menifee Stone produces limestone aggregate from the Mississippian Slade Formation. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1092 Timber from the hills capped by the Corbin Sandstone of the Lee Formation contributes to the Menifee County economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1091 The Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation in Menifee County defies wind and rain to preserve the ridgetops. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1090 Three-hundred-fifty-million-year-old shale and siltstone in the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation has been cut through by Slate Creek below the Ky. 713 bridge in Menifee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1089 The Honey Branch Regional Business Park is a public and private development partnership of Floyd, Johnson, Magoffin, Martin, and Pike Counties. Consisting of over 300 acres on a reclaimed mountaintop mining site, the park�s tenants include Schlumberger Inc., an oil and gas well services company, and Consolidated Pipe, a pipe supplier to the region. In addition, Martin County Economic Development Authority has a 50,000-square-foot speculative building located in the park. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1088 Landslide along Ky. 1439 in the unstable shales of the Hyden Formation in Martin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1087 Pavement failures are common for roadbeds cut into the shale of the Hyden Formation in Martin County. Additional support and adequate drainage are required to maintain pavement integrity. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1086 Additional roadbed support and drainage management are required for pavement maintenance on roads cut into the unstable shales of the Hyden Formation in Martin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1085 Construction in the alluvial floodplain must ensure that living spaces are above flood levels, as shown in these homes along Wolf Creek in Martin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1084 Martin County is blessed with an abundance of water. The Tug Fork River (seen above from the Ky. 40 bridge) and Curtis Crum Reservoir provide water to the Martin County Water District. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1083 Sandstone, silstone, shale, and coal in the Four Corners Formation is exposed along the newly aligned Ky. 645 near Inez in Martin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1082 Martin County, 231 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1870. The terrain is mountainous. The only natural flat areas are stream valleys. Surface mining has created flat areas along ridges. The highest elevation, 1,606 feet, is a mountaintop at the headwaters of Hobbs Fork in the southeastern corner of the county. The lowest elevation, 550 feet, is where the Tug Fork leaves the county. 12,240 people lived in the county in 2006 (about 53 people per square mile), a decline of 2.7 percent from 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1081 Sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal of the Princess Formation are exposed along Airport Road in Martin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1080 Coal has been central to the Martin County economy. From 1879 to 2004, 391 million tons were produced: 202 million from underground and 189 million from surface mining. Production declined from a high of 18.1 million tons in 1985 to 6.4 million tons in 2004. Surface mining has changed the face of Martin County. Post-mining land uses have included a federal prison, regional airport, and regional industrial park shown here. Construction on reclaimed areas may require measures to prevent differential settlement of foundations. Aerial photos from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Administration, National Aerial Imagery Program, 2004. View Location
on Geologic Map
1079 Construction on hillsides where shale is present, like this in the Pikeville Formation in Magoffin County, often requires slope support. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1078 Sandstone, siltstone, and coal lie above dark shale in the Pennsylvanian Pikeville Formation exposed at the intersection of U.S. 460 and Ky. 7 in Magoffin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1077 A hillside on the Pikeville Formation in Magoffin County is stripped of trees and the soils ripple slowly downhill under the forces of cattle, moisture, freezing, and thawing. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1076 Sandstone and siltstone overlie shale in the Pikeville Formation along Ky. 3333 in Magoffin County. The roadbed support is typical of that used to prevent pavement failure for roads built on shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1075 The broad valley of the Licking River provides level land for agriculture and communities in Magoffin County. Precautions must be taken to prevent flood damages, drainage problems, or pollution of the water. The new Southside Elementary School is under construction in a meander valley south of Swampton. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1074 Construction of a new bridge on U.S. 460 over the Licking River in Magoffin County. The river is born in the southeast and forms the backbone of the county as it flows to the northwest. Its broad valley provides level land for agriculture and communities. Precautions must be taken to prevent flood damages, drainage problems, or pollution of the water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1073 The Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation supports Jellico Road in Magoffin County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1072 Oil and gas have contributed to the Magoffin County economy. From 1980 through 2005, the county produced 3.4 million barrels of oil and 15.8 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1071 Adults, students, and artist Debra Burchett collaborated to produce this beautiful mural near the Justice Center that depicts historic Salyersville. Magoffin County, 309 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1860. The terrain is generally rugged, except in stream valleys, with ridgetops higher in the south. The highest elevation, 1,640 feet, is on the Floyd County line near the southeastern tip of the county. The lowest elevation, 785 feet, is where the Licking River leaves the county in the northwest. The 2006 population of 13,478 was 1 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1070 Areas underlain by the Boyle Dolomite provide gently rolling terrain for homesites and soils for agriculture in Lincoln County. Wastewater treatment must be properly managed to prevent pollution of groundwater. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1069 Limestone and shale of the 450-million-year-old Ashlock Formation of the Outer Bluegrass are exposed at this roadcut on U.S. 127 near Hustonville in Lincoln County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1068 Areas underlain by the Calloway Creek Limestone in the Outer Bluegrass of Lincoln County generally provide a gently rolling terrain and soils for a strong agricultural economy. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1067 The Green River provides flat alluvial land for agriculture in Lincoln County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1066 The 370-mile-long Green River, longest in Kentucky, begins its journey in Lincoln County and drains an area of over 8,800 square miles in western Kentucky before entering into the Ohio River near Henderson. Along its course it provides flat alluvial land for agriculture and water for communities. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1065 The Stanford Reservoir and nearby Rice Lake in Lincoln County provide water to Stanford Water Works and fishing to local residents. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1064 Areas underlain by Salem and Warsaw Limestones and limestones, siltstones, and shale in the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation in upland areas of Lincoln County generally have rolling terrain that provides for farmland and attractive home sites. Thoughtful planning can reduce conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1063 Siltstone, limestone, and shale in the Renfro Member of the Borden Formation can be seen in this roadcut on Ky. 643 in Lincoln County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1062 The Borden Formation forms the slopes on Muldraugh Hill in Lincoln County and is generally characterized by steep, tree-covered slopes except for a few ridge tops capped by erosion-resistant siltstone or limestone. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1061 Lewis County, named after the explorer Meriwether Lewis, with an area of 484 square miles, was formed in the Outer Bluegrass and Eastern Kentucky Coal Field regions in 1807. The 2005 county population, 13,510, was 4.1 percent smaller than the population in 2000. The topography of the county is hilly to mountainous. The lowest elevation, 485 feet, is the normal pool of the Ohio River on the western boundary. The highest elevation, 1,400 feet, is a knob near the Lewis-Fleming County line, about 2.5 miles south of Petersville. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1060 Slopes of the Ohio Shale are unstable and erode quickly, as seen at this roadcut on the AA Highway south of Vanceburg in Lewis County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1059 Alluvial valleys cut by streams in eastern Lewis County provide land for living and farming. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1058 Sandstones in the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation formed 300 million years ago can be seen in this roadcut on Ky. 10 near Garrison in Lewis County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1057 Clay shales in the Estill Shale of the Crab Orchard Group provide soils for agriculture in the Knobs and Shale Region of Lewis County, but drainage is required. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1056 Clay shales in the Estill Shale of the Crab Orchard Group are favorable for pond construction in Lewis County, but create unstable slopes unless protected. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1055 The Ohio River alluvium in Lewis County provides land for agriculture. The river also provides transportation for industry and water for communities. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1054 The River Sand and Gravel LLC began operations in the Ohio River Alluvium in Lewis County in 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1053 Red and green shales lie at the base of the sandstone in the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation exposed along the AA Highway east of Vanceburg in Lewis County. These shales weather easily and may become plastic when wet. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1052 Sandstones in the Farmers Member of the Borden Formation line the shore along Grassy Fork. Lewis County is blessed with many beautiful streams. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1051 Mining near the Virginia line south of Eolia in Letcher County seen from the air. Surface mines produced 3.8 million tons and underground mines produced 4.8 million tons in 2004. About 80 percent of the 547 million tons produced from 1912 to 2004 came from underground mines. Photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program (2004). View Location
on Geologic Map
1050 The Jenkins quarry produces aggregate from the 340-million-year-old Newman Limestone. Aerial photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1049 Water percolates through cracks and crevices in sandstone, siltstone, and coal in the Pikeville Formation until it hits impermeable shale. Sulfate in the water precipitates out with a distinctive yellow color. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1048 Raven Rock Development is a 680-acre commercial and residential development located in Jenkins. Built primarily on reclaimed mine land, the development consists of an 18-hole public golf course, residential property strategically located near the course, and commercial development properties located along U.S. 23. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1047 From the 355-million-year-old shale in the Mississippian Pennington Formation at the bottom to the 315-million-year-old sandstone in the Lee Formation at the top, nearly 40 million years of the earth's history can be seen in the tilted bands of rocks in Pine Mountain along U.S. 23 at Pound Gap in Letcher County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1046 Fish Pond Lake was created as part of a strip mining reclamation project in Letcher County. The lake provides for fishing, camping, and wildlife habitat. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1045 The severe drought of 2007 reduced Bad Branch Falls in Letcher County to a 60-foot trickle down the Bee Rock Sandstone cliff. Bad Branch is a Kentucky Wild River inside the 2,639-acre state nature preserve. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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1044 The terrain of the county is generally rugged, with communities like Whitesburg in Letcher County seen here from Pine Mountain nestled in valleys. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1043 Mine subsidence can be a problem in some areas. A retaining wall was constructed to stabilize the foundation of this home in Letcher County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1042 Most areas of Letcher County have high levels of iron or sulfur in the groundwater. Iron in water flowing from underground precipitates out with the characteristic iron oxide red color. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1041 Letcher County, 339 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1842. The highest elevation, 3,739 feet, is a peak on Black Mountain at the headwaters of Roberts Branch in the southeastern corner of the county. The lowest elevation, 940 feet, is where the North Fork of the Kentucky River leaves the county. The 2006 human population of 24,420 was 3.4 percent smaller than that of 2000. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1040 Additional support is commonly needed to prevent pavement failure for highways constructed on shale, like this in the Pikeville Formation in Letcher County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1039 From 1980 to 2005, Letcher County produced 3.5 million barrels of oil and 74 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Line Fork Compressor Station photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1038 The dark gray Kendrick Shale lying at the bottom of the sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal in the Hyden Formation is exposed along the Hal Rogers Parkway in Leslie County. Shales in any unit generally make a poor foundation and construction on shale requires careful management of drainage. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1037 Hollow fills at stream headwaters surround this reclaimed mountaintop mining site in Leslie County. Photo (2004) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Aerial Imagery Program. View Location
on Geologic Map
1036 The kudzu plant, an invasive species from East Asia, has expanded rapidly across much of the South, including eastern Kentucky. This stand of kudzu is on Ky. 257 near Dryhill (near the overpass of the Hal Rogers Parkway) in Leslie County. Kudzu can grow as much as 60 feet per season, or 12 inches per day, and vines may extend to over 100 feet in length. The non woody parts are edible. Kudzu also serves to prevent erosion of hillsides, although it can kill plants to which it attaches by blocking vital sunlight. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1035 Leslie County is blessed with an abundance of water. Streams like the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River provide fishing and recreation. Proper treatment of domestic wastewater is essential to maintain the health of the streams. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1034 This small coal seam at the intersection of Ky. 80 and U.S. 421 is typical of coals in the Hyden Formation in Leslie County. Sandstone lies above and shale below. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1033 Proper management of drainage is essential to maintain foundation stability for hillside development for residential homes such as these on a bench cut into the sandstone of the Four Corners Formation in Leslie County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1032 Coal mining continues to be the principal driver behind the economy of Leslie County. This coal tipple is located on U.S. 421 south of Mozelle. In 2004, Leslie County produced 2.7 million tons of coal from underground mines and 1.8 million tons from surface mines. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1031 Leslie County, 404 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1878. The terrain is rugged except in stream valleys. Ridgetop elevations are 1,400 to 1,660 feet in the north and 2,000 to 2,200 feet in the south. The highest elevation, 2,600 feet, is on Peters Knob on the Harlan County line. The lowest elevation, 757 feet, is the normal pool of Buckhorn Lake. The 2006 population of 11,828 was 4.6 percent smaller than that of 2000. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1030 Development along the floodplain of Couch Fork is typical of much of Leslie County. The lowest living space in such homes should lie above flood level. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1029 Limestone of the Mississippian Slade Formation has been extracted from the Yellow Rock Quarry in Lee County for use as construction aggregate. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1028 Lee County is blessed with an abundance of water. The North, South, and Middle Forks of the Kentucky River meet upstream of Heidelberg, the site of Lock and Dam 14. The dam (seen from the Albert Updyke Ky. 399 bridge) was completed in 1917 as the last in the system from Heidelberg to the Ohio River. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geologic- al Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1027 High-level fluvial deposits of sand, silt, clay, and gravel carried by an ancient North Fork of the Kentucky River create a distinctive terrain and provide level land for agriculture in Lee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1026 Lee County is blessed with an abundance of water. The North, South, and Middle Forks of the Kentucky River meet upstream of Heidelberg, the site of Lock and Dam 14. The North Fork of the Kentucky River, seen here from the Ky. 2016 bridge near Airedale, provides water to the Beattyville Water Plant. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geologic- al Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1025 Alluvial valleys in Lee County provide level land and soils for agriculture, sports fields, and other compatible uses. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1024 Coal is trucked to the Sturgeon Mining facility east of Beattyville for processing. Coal plays a minor role in the Lee County economy�8.5 million tons have been produced in the county since 1790. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1023 Layers of shale, siltstone, and sandstone in the Grundy Formation are exposed along Ky. 52 east of Beattyville in Lee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1022 Lee County, 210 square miles on the western edge of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1870 and named after Gen. Robert E. Lee. The terrain is generally rugged except for ridgetops and stream valleys. The lowest elevation, 610 feet, is where the Kentucky River leaves the county. The highest elevation, 1,367 feet, is a ridge on the Owsley County line about 1 mile east of Ky. 708. The 2006 population of 7,775 was 1.8 percent smaller than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1021 The shales in the Upper Member of the Breathitt Formation, lying atop the Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation, provide some level land on ridgetops in Lee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1020 Pump jacks are a common sight in Lee County. On February 21, 1918, the No. 1 Ephraim (�Eph�) Angel well was successfully completed and confirmed the discovery of a major oil resource: the Big Sinking Oil Field. The Big Sinking Oil Field, mostly within Lee County, is Kentucky�s only giant oil field. Oil production in Lee County reached a peak of 2.6 million barrels in 1965 and remained above 1 million barrels per year from 1960 to 1975. Lee County has produced 87 million barrels of oil since 1918, second only to Henderson County. Currently, Lee County remains one of Kentucky�s top five oil producing counties with more than 180,000 barrels per year. Secondary injection of air and water into wells has increased productivity. The oil is hauled by truck to the Catlettsburg Refinery operated by Marathon Petroleum near Ashland, Kentucky. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1019 The thick, massive Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation is exposed along Ky. 11 in Lee County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1018 Sandstone, siltstone, and shale above the Princess No. 7 coal in the Princess Formation are exposed in this cut northwest of Louisa in Lawrence County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1017 Pavement failure seen on Ky. 3 built on shales of the Conemaugh Formation in Lawrence County. Construction on shale often requires additional foundation support, whether for roads or buildings. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1016 Shale and siltstone in the Monongahela and Conemaugh Formation are exposed along Ky. 3 in Lawrence County. The shale provides a poor foundation and may swell when wet and shrink when dry. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1015 Alluvial valleys provide level land for homes and agriculture in Lawrence County. Development in stream valleys must take possible drainage and flooding problems into account. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1014 Oil and gas have contributed to the Lawrence County economy. From 1980 through 2005, 1.45 million barrels of oil and 19.5 billion cubic feet of natural gas were produced. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1013 Shale and siltstone in the Pikeville Formation along Ky. 1624 in Lawrence County exhibits crumbly appearance. Shale breaks down quickly when exposed to air and water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1012 The Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation is exposed along Ky 1624 in Lawrence County. Wells drilled into this sandstone along valley bottoms generally yield enough for a domestic water supply. Weathering creates cavities in the surface of the granular rock. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1011 Mining activities near Peach Orchard can be seen in this aerial photo. Underground mining produced 1 million tons in 2004 and surface mines produced 214,000 tons. From 1838 to 2004, Lawrence County produced 26.9 million tons of coal, 19.1 million by surface mining. Photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program (2004). View Location
on Geologic Map
1010 Louisa, the county seat of Lawrence County, lies at the confluence of the Tug and Levisa Forks, which flow together to form the Big Sandy River. The abundant water resources of the county provide for transportation, power gener- ation, recreation, and drinking water. Aerial photo by the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program (2004). View Location
on Geologic Map
1009 Yatesville Lake provides 2,242 acres of fishing, boating, and swimming in Lawrence County. The 20.6-mile lake has 93.9 miles of shoreline for camping, hiking, hunting, picnicking, and nature watching. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1008 Lawrence County, 419 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was first surveyed by George Washington in 1767. It was established as a county in 1822. The highest elevation in the county, 1,320 feet, is along a ridge on the Morgan County line. The lowest elevation, 515 feet, is where the Big Sandy River leaves the county. The 2006 population of 16,269 was 4.5 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1007 Construction on unconsolidated material in Lawrence County often requires additional foundation support, whether for roads such as Ky. 1185 or buildings. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1006 American Electric Power provides 175,000 customers in 20 counties with 1,060 megawatts of electricity from the Big Sandy coal-fired plant in Lawrence County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1005 The 19.2-mile-long Laurel River Lake provides 5,600 acres and 206 miles of shoreline for outdoor recreation and family outings in Laurel County. The average depth of the lake is 65 feet. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1004 Except for the sandstone-capped hills in the Hyden Formation in the far southeast, the terrain in southern and eastern Laurel County, underlain by the shalier Pikeville Formation, is less rugged than in the west and north where sandstones of the Alvy Creek, Bee Rock, and Corbin Member of the Grundy Formation are dominant. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1003 Shale in the Pikeville Formation is exposed along the Hal Rogers Parkway in Laurel County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1002 Wide stream valleys in the Pikeville Formation in Laurel County are characteristic of alluvium in areas underlain by shale, and provide level land and soils for row-crop agriculture and rural residential development. Thoughtful planning can reduce conflicting interests. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1001 Wide stream valleys in the Pikeville Formation are characteristic of alluvium in areas underlain by shale, and provide level land and soils for row-crop agriculture and rural residential development in Laurel County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
1000 The highest point in the Laurel County, 1760 feet, is a peak capped by sandstone in the Hyden Formation southeast of Blackwater. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
999 The Laurel Ridge Landfill, operated by Waste Connections Inc., sits atop the Pikeville and Grundy Formations. The landfill can produce 4.8 megawatts of electricity from methane gas at its Eastern Kentucky Power Cooperative unit. Photo courtesy of WCI of Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
998 AISIN Automotive Casting LLC near Lily in Laurel County has received numerous awards for product quality and commitment to environmental protection. Its 650 employees produce over $200 million worth of cast aluminum automotive parts annually. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
997 The Rockcastle River below the 1930's Old Sublimity Bridge at the Bee Rock Recreation Area in Laurel County. This 15.9-mile reach from Billows to Lake Cumberland is part of the Kentucky Wild Rivers Program. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
996 Shale member of the Paragon Formation is exposed along Ky. 192 near the Bee Rock Recreation Area in Laurel County. Shale can present drainage and stability problems. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
995 The earth and rockfill 282-foot-high, 1,420-foot-long Laurel River Lake dam in Laurel County was built in 1964�74 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide recreation, drinking water, and hydropower. The average annual energy production is 67 million kilowatt hours. The Sandstone Member of the Grundy Formation is exposed in the cliff. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
994 Roadcut along Ky. 1193 in Laurel County reveals sandstone, siltstone, and shale of the Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation. Seepage occurs at the impermeable shale interface. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
993 Ponds are common on the shales of the Pikeville Formation in Laurel County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
992 Laurel County, 436 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1826. The Rockcastle River forms the western and northern boundaries of the county. The lowest elevation, 723 feet, is where the Rockcastle joins the Cumberland River. The highest elevation, 1,760 feet, is a peak in the southeast on the Knox County line. The 2006 population of 56,979 was 8.1 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
991 The Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation sits atop the shale, siltstone, and sandstone of the Grundy Formation in a roadcut on Ky. 909 in Laurel County. Seepage occurs when downward-percolating water encounters the impermeable shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
990 When rains are heavy, a 26-foot-high, 19,536-foot-long levee and floodgate system protects downtown Barbourville in Knox County from Cumberland River flooding. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
989 Hollow fills are a vestige of mining operations on hilltops in eastern Knox County. Coal has made a significant contribution to the local economy: 75.3 million tons, 25.5 million tons from surface mines and 34.5 million tons from underground mines, were produced from 1890�2004. Photo by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Aerial Imagery Program (2004). View Location
on Geologic Map
988 Alluvial valleys in Knox County, subject to drainage problems and flooding, provide level land and soils for agriculture and other compatible uses. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
987 Sandstone intrudes on the landscape in the rugged hills of eastern Knox County. Sandstone from the Pikeville Formation lies in massive boulders on a hillside along Ky. 718. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
986 Sandstone intrudes on the landscape in the rugged hills of eastern Knox County. Sandstone in the Pikeville Formation arches over Acorn Fork Road. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
985 Sandstone in the Hyden Formation in the Knox County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
984 Sandstone in the Four Corners Formation forms cliffs and caps the hills in Knox County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
983 Siltstone, sandstone, and shale in the Grundy Formation are exposed along U.S. 25E near Flat Lick in Knox County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
982 Shales in the Grundy Formation create a gently rolling terrain in Knox County. View Location
on Geologic Map
981 A thick sandstone bed lies above an equally thick shale bed in the Pikeville Formation at this roadcut along U.S. 25E near Barbourville in Knox County. Trees and vegetation are fed by water seeping at the impermeable interface. Pockets where shale has collapsed can be seen; drainage and slope stability are concerns when constructing on shale. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
980 This blowout occurred on the morning of 04/18/05 near the Knott-Floyd County line, just west of the town of Garrett. Photographs of the blowout were taken just hours after the event was reported. The mine was the Consol James Fork Mine, operational during the late �80's and early �90's as an above-drainage room-and-pillar mine in the Hazard No. 4 seam. Photos courtesy of Kentucky Division of Abandoned Mine Lands. View Location
on Geologic Map
979 Coal plays a central role in the Knott County economy; from 1921� 2004, 330 million tons�212 underground and 118 surface and auger�was mined. The 13.6 million tons in 2004 was the second highest annual production. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
978 Alluvium in Knott County provides level land suitable for recreation and other uses if drainage and potential flooding are properly considered. Siltstone, sandstone, clay shale, and coal in the Pikeville Formation are exposed at the roadcut on Ky. 7 in the background. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
977 Auger mining in the Pikeville Formation, Knott County. View Location
on Geologic Map
976 Alice Lloyd College in Knott County is widely recognized as a highly respected, private, four-year, liberal arts institution dedicated to providing leadership education to some of the brightest and best students in the Appalachian region. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
975 Cut-and-fill foundation preparation is common in steep-sloping areas, like this on the Hyden Formation in Knott County. Slope stability and proper drainage must be considered, particularly where shales are present. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
974 Carr Fork Lake in Knott County provides habitat for wildlife. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
973 Carr Fork Lake, 710 acres and 24 miles of shoreline, provides swimming, fishing, boating, water sports, camping, hiking, and wildlife habitat to visitors to Knott County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
972 Knott County, 352 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1884. The highest point in the county, 2,360 feet, is at the head of Arnold Fork at the Knott-Letcher-Pike County junction. The lowest elevation, 675 feet, is the confluence of Jones Fork and the Right Fork of Beaver Creek. The 2006 population of 17,489 was 1 percent less than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
971 Coal, sandstone, and shale of the Four Corners Formation are exposed along Ky. 80 in Knott County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
970 Lexington Limestone soils provide for an agricultural economy in Harrison County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
969 Sandstone in the Pikeville Formation exposed along Ky. 302 near Van Lear, Johnson County, reveals characteristic vertical cracks along which percolating water flows until it reaches an impermeable shale layer. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
968 Mining activities in the Princess Formation in the southeastern part of Johnson County are shown in this aerial photo (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Services Administration, National Agricultural Imagery Program.) Coal has been important to the economy. From 1879 through 2004, 98.1 million tons were produced: 58 million from underground mines, 29 million from surface mines, and 11.1 million by early small operations. View Location
on Geologic Map
967 Johnson County is blessed with an abundance of water. Alluvial valleys of the Levisa Fork and other large streams provide level land for building and agriculture. The possibility of flooding and drainage problems must be addressed for any land use in the floodplain. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
966 Johnson County, 262 square miles in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1843. The topography is rugged, with flat areas along larger streams. The highest point in the county, 1,508 feet, is Stuffley Knob, about 2 miles southeast of Oil Springs. The lowest elevation, 550 feet, is where the Levisa Fork leaves the county. The 2006 population of 24,098 was 2.8 percent greater than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
965 Sandstone dominates the landscape and caps the hills and ridges in Johnson County. A massive block of the Pennsylvanian Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation hovers over this garage. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
964 From 1980 through 2005, Johnson County produced 21.7 billion cubic feet of natural gas and 766,400 barrels of oil. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
963 Alluvial valleys of streams in Johnson County provide level land for building and agriculture. The possibility of flooding and drainage problems must be addressed for any land use in the floodplain. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
962 Sandstone dominates the landscape in Johnson County. The Pennsylvanian Corbin Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation is exposed along streams in the northwest. Ky. 172 cuts through it. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
961 Shales in the Pikeville Formation, exposed here along Ky. 172 in Johnson County, provide a poor foundation and are unstable on slopes; additional support was required to prevent pavement failure. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
960 Paintsville Lake offers 1,140 acres of boating, water sports, and fishing in Johnson County. The 242-acre state park provides camping and hiking facilities. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
959 Childhood home place of country music singer Loretta Lynn. Described in the song "Coal Miners Daughter" and is located "in a cabin on a hill in Butcher Holler." Butcher Holler (also known as Butcher Hollow) is part of the community of Van Lear in Johnson County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
958 Shales in the Pikeville Formation provide a poor foundation and are unstable on slopes. Hillside construction of roads and homes on shale in Johnson County often requires additional support and drainage management to ensure slope stability. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
957 Shale predominates over limestone in the Kope Formation in Harrison County. Steep, rolling, mammillary topography is characteristic of such areas. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
956 Several rural residential developments on the Clays Ferry Formation are under way near Cynthiana. Serenity Place, a planned unit development of 33 1- to 5-acre lots, lies northeast of the city off of U.S. 62. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
955 The South Fork of the Licking River is the water source for most of Harrison County. Winter rains have swollen the river, seen here looking downstream from the U.S. 27 bridge, increasing turbidity levels and triggering a drinking-water advisory by Cynthiana Municipal Water. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
954 Harrison County Courthouse, Main Street, Cynthiana. Original courthouse in the National Register of Historic Places, 1974. New Courthouse in background on lower lefthand side. Harrison County, 310 square miles in the Bluegrass Region, was formed in 1794. The 2004 population was 18,256, a 1.5 percent increase over that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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953 New construction underway in the Lexington Limestone at the Cynthiana/Harrison County Business Park off of U.S. 62. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
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952 The 350-million-year-old Newman Limestone is quarried off U.S. 421 in Harlan County for construction aggregate and agricultural lime. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
951 The difficulties of sandstone excavation can be imagined when looking at the 300-million-year-old Bee Rock Sandstone Member of the Lee Formation exposed along U.S. 421 near the base of Pine Mountain in Harlan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
950 The 3,090-acre Blanton Forest State Nature Preserve in Harlan County is the largest old-growth forest in Kentucky. The 10-acre Camp Blanton has five cabins, a large dining hall and kitchen, restrooms and showers, and recreational oppor-tunities including canoeing, swimming, a firing range, and hiking trails. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
949 Kudzu, an invasive species from East Asia, grows to impressive displays throughout Harlan County and southeastern Kentucky. It can grow 12 inches in a day or 60 feet in a season. The non woody parts are edible. Studies have shown that kudzu can reduce both hangovers and alcohol cravings. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
948 Harlan County is blessed with natural beauty created from sandstone formations such as Log Rock in the Alvy Creek Formation, Kingdom Come State Park. View Location
on Geologic Map
947 Construction in Harlan County on slopes underlain by shale or unconsolidated material, like this in the Grundy Formation, require additional support for stability. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
946 Shale in the Pikeville Formation weathers quickly and exhibits a characteristic crumbly appearance when exposed, as seen in this roadcut on Ky. 160 in Harlan County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
945 In an attempt to diversify its economy, eastern Kentucky is promoting itself as "nature's playground." Harlan County has miles of off-road sport vehicle and hiking trails, campsites, and spectacular ridgetop views. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
944 In an attempt to diversify its economy, eastern Kentucky is promoting itself as "nature's playground." Harlan County has miles of off-road sport vehicle and hiking trails, campsites, and spectacular ridgetop views. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
943 Alluvial valleys in Harlan County provide level land for development, agriculture, and transportation if drainage and flooding problems are addressed. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
942 From 1910 to 2004, Harlan County produced over 917 million tons of coal, of which 823 million was from underground mines. View Location
on Geologic Map
941 Harlan County, 467 square miles of the most rugged terrain in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, was formed in 1819. Great mountain ridges, including Pine Mountain, cross the county from southwest to northeast. All communities are in narrow, level valley bottoms. The highest elevation in Kentucky, 4,145 feet, is a peak on Black Mountain about 3 1/2 miles south-southeast of Lynch. The lowest elevation in the county, 1,070 feet, is where the Cumberland River leaves the county. The 2006 population of 31,257 was 5.6 percent smaller than that of 2000. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
940 The Cumberland River and its tributaries define the settlement patterns in Harlan County. Flooding has been a historical problem. Cutoffs may reduce local flood damages, but resulting isolated meanders like this in Loyall may create unanticipated secondary impacts. Photos by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
939 The Cumberland River and its tributaries define the settlement patterns in Harlan County. Flooding has been a historical problem. Cutoffs such as this one in Loyall, although preventing flooding, leave isolated meanders that may create unanticipated secondary impacts. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
920 Looking downstream at the low flood plain of Richland Creek from the Mark Halley Rd., Harrison Co., KY. Hills in background are underlain by Ordovician Clays Ferry and Kope Formations. View Location
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919 Ford of Laurel Hill Road over the Little Kentucky River in November after a long drought as seen from nearby US-42. The Little Kentucky River valley is very scenic. View Location
on Geologic Map
918 Looking up the Little Kentucky River from the ford of Laurel Hill Road, Trimble County, KY. Bedrock consists of Upper Ordovician limestone units. View Location
on Geologic Map
917 Mud-filled, solution-enlarged joints in Jeffersonville Limestone (Devonian) on east side of US-42 at junction of Gene Snyder Freeway. These features are a major road construction problem. View Location
on Geologic Map
916 Sagamon Soil (reddish zone) overlain by Farmdale and Peoria Loess in pit off Lower River Road at Bon Harbor Hills, near Owensboro, Daviess County KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
915 Looking upstream at Henderson Island in the Ohio River at Henderson. Modern river alluvium exposed on banks. View Location
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914 Looking upstream at the Ohio River north of Uniontown, Union County, KY. Here the Ohio River is very wide and majestic Cypress trees still can be seen in abandoned nearby bayous. View Location
on Geologic Map
913 Small pit in Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Gravel along KY-164 in southwestern Trigg County. The Tuscaloosa Gravel is one of the most interesting and understudied units in western Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
912 Outlier of Tuscaloosa Gravel (Cretaceous) exposed in low hill on west side of KY-139 south of Cadiz in Trigg County. Now a low hill, this outlier may represent deposition in a pre-Cretaceous sinkhole. View Location
on Geologic Map
911 Historical plaque of the Stacker Furnace near Lake Barkley in Trigg County, KY. The source of the iron was ferruginous-cemented regolith formed during long, Tertiary weathering of the Fort Payne and Salem/Warsaw Formations. View Location
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910 Construction site on Jefferson St. in Cadiz showing thick regolith above the Salem Limestone. Careful mapping of regolith in urban areas would be a valuable contribution to urban planners and engineers. View Location
on Geologic Map
909 Looking north across the upper, infrequently flooded floodplain of the Ohio River from Lower River Road west of riverport at Bon Harbor Hills near Henderson. Farm fields overlie Carey outwash deposits. View Location
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908 Looking northeast up flooded mouth of Dry Creek on Barkley Lake from Linton, southwestern Trigg Co. KY. Hills in background are St. Louis Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
907 Mud mound rising over a green shale and a fallen block from it in the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation on Greasy Creek southeast of Jamestown, Russel Co. KY. This is the most spectacular Waulsortian Mound to be found on Lake Cumberland (Lewis and Potter, 197?, Greb and others, 2008) View Location
on Geologic Map
906 Looking southeast at the lower and middle portion of the Ordovician Kope Formation on KY-9 in Wilder, Campbell County. View Location
on Geologic Map
903 Johnson Creek Covered Bridge, 4 miles north of Blue Licks Battlefield State Resort Park, along SR KY-1029. Picture taken during Geochemical Sediment Sampling Program, summer season 2004. Johnson Creek flows across alluvial valley developed on Clays Ferry Formation (Middle to Upper Ordovician). Adjacent hillsides comprised of Kope Formation (Upper Ordovician). See additional comments in Full Description section. View Location
on Geologic Map
901 Oldtown Covered Bridge over Little Sandy River, 14 miles south of Greenup, near intersection KY-1 and Frazer Branch Road. Little Sandy River flows across alluvial valley developed on Lower Pennsylvanian Grundy Formation (Breathitt Group). Hillsides comprised of Hyden and Pikeville Formations (Middle Pennsylvanian). See additional comments in Full Description section. View Location
on Geologic Map
892 Colville Covered Bridge over Hinkston Creek, 4 miles northwest of Millersburg, along KY-3118 (Colville Road). Built in 1877 (restored 2001). Hinkston Creek flows across alluvial valley developed on Tanglewood Limestone Member of Lexington Limestone (Middle Ordovician). Adjacent hillsides comprised of Millersburg Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
889 Walcott Covered Bridge over Locust Creek, 5 miles north of Brooksville, at roadside park along KY-9 (AA Highway). Bridge was moved upstream from original location. Picture taken during Geochemical Sediment Sampling Program, summer season 2004. Locust Creek flows across exposed bedrock of Point Pleasant Tongue of Clays Ferry Formation (Middle to Upper Ordovician). Kope Formation (Upper Ordovician) along hillsides. See longer description and additional black/white photo with caption by Paul Potter. View Location
on Geologic Map
887 Red River Gorge area ("Nada loop"), view along trail under Sky Bridge View Location
on Geologic Map
886 Red River Gorge area ("Nada loop"), view of underside of Sky Bridge showing liesegang (iron) banding. View Location
on Geologic Map
885 Red River Gorge area ("Nada loop"), north face of Sky Bridge showing plane of fracture associated with arch formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
884 Red River Gorge area ("Nada loop"), view under Sky Bridge View Location
on Geologic Map
883 On top of Sky Bridge looking west View Location
on Geologic Map
882 Liesegang (iron) banding on top of Sky Bridge, Red River Gorge View Location
on Geologic Map
881 Scenic view along Sky Bridge Trail, Red River Gorge Geological Area. View Location
on Geologic Map
880 View of Sky Bridge from Ky. 715 in the Red River Gorge Geological Area. View Location
on Geologic Map
879 Red River Gorge Area: Sky Bridge View Location
on Geologic Map
878 Fall of Bell Branch View Location
on Geologic Map
877 Falls of Bell Branch View Location
on Geologic Map
876 Gladie Channel View Location
on Geologic Map
875 Zone of fossil stromotoporoids in the Tanglewood Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone (Ordovician). View Location
on Geologic Map
874 Small, old landslide along Rt. 1166, Perry County, Ky. Slide is behind houses in foreground. Note small rock outcrop near head/top of slide. View Location
on Geologic Map
873 Colluvium, accumulation zone (Ca), approx. 15 ft thick; silt-sized particles to large rocks, matrix supported, largest clast is approx. 1.5 ft by .5 ft. by ?. Base of Ca in contact with Alluvium in stream. Approx. 25% gravel, 25% sand, 40% silt, and 10 % clay, Low plasticity. USCS field identification ranges from a Silty Gravel (GM) to Silty Sand (SM). View Location
on Geologic Map
872 Kope Formation limestone bed with ripple marks exposed on bedrock surface. View Location
on Geologic Map
871 Drilling in the Triana 1 Stafford, permit 101659, a deep test in Clark County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
870 Looking upstream along the Ohio River from landing at Stout, OH. the Ohio Shale and Bedford, Berea, and Borden Formations underlie the hills in background. View Location
on Geologic Map
869 Looking across abandoned Ohio River chute at a farm scene near Dover, KY. Valley in glacial outwash deposits, hillside and side slopes are Kope Formation, and ridgetop is Fairview Formation and higher. View Location
on Geologic Map
868 Spurlock power plant near Dover, KY from KY-8. View Location
on Geologic Map
867 Bioturbated, evenly bedded sandstone in Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation (Grundy) along north side of I-64. Note shale-filled channel at right. This is the topographically highest point in the area, and therefore the only exposure of these strata in the region. View Location
on Geologic Map
866 Irregularly bedded channel fill deposit of the Pennsylvanian Caseyville Sandstone, three miles east of Hawesville, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
865 Looking southeas into Kentucky and the bridge of US-51 between Cairo, IL and Wickliffe, Kentucky. Low Holocene shoreline is visible on the far Kentucky bank. Picture taken from the Delta Queen. View Location
on Geologic Map
864 View of the eroded bank developed in lacustrine and fluvial deposits of Quaternary age. Just upstream from the I-24 bridge over the Tennessee River in Livingston County below Kentucky Dam. View Location
on Geologic Map
863 Looking upstream and east at Owens(?) Island from the landing at Paducah, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
862 Winter landscape scene looking across Richland Creek in Pendleton County. Ridge in background is Tanglewood Limestone capped by high level fluvial deposits. Valley underlain by Point Pleasant Tongue of Clays Ferry Formation. The tracks in the road were made by a farmer checking his cattle. View Location
on Geologic Map
861 View of the Licking River Valley from Pughs Ferry Road. Rolling hills underlain by shale-rich Kope and Clays Ferry Formations and lowlands composed of stream alluvium and terrace deposits. View Location
on Geologic Map
859 Levee along the Ohio River at Dayton, KY. Constructed on Quaternary-age stream alluvium. This levee protects a group of small houses and businesses. View Location
on Geologic Map
858 Typical Outer Bluegrass topography of concave slopes formed by weathering of shale rich units. Fairview Formation with up to 50% limestone beds caps ridges, while shale-rich Kope Formation underlies valleys. View Location
on Geologic Map
856 Waulsortian mud mounds in the lower Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian) on KY-61 seven miles north of Burkesville, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
855 Kope-Fairview contact at base of large cut along KY-17 north of Independence. This cut is near vertical and covered by wire net to protect traffic from falling rock debree. View Location
on Geologic Map
854 Golconda and Hardinsburg Formations (Chesterian) on the northwest side of the Western Kentucky Parkway at Milepoint 15.3, east of Princeton exit. View Location
on Geologic Map
853 Contact of Chattanooga Shale underlying Cumberland Formation southwest of Creelsboro along KY-379 in Russel County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
852 Unusually good outcrop of the Cumberland Formation just west of McMillans ferry crossing over the Cumberland River in Cumberland Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
851 Symmetrical shallow anticline in Fort Payne Formation at KY-87 bridge over Lime Creek. Such anticlines are unusual in the Fort Payne, and their origin is uncertain. View Location
on Geologic Map
850 Contrasting colors of reddish-brown Lafayette Gravel (Pliocene-Miocene) stored in a pit of whitish-gray Cretaceuos Tuscaloosa Gravel, Livingston County. View Location
on Geologic Map
849 Stratigraphy of parts of the Mississippian Borden and Slade Formations as seen looking northwest on US-421, southeast of Big Hill, KY View Location
on Geologic Map
848 Looking upstream into the "narrows" of Ohio River at Anderson Ferry, Cincinnati, Ohio. Hillslopes are underlain by Kope formation and KY-8 has many landslides along this section. Here, KY-8 barely clings to the unstable colluvium on this cut bank. View Location
on Geologic Map
847 Kope Formation in valley of Banklick Creek as seen from Rolling Hills Drive off of KY-17 in Kenton County. View Location
on Geologic Map
846 Looking southeast from Ohio River at Ferry landing in Augusta, KY. Buildings constructed on alluvial terrace deposit. View Location
on Geologic Map
845 Abandoned quarry with an almost complete section of the Point Pleasant Formation along KY-8, two miles east of Willow Grove. The top of the Point Pleasant is so far above river level here because of a spur anticline off the Cincinnati Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
844 Low hills of the Shelbyville astrobleme as seen from KY-1056 about two miles east of junction with KY-43. View Location
on Geologic Map
843 Looking downstream at the Red River from bridge at Dot, Logan County, KY. St. Louis Limestone forms bedrock. View Location
on Geologic Map
842 Chattanooga Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) outcrop looking east across I-65 from the junction of KY-61 and 251 south of Shepardsville, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
841 Loess deposit in new cut behind shopping center on Anderson Road (near Exit 186 of I-75) at Crescent Springs, Kenton County, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
840 Outer Bluegrass topography as seen from US-27 north of Cynthiana. There appear to be several topographic levels here produced by the interbedding of shale and limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
838 Slide remediation work on new roadcut in Borden Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
837 View of the Knobs from mile point 14.5 on the Bluegrass Parkway in Nelson County. Photo by Jerry Weisenfluh, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
836 Close up of Laurel Dolomite bedding at mp 20.8 View Location
on Geologic Map
835 Laurel Dolomite in unconformable contact with Beechwood Limestone (near top of cut) View Location
on Geologic Map
834 Laurel Dolomite at mp 21.7 View Location
on Geologic Map
833 Laurel Dolomite bedding at mp 24.5 (east of exit) View Location
on Geologic Map
832 Close up of dolomitic limestone in Rowland Member at mp 27.9 View Location
on Geologic Map
831 Limestone in the Rowland Member of Drakes Formation is exposed along the Martha Layne Collins Parkway in the Outer Bluegrass of Nelson County. Photo by Jerry Weisenfluh, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
830 Close up of Grant Lake bedding at mp 32.3 View Location
on Geologic Map
829 Grant Lake bedding at mp 32.3 View Location
on Geologic Map
828 Close up of Grant Lake bedding at mp 35.1 View Location
on Geologic Map
827 Grant Lake Limestone bedding at mp 35.1 View Location
on Geologic Map
826 Close up of Calloway Creek bedding at mp 36.5 View Location
on Geologic Map
825 Calloway Creek bedding at mp 36.5 View Location
on Geologic Map
824 View Location
on Geologic Map
823 Calloway Creek bedding at mp 37.3 View Location
on Geologic Map
822 Close up of Clays Ferry bedding at mp 39.1 View Location
on Geologic Map
821 Clays Ferry bedding character at mp 39.1 View Location
on Geologic Map
820 Detail of disturbed bedding showing rounded clasts characteristic of flow rolls (seismites). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
819 Detail of disturbed bedding in overturned flow rolls (seismites). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
818 Detail of disturbed bedding in overturned flow rolls (seismites). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
817 Detail of disturbed bedding in overturned flow rolls (seismites). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
816 Overturned bedding in a flow roll (seismite). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
815 Detail of debris. View Location
on Geologic Map
814 This stromatoporoid is relatively intact and in growth position, however broken and rounded debris indicates it may have been transported during a storm or earthquake event. View Location
on Geologic Map
813 Stromatoporoid (debris layer) View Location
on Geologic Map
812 Stromatoporoid (deformed) View Location
on Geologic Map
811 Fault (small offset, down to north, shows rotation) View Location
on Geologic Map
810 Fault (2-3 meter offset, down to south) View Location
on Geologic Map
809 Fault (2-3 meter offset, down to south) View Location
on Geologic Map
808 The outcrop behind Peaks Mill Elementary is a geology learning laboratory. View Location
on Geologic Map
807 Detail showing broken pieces of bryozoa, "moss animals". View Location
on Geologic Map
806 Flowing water (tides and waves) make different shaped beds as their depth, direction, and energy change. Some layers have more fossils than others. View Location
on Geologic Map
805 Flowing water (tides and waves) make different shaped beds as their depth, direction, and energy change. View Location
on Geologic Map
804 The beds have varying amounts of broken fossils (lighter colored spots) View Location
on Geologic Map
803 The knife is now in the trough of a ripple. View Location
on Geologic Map
802 A closer view of the rippled bedding with the pocket knife for scale. View Location
on Geologic Map
801 Rippled bedding surface (knife is sitting on the crest of one ripple). View Location
on Geologic Map
800 A disturbed zone (flow roll, seismite) is exposed near the top of this rock wall. Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
799 Sometimes the surface of a layer is exposed in the sea long enough for animal waste, algae, and others to accumulate. The iron concentrated by these chemicals can rust as the rock weathers. These layers can sometimes be traced across many miles. View Location
on Geologic Map
798 Sometimes the surface of a layer is exposed in the sea long enough for animal waste, algae, and others to accumulate. The iron concentrated by these chemicals can rust as the rock weathers. View Location
on Geologic Map
797 As overlying beds accumulate, their weight compresses underlying beds squeezing out water and compacting the sediment as it turns into rock. View Location
on Geologic Map
796 Thicker and thinner beds, ripples and crossbedding View Location
on Geologic Map
795 Currents can also cause the sediment to collect into alternating mounds and troughs known as ripples. The rock layer on top filled in the ripples on the lower layer. View Location
on Geologic Map
794 On fresh rock surfaces, the crossbedding is often harder to see. View Location
on Geologic Map
793 Crossbedding indicates the direction and energy of the flowing water when these rocks were deposited. Note that different layers have different crossbedding directions often referred to as a "herring bone" pattern. View Location
on Geologic Map
792 Crossbedding indicates the direction and energy of the flowing water when these rocks were deposited. View Location
on Geologic Map
791 Crossbedding indicates the direction and energy of the flowing water when these rocks were deposited. View Location
on Geologic Map
790 Outcrop showing variation in color and bed thickness, features typically noticed by anyone. View Location
on Geologic Map
789 Detail of disturbed bedding showing rounded clasts characteristic of flow rolls (seismites). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
788 Detail of disturbed bedding showing rounded clasts characteristic of flow rolls (seismites). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
787 Outcrop showing flat-lying, undisturbed beds above and below a disturbed zone (flow roll, seismite). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
786 Disturbed beds overlain by normal bedding. Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
785 Flow roll showing high energy water escapement structure ("teepee"). Location not in Ettensohn guidebook. View Location
on Geologic Map
784 Sedimentary features etched by differential weathering View Location
on Geologic Map
783 Sedimentary features etched by differential weathering View Location
on Geologic Map
782 Sedimentary features etched by differential weathering View Location
on Geologic Map
781 Sedimentary features etched by differential weathering View Location
on Geologic Map
780 Sedimentary features etched by differential weathering View Location
on Geologic Map
779 Sedimentary features etched by differential weathering View Location
on Geologic Map
778 Sedimentary features etched by differential weathering View Location
on Geologic Map
777 Flow roll showing high energy scour of beds below disturbed zone (seismite, "gutter") View Location
on Geologic Map
776 Flow roll showing high energy scour of beds below disturbed zone (seismite, "gutter") View Location
on Geologic Map
775 Flow roll showing high energy scour of beds below disturbed zone (seismite, "gutter") View Location
on Geologic Map
774 High energy flow roll with rounded clasts showing bedding in a completely homogenized matrix. View Location
on Geologic Map
745 Looking north at Waulsortian mud mounds in the lower Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian) along KY 61 about 7 miles north of Burkesville, Cumberland Co., KY. See Kraus and Meyer, 2004. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v.74, no. 6, p. 831-844. View Location
on Geologic Map
743 Looking northwest at the contact of the Chattanooga Shale with underlying Silurian limestones at the curve of KY 100. View Location
on Geologic Map
741 Looking east at a typical exposure of regolith of the Warsaw Formation on KY 87, Monroe Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
738 Big South Fork of the Cumberland River, McCreary County. View Location
on Geologic Map
737 Natural Arch. View Location
on Geologic Map
736 Intertonguing deposits along U.S. 27. View Location
on Geologic Map
735 View of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. View Location
on Geologic Map
734 Possible Mississipian/Pennsylvanian contact. View Location
on Geologic Map
733 Acid mine drainage reclamation efforts on Rock Creek. View Location
on Geologic Map
732 Rock Creek. View Location
on Geologic Map
730 Sandstone outcrop along US 27. View Location
on Geologic Map
727 Looking southeast along the old 3L Road at a typical winter Outer Bluegrass landscape in near its junction with US 27 south of Falmouth, Pendleton Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
726 Looking north along the valley of Fishing Creek, a very straight, dip slope stream, draining to Lake Cumberland, as seen from KY 635, Pulaski Co., KY. The Borden Formation underlies most of the watershed of Fishing Creek, and has low infiltration capacity. Thus, Fishing Creek is very subject to flooding. View Location
on Geologic Map
725 Looking north along a tributary valley of the Cumberland River from KY 358 west of Creelsboro, Russell Co., KY. These valleys are very suitable for pasture land. View Location
on Geologic Map
724 Looking southeast at the Bugtussle General Store on KY 87 at Bugtussle just north of the KY-TN state line in Monroe Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
723 Looking west along Sulphur Creek(a small tributary valley to the Cumberland River) from KY 214 about 1.5 miles west of McMillians Ferry over the Cumberland River in Monroe Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
722 Looking upstream and south at the Barren River from bridge of KY 87 south of Fountain Run, Monroe Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
721 Piping in small first-order stream draining an over pastured hillside north of Persimmon Grove on KY 1121, Campbell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
720 Looking east at typical Outer Bluegrass dissection from KY 17 in northern Pendleton Co., KY. See also picture number 858. View Location
on Geologic Map
719 Looking at a large sinkhole on US 31 E northeast of Glasgow, Barren Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
717 Looking southeast at ford across Lick Creek east of Akersville, Monroe Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
715 Well washed packstones of Cane Valley Formation just south of junction of KY 61 and 449 south of Burkesville, Adair Co., KY. See Meyer and others, 1977. View Location
on Geologic Map
714 Looking Northwest toward Rock Knob, an outlier of Mississippian limestones on the crest of the Cincinnati Arch, as seen from the church yard on KY 70 just east of Bethel Ridge on the 1:24,000 Mintonville Quadrangle, Casey Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
712 Looking downstream toward old pre-Illinoian divide at Anderson Ferry from River's Breeze Condominium, Ludlow, Kenton Co., KY. This is one of the best places to see the topography of the Illinois diversion of the Ohio River away from its course north of Cincinnati. View Location
on Geologic Map
694 Exposure of Peoria Loess in Bon Harbor Hills in Daviess County. View Location
on Geologic Map
693 Loess (light brown, above trowel) above weathered, laminated lacustrine sediment with possible alluvial interbeds; this deposit is located in a small Hancock County valley adjacent to the Ohio River Valley. View Location
on Geologic Map
692 One of several salt springs still visible at Big Bone Lick State Park; during the Pleistocene and Holocene, these springs attracted large mammals who licked the salt deposits. In the 19th century, these waters were considered medicinal by tourists from throughout the Midwest. View Location
on Geologic Map
691 View west along Hickman Creek near Camp Nelson in southern Jessamine County, just downstream from Sugar Creek Pike. View Location
on Geologic Map
690 View along Green River in Ohio County, roughly halfway between Rochester Dam and TVA Paradise power plant. View Location
on Geologic Map
689 View across the Late Pleistocene low terrace of Ohio River Valley in Daviess County, with loess-mantled uplands of the Bon Harbor Hills in the distance. The loess bluff in the left center of the image is the Kevco mine site and loess exposure. View Location
on Geologic Map
688 View east along West Parrish Avenue in Owensboro, showing terrace scarp between higher Pleistocene lacustrine deposit on left (south) and younger Pleistocene Green River paleovalley on left. At this location, the terrace scarp is capped by a sand dune, emphasizing the topographic relief. View Location
on Geologic Map
687 Outcrop of crossbedded Corbin Sandstone (Pennsylvanian) beside Original Trail in Natural Bridge State Park. The characteristic honeycomb weathering pattern results from differential weathering of the sandstone cement. View Location
on Geologic Map
686 Limestone of the Beechwood Member (Devonian), containing abundant Dolatocrinus crinoid fragments. View Location
on Geologic Map
685 Colonial coral in the Bardstown Member of the Ordovician Drakes Formation, near the Bluegrass Parkway bridge over the Rolling Fork, Bardstown. View Location
on Geologic Map
683 Kope-Fairview contact on west side of KY 17 at big cut with wire netting, about 1.0 mile north of Independence, Kenton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
682 Looking northeast at the northern outcrop of Waulsortian mud mounds in the lower Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian) exposed on KY 61 about seven miles north of Burkesville, Cumberland Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
681 Late Wisconsinon loess above polygenetic soil on weatherd Coryville Member (?) behind Rempke Market in Buttermilk Shopping Center at Anderson and Buttermilk Roads, Crescent Springs, KY., Kenton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
680 Chattanooga Shale outcrop at curve on KY 1578, Allen Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
679 Ancient river channel cut into the Mississippian Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation. This channel is filled with shale and sandstone of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, Greenup Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
678 Sandstones, shales, clays, and thin coals of the Breathitt Formation along U.S. 23, Boyd Co., KY. The Princess No. 7 coal is poorly exposed in this roadcut. The Fault present in the middle of outcrop has displaced the prominent sandstone bed from its original position. View Location
on Geologic Map
677 Channel in Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation along U.S. 23, Boyd Co., KY. Outcrop is below a shopping center. View Location
on Geologic Map
676 Rockfall of large sandstone blocks from massive sandstone exposed near top of roadcut. Rockfalls occur rapidly and without warning, leading to property damage and loss of life. Overhanging rocks should be removed, where possible, and areas below avoided. View Location
on Geologic Map
675 Floodplain and terraces of Tygarts Creek, displaying abandoned meander currently used as a farm pond. View Location
on Geologic Map
674 Mississippian-Pennsylvanian systemic boundary in large roadcut along Highway 10, Greenup Co. Roadcut exposes the entire Olive Hill Clay Bed of the Breathitt Formation illustrating a sharp channel cut into Mississippian limestones. View Location
on Geologic Map
673 Berea Sandstone, Sunbury Shale, Henley Bed, and Farmers Member of the Borden Formation, KY 10, Lewis Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
672 Farmers, Nancy, and Cowbell Members of the Borden Formation along KY 10, Lewis Co. Note downcutting into the top of the Farmers Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
671 Angular unconformity (truncated channel) between the inclined sandstone beds and overlying black shale and sandstone of the Breathitt Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
670 Olive Hill Clay Bed of the Breathitt Formation, which underlies sandstone fill of an ancient river channel. Flint Hill Clay Bed is mined throughout northeastern Kentucky to produce bricks used in high-temperature furnaces. View Location
on Geologic Map
669 Erosional contact (Unconformity) between Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation and underlying Mississippian Newman Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
668 Cowbell Member of the Borden Formation, KY. 9, Carter Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
667 Ruins of the Boone iron furnace, KY. 9, Carter Co. north of AA Highway. The furnace was built in 1856 and was one of hundreds of charcoal-fired furnaces of the Hanging Rock Iron District of southern Ohio and northeastern Kentucky. Daily consumption of pig iron ranged from 10 to 15 tons, used for the manufacture of railroad equipment. Iron ore was mined from the nearby Slade Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
666 Spectacular roadcut exposing much of the Ohio Shale along KY. 9 and 10. Distinctive thin beds near top are called the Three Lick Bed. View Location
on Geologic Map
665 Contact of the Bisher Dolomite and the Crab Orchard Formation at mile 18.1 of KY 9/10, Lewis County. A fault is present in the center of this roadcut. View Location
on Geologic Map
664 Contact of Silurian Bisher Dolomite with overlying Devonian Ohio Shale. Dolomite heavily stained by pyrite weathering. Silurian-Devonian unconformity is located at the top of the first bench. Outcrop is Herron Hill, Lewis Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
663 Deformed bed in the upper part of the Fairview Formation, U.S. 62, Mason Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
662 Low-angle thrust fault in the Fairview Formation, Mason Co., KY. See Potter et al., 2001, Map and Chart Series 19 for more details. View Location
on Geologic Map
661 Typical soft-sediment deformation in the Point Pleasant Tongue of the Clays Ferry Formation. Note the ball and pillow structures at base and probable mud flow bed at top. View Location
on Geologic Map
660 Walcott covered bridge adjacent to the AA Highway, Bracken Co., KY. This original bridge was built in 1824 and used to 1954 and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. View Location
on Geologic Map
659 Abandoned valley of the preglacial Licking River and ice-margin (Illinoian) Ohio River. Modern Flagg Spring Creek currently occupies this broad valley, Campbell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
658 Lithified glacial drift (Illinoian) in abandoned valley on KY 10, near AA Highway. View Location
on Geologic Map
657 Small thrust fault and associated deformed bedding in the Kope Formation, KY. 9, Campbell Co. View Location
on Geologic Map
656 Contact of the Fairview and Kope Formation on north side of AA Highway between miles 5.5 and 5.8 of KY. 9, Campbell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
655 Wide open, abandoned preglacial valley of the Licking River, Campbell Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
654 Mississippian Borden Formation: Cowbell, Nancy, and Farmers Members in descending order in a spectacular roadcut just east of Vanceburg, KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
653 Exposure of the Moscow Anticline, dip of beds is approximate with dip of road. Anticline associated with the Cincinnati Arch, Bracken Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
652 Clays Ferry bedding at Bluegrass Parkway mp 44 View Location
on Geologic Map
651 Clays Ferry bedding character at mp 39.9 View Location
on Geologic Map
650 Generalized correlation diagram showing relations of mapped units below the St. Louis Limestone in the Howardstown, Hibernia, and Summersville GQs View Location
on Geologic Map
649 Generalized correlation diagram of Greensburg, Soloma, and Raywick GQs View Location
on Geologic Map
648 Generalized correlation diagram of Spurlington quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
647 Schematic diagram showing relationship of mapped units of the Borden Formation in the Clementsville and adjacent GQ's View Location
on Geologic Map
646 Schematic diagram SW NE, Gresham GQ (GQ-421) View Location
on Geologic Map
645 Fence diagram of Russell Springs GQ showing the approximate configuration and interformational relationship of the sandstone unit along north and west edges of the quadrangle with three E-W spurs View Location
on Geologic Map
644 Schematic diagram SW NE, Dunnville GQ (GQ-367) View Location
on Geologic Map
643 Fence diagram of Montpelier GQ showing the approximate configuration and the interformational relationship of the sandstone unit along the N and E edges of the GQ with two E-W spurs View Location
on Geologic Map
642 Schematic diagram of Knifley GQ showing approximate configuration and interformational relationship of sandstone unit View Location
on Geologic Map
641 Cross section A-A', Hibernia GQ (GQ-1352) View Location
on Geologic Map
640 Cross section A-A', Munfordville GQ (GQ-1055) View Location
on Geologic Map
639 Cross section A-A', Hammonville GQ (GQ-1051) View Location
on Geologic Map
638 Cross section A-A', Upton GQ (GQ-1000) View Location
on Geologic Map
637 Cross section A-A', Canmer GQ (GQ-816) View Location
on Geologic Map
636 Cross section A-A', Exie GQ (GQ-752) View Location
on Geologic Map
635 Cross section A-A', Greensburg GQ (GQ-739) View Location
on Geologic Map
634 Cross section A-A', Center GQ (GQ-693) View Location
on Geologic Map
633 Cross section A-A', Park GQ (GQ-634) View Location
on Geologic Map
632 Cross section A-A', Mannsville GQ (GQ-562) View Location
on Geologic Map
631 Cross section A-A', Horse Cave GQ (GQ-558) View Location
on Geologic Map
630 Cross section A-A', Sulphur Well GQ (GQ-555) View Location
on Geologic Map
629 Cross section A-A', Campbellsville GQ (GQ-448) View Location
on Geologic Map
628 Cross section A-A', Gresham GQ (GQ-421) View Location
on Geologic Map
627 Cross section A-A', East Fork GQ (GQ-413) View Location
on Geologic Map
626 Cross section A-A', Hiseville GQ (GQ-401) View Location
on Geologic Map
625 Cross section B-B', Russell Springs GQ (GQ-383) View Location
on Geologic Map
624 Cross section A-A', Russell Springs GQ (GQ-383) View Location
on Geologic Map
623 Cross section A-A', Cane Valley GQ (GQ-369) View Location
on Geologic Map
622 Cross section E-E', Dunnville GQ (GQ-367) View Location
on Geologic Map
621 Cross section D-D', Dunnville GQ (GQ-367) View Location
on Geologic Map
620 Cross section C-C', Dunnville GQ (GQ-367) View Location
on Geologic Map
619 Cross section B-B', Dunnville GQ (GQ-367) View Location
on Geologic Map
618 Cross section A-A', Dunnville GQ (GQ-367) View Location
on Geologic Map
617 Cross section A-A', Glasgow North GQ (GQ-339) View Location
on Geologic Map
616 Cross section A-A', Montpelier GQ (GQ-337) View Location
on Geologic Map
615 Cross section A-A', Knifley GQ (GQ-294) View Location
on Geologic Map
614 Cross section A-A', Columbia GQ (GQ-249) View Location
on Geologic Map
613 Cross section A-A', Gradyville GQ (GQ-233) View Location
on Geologic Map
612 Contact of the Brassfield Formation and the Drakes Formation at Mile 25.6 of Ky. 9, Lewis Co. The Silurian-Ordovician unconformity is present just above the bench in this outcrop. Far distant hills are edge of Mississippian Plateau (Appalachian Basin). Thin, darker interval in upper-most Drakes Formation is maroon shale - western distal edge of Queenston Delta. View Location
on Geologic Map
611 Contact of the Bull Fork Formation and Grant Lake Limestone on the north side of the AA Highway at mile 7.3, Mason Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
610 Livingston Creek with deeply entrenched clay banks typical of a stream in karst terrain at bridge of KY 295 about 2 miles southeast of Dycusburg, Lyon Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
608 Western valley wall and flood plain of Kentucky River about 0.3 miles south of the junction of KY55 and 389 south of Carrollton, Carroll Co., KY. At right is a good view of the late Wisconsin backwater fill of this part of the Kentucky River. View Location
on Geologic Map
607 Shale-limestone interbeds of Ordovician Fairview Formation on I-275 just south of the Ohio River, Boone Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
606 Small sinkhole developed on Mississippian Ste. Genevieve Limestone on the farm of the Western Kentucky University Agricultural Center, southwest of Bowling Green, Warren Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
605 Flooded sinkhole (dead trees) developed on Mississippian Ste. Genevieve Limestone on the farm of the Western Kentucky University Agricultural Center, southwest of Bowling Green, Warren Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
604 Soil pit dug in deep terra rosa soil of the Pembroke Series on the Agricultural Center of Western Kentucky University, southwest of Bowling Green, Warren Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
603 Soil pit dug in deep terra rosa soil of the Pembroke Series on the Agricultural Center of Western Kentucky University, southwest of Bowling Green, Warren Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
602 Outcrop of Mississippian Borden Formation including the Cowbell, Nancy, and Farmers Members in descending order; Route 6, Lewis Co., Ky. See Potter and others (1991). View Location
on Geologic Map
601 Middle Mississippian carbonate section in abandoned Wago Quarry in 1-C-52, Clinton Co., KY. Richard D. Lewis for scale. Figure 30 from Lewis and Potter (1978). View Location
on Geologic Map
600 Pennyryle sinkhole plain with Dripping Springs Escarpment in the distance. Looking west from Prewitts Knob, southwest of Cave City, Barren Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
599 Crossbedded Big Clifty Sandstone (Mississippian) along Clifty Creek in 20-M-40 southwest of Big Clifty, Grayson Co., Ky. This thick development of the Big Clifty seems likely to be a tidal delta and deserves much attention. View Location
on Geologic Map
598 Spectacular outcrop of Big Clifty Sandstone (Mississippian) about 1500 ft northwest of bridge on U.S. 62 and Paducah and Louisville RR over Clifty Creek. Big Clifty quadrangle, Grayson Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
597 Waulsortian mud mound at base of Mississippian Fort Payne Formation, Salt Lick Creek at ford just east of Akersville, Monroe Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
596 Waulsortian mud mound at base of Mississippian Fort Payne Formation, Salt Lick Creek at ford just east of Akersville, Monroe Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
595 Black shale (Devonian-Mississippian) and overlying Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian) at Austin Landing, Barren Lake Reservoir, Barren Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
594 Borden Formation at King's Mountain cut of Southern R.R. in Lincoln County, Kentucky shows truncation of anticline in shales of Nancy Member by siltstones of overlying Halls Gap Member. Note truncated anticline. View Location
on Geologic Map
593 Berea Sandstone overlies the Bedford Shale along the AA Highway, KY 546 just east of Vanceberg, Lewis Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
592 Borden Formation capped by white weathering Newman Limestone and Pennsylvanian. Cut on U.S. 23 south of Limeville, Greenup Co., Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
591 Pennsylvanian rests on Mississippian Borden Formation along U.S. 23 south of Limeville, Greepup Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
590 Reef core at the "Jump Off" as seen from the floodplain of the Cumberland River below Wolf Creek Dam, Creelsboro quadrangle. See same geology from low altitude oblique air photo. See Greb and others (2008). View Location
on Geologic Map
589 Low altitude, oblique air photography of the Mississippian Waulsortian mound of the Cane Valley Limestone that underlie the "Jump Off" along the Cumberland River, below Wolf Creek Dam in Russel Co., Ky. (Creelsboro Quad). View Location
on Geologic Map
588 Thick, detrital carbonate bank in Mississippian Fort Payne Formation along KY 61 about 2 miles south of the Kentucky River, in 13-C-50, Cumberland Co., Ky. (Frogue Quad). See Meyer and others (1997). View Location
on Geologic Map
587 Isolatead turbidite bed in Mississippian Fort Payne Formation below Wolf Creek Dam in 7-E-53, Russell Co., Ky. (Creelsboro Quad). View Location
on Geologic Map
586 Dark shale with brown dolomite beds of Mississippian Fort Payne Formation on KY 1730 about 2 miles west of Wolf Creek Dam, Russel Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
585 Mississippian Cane Valley Limestone of the Fort Payne Formation on KY 551 (David Butler Road) about 2 miles north of Columbia. These bedding planes, exposed in an abandoned quarry, dip to the southwest perpendicular to the Borden Front. View Location
on Geologic Map
584 Type section of the Knifley Sandstone Member of Mississippian age. The top of the bluff is about 280 ft above the reservoir. View is NE from Green River Lake opposite boat ramp, Adair Co., KY. Here the Knifley is a bioturbated, coarsening upward marine sandstone that developed during a local shoaling along the Cincinnati Arch. See Sedimentation Seminar C. View Location
on Geologic Map
583 Rhythmic bedding in shaly, silty dolomite represents the deep water "turbidite" facies of the Fort Payne Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
582 Mississippian Berea Sandstone in abandoned quarry on KY 1306, just south of Garrison, Lewis Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
579 Cross section A-A', Lola GQ (GQ-1288) View Location
on Geologic Map
578 Cross section A-A', Cave in Rock GQ (GQ-1201) View Location
on Geologic Map
577 Cross section B-B', Burna GQ (GQ-1150) View Location
on Geologic Map
576 Cross section A-A', Burna GQ (GQ-1150) View Location
on Geologic Map
575 Cross section A-A', Dycusburg GQ (GQ-1149) View Location
on Geologic Map
574 Cross Section showing thickness and lithology of formations in the vicinity of lock and dam no. 53 View Location
on Geologic Map
573 Cross Section showing thickness and lithology of formations in the vicinity of lock and dam no. 53 View Location
on Geologic Map
572 Cross section B-B', Bandana and Olmsted GQ (GQ-799) View Location
on Geologic Map
571 Cross section A-A', Bandana and Olmsted GQ (GQ-799) View Location
on Geologic Map
570 Cross section A-A', Repton GQ (GQ-754) View Location
on Geologic Map
569 Cross section A-A', Calvert City GQ (GQ-731) View Location
on Geologic Map
568 Cross section B-B', Smithland GQ (GQ-657) View Location
on Geologic Map
567 Cross section A-A', Smithland GQ (GQ-657) View Location
on Geologic Map
566 Cross section A-A', Joppa GQ (GQ-652) View Location
on Geologic Map
564 Fence diagram of Joppa GQ showing variations in lithology of the upper half of the undivided Clayton and McNairy Formations and part of the overlying continental deposits, silt and sand deposits and loess in the Shawnee Steam Plant area View Location
on Geologic Map
563 Cross section B-B', Fredonia GQ (GQ-607) View Location
on Geologic Map
562 Cross section A-A', Fredonia GQ (GQ-607) View Location
on Geologic Map
561 Cross section A-A', Heath GQ (GQ-561) View Location
on Geologic Map
560 Cross section D-D', Paducah West and part of the Metropolis GQ (GQ-557) View Location
on Geologic Map
559 Cross section C-C', Paducah West and part of the Metropolis GQ (GQ-557) View Location
on Geologic Map
558 Cross section B-B', Paducah West and part of the Metropolis GQ (GQ-557) View Location
on Geologic Map
557 Cross section A-A', Paducah West and part of the Metropolis GQ (GQ-557) View Location
on Geologic Map
556 Cross section B-B', Little Cypress GQ (GQ-554) View Location
on Geologic Map
555 Cross section A-A', Little Cypress GQ (GQ-554) View Location
on Geologic Map
554 Cross section A-A', Marion GQ (GQ-547) View Location
on Geologic Map
553 Cross section A-A', Golconda GQ (GQ-546) View Location
on Geologic Map
552 Cross section A-A', Paducah East GQ (GQ-531) View Location
on Geologic Map
551 Cross section B-B', Shetlerville and Rosiclare GQ (GQ-400) View Location
on Geologic Map
550 Cross section A-A', Shetlerville and Rosiclare GQ (GQ-400) View Location
on Geologic Map
549 Cross section A-A', Grand Rivers GQ (GQ-328) View Location
on Geologic Map
548 Cross section A-A', Eddyville GQ (GQ-255) View Location
on Geologic Map
547 Cross section A-A', Salem GQ (GQ-206) View Location
on Geologic Map
545 Streambank and pavement support are required for roadbeds cut into slopes underlain by shale along streams in Knott County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
544 A sea of humpbacked hills capped with sandstone loom over narrow valleys in Knott County. Photo by Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey.
542 Elk reintroduction is part of the creation of wildlife management areas for post-mining reclamation land use in Knott County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey.
541 This goose pond is an example of the creation of wildlife management areas for post-mining reclamation land use in Knott County. Photo by Bart Davidson, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
540 Big Clifty Sandstone in roadcut on Ky. 88 west of Munfordville, Hart County. View Location
on Geologic Map
539 Hurst Falls at Cove Springs Park in Franklin County. The Curdsville Limestone Member of the Lexington Limestone is exposed at the falls. The Tyrone Limestone is exposed in the pool at the base of the falls. Photo by Brandon Nuttall, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
538 Detail of fissile New Albany Shale weathering and pyrite expansion along the Bluegrass Parkway, Nelson County. View Location
on Geologic Map
537 The New Albany Shale, Nelson County, Bluegrass Parkway near MM 11. View Location
on Geologic Map
536 Vertical fracturing in the New Albany Shale near the north end of construction site for industrial park near Shepherdsville, Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
534 Contact of the New Albany Shale overlying the Beechwood Member of the Sellersburg Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
532 New Albany Shale, I-65 Exit 112, Bullitt County, showing draping of sediment over underlying remnant of the Beechwood Member of the Sellersburg Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
531 Outcrop of the Ohio Shale in Rowan County, Eastern Kentucky. View Location
on Geologic Map
530 Correlation chart showing differences in nomenclature used in the area surrounding the northeast corner of North Pleasureville GQ View Location
on Geologic Map
529 Cross section from Taylorsville GQ showing unconsolidated sediment exposed in a trench dug perpendicular to the river in the right bank of the Salt River at the site of the proposed Taylorsville dam. View Location
on Geologic Map
528 Cross section A-A', Smithfield GQ (GQ-1371) View Location
on Geologic Map
527 Cross section A-A', Shelbyville GQ (GQ-1258) View Location
on Geologic Map
526 Cross section B-B', Waddy GQ (GQ-1255) View Location
on Geologic Map
525 Cross section A-A', Waddy GQ (GQ-1255) View Location
on Geologic Map
524 Column of mapped units within the Shepherdsville quadrangle compared to equivalent units on diagrammatic restored cross section of Borden Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
523 Column of mapped units within the Shepherdsville quadrangle compared to equivalent units on diagrammatic restored cross section View Location
on Geologic Map
522 Cross section A-A', Gracey GQ (GQ-753) View Location
on Geologic Map
521 Cross section A-A', Johnson Hollow GQ (GQ-722) View Location
on Geologic Map
520 Generalized correlation diagram showing relation between Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis Limestones View Location
on Geologic Map
519 Cross section A-A', Cobb GQ (GQ-710) View Location
on Geologic Map
518 Cross section A-A', Pembroke GQ (GQ-709) View Location
on Geologic Map
517 Cross section A-A', Roaring Spring GQ (GQ-658) View Location
on Geologic Map
516 Cross section A-A', Hopkinsville GQ (GQ-651) View Location
on Geologic Map
515 Cross section A-A', Elkton GQ (GQ-650) View Location
on Geologic Map
514 Cross section A-A', Lamasco GQ (GQ-608) View Location
on Geologic Map
513 Cross section A-A', Caledonia GQ (GQ-604) View Location
on Geologic Map
512 Generalized correlation diagram showing relation between Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis Limestones View Location
on Geologic Map
511 Cross section A-A', Herndon GQ (GQ-572) View Location
on Geologic Map
510 Cross section A-A', Oak Grove GQ (GQ-565) View Location
on Geologic Map
509 Cross section A-A', Church Hill GQ (GQ-556) View Location
on Geologic Map
508 Cross section A-A', Olmstead GQ (GQ-553) View Location
on Geologic Map
507 Cross section A-A', Hammacksville GQ (GQ-540) View Location
on Geologic Map
506 Cross section A-A', Guthrie GQ (GQ-539) View Location
on Geologic Map
505 Cross section A-A', Allensville GQ (GQ-502) View Location
on Geologic Map
504 Cross section A-A', Sharon Grove GQ (GQ-482) View Location
on Geologic Map
503 Cross section A-A', Allegre GQ (GQ-446) View Location
on Geologic Map
502 Cross section A-A', Allegre GQ (GQ-446) View Location
on Geologic Map
501 Cross section B-B', Cadiz GQ (GQ-412) View Location
on Geologic Map
500 Cross section A-A', Cadiz GQ (GQ-412) View Location
on Geologic Map
499 Cross section A-A', Model GQ (GQ-409) View Location
on Geologic Map
498 Cross section A-A', Honey Grove GQ (GQ-376) View Location
on Geologic Map
497 Cross section A-A', Pleasant Green Hill GQ (GQ-321) View Location
on Geologic Map
496 Cross section A-A', Kelly GQ (GQ-307) View Location
on Geologic Map
495 Cross section A-A', Canton GQ (GQ-279) View Location
on Geologic Map
493 Cross section A-A', Utica GQ (GQ-995) View Location
on Geologic Map
492 Cross section A-A', Owensboro West GQ (GQ-890) View Location
on Geologic Map
491 Cross section A-A', Sutherland GQ (GQ-839) View Location
on Geologic Map
490 Cross section A-A', Owensboro East GQ (GQ-751) View Location
on Geologic Map
489 Cross section A-A', Rockport and Lewisport GQ (GQ-315) View Location
on Geologic Map
488 Cross section A-A', Dixon GQ (GQ-1293) View Location
on Geologic Map
487 Cross section A-A', Uniontown and Wabash Island GQ (GQ-1291) View Location
on Geologic Map
486 Cross section A-A', Bordley GQ (GQ-1275) View Location
on Geologic Map
485 Cross section A-A', Sturgis GQ (GQ-1273) View Location
on Geologic Map
484 Cross section A-A', Morganfield GQ (GQ-1269) View Location
on Geologic Map
483 Cross section A-A', Calhoun GQ (GQ-1239) View Location
on Geologic Map
482 Cross section A-A', Sebree GQ (GQ-1238) View Location
on Geologic Map
481 Cross section A-A', Beech Grove GQ (GQ-1230) View Location
on Geologic Map
480 Cross section A-A', Waverly GQ (GQ-1220) View Location
on Geologic Map
479 Cross section A-A', Delaware GQ (GQ-1087) View Location
on Geologic Map
478 Cross section A-A', Glenville GQ (GQ-1046) View Location
on Geologic Map
477 Thickness of the Hitz Limestone Bed of the Saluda Dolomite Member, Madison West Quadrangle
476 Stratigraphic relations in the Grant Lake Limestone to Drakes Formation interval, Bedford Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
474 Map showing the stratigraphic relations of the Marble Hill bed to adjoining units, Bedford Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
473 Stratigraphic and lithologic relations in the Kope to Drakes interval, Campbellsburg Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
472 Lithologic variation in the Clays Ferry to Fairview interval, Worthville Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
471 Cross section B-B', Worthville GQ (GQ-1265) View Location
on Geologic Map
470 Cross section A-A', Worthville GQ (GQ-1265) View Location
on Geologic Map
469 Lithologic variation in the Clays Ferry to Fairview interval, New Liberty Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
468 Fence diagram showing stratigraphic relations in the Kope - Clays Ferry interval, Claysville Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
467 Lithologic variation in the Kope to Clays Ferry interval, Mason Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
466 Cross section A-A', Berry GQ (GQ-1284) View Location
on Geologic Map
465 Cross section B-B', Berlin GQ (GQ-1256) View Location
on Geologic Map
464 Cross section A-A', Berlin GQ (GQ-1256) View Location
on Geologic Map
463 Lithologic variation in the Kope, Clays Ferry, Calloway Creek and Fairview formations, Owenton Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
462 Stratigraphic relationships in the Kope and Clays Ferry Formations, Lawrenceville Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
461 Kope to Grier stratigraphic relations, Kelat Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
460 Cross section A-A', Verona GQ (GQ-819) View Location
on Geologic Map
459 Cross section A-A', Independence GQ (GQ-785) View Location
on Geologic Map
458 Cross section A-A', Union GQ (GQ-779) View Location
on Geologic Map
457 Cross section A-A', Lebanon West GQ (GQ-1509) View Location
on Geologic Map
456 Cross section A-A', Gravel Switch GQ (GQ-1506) View Location
on Geologic Map
455 Stratigraphic relations of the Borden Formation, Pitts Point Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
454 Cross section A-A', Saint Catharine GQ (GQ-1252) View Location
on Geologic Map
453 Pre-middle Devonian paleosurface, Raywick Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
452 Cross section A-A', Bardstown GQ (GQ-825) View Location
on Geologic Map
451 Block diagram showing restored pre-Beechwood erosion surface, Samuels GQ View Location
on Geologic Map
450 Cross section A-A', Hodgenville GQ (GQ-749) View Location
on Geologic Map
449 Cross section A-A', Shepherdsville GQ (GQ-740) View Location
on Geologic Map
448 Lithologic variation within the Borden Formation, Shepherdsville Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
447 Diagrammatic cross section showing depositional character of Borden Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
446 Cross section A-A', Cravens GQ (GQ-737) View Location
on Geologic Map
445 Cross section A-A', Vine Grove GQ (GQ-645) View Location
on Geologic Map
444 Cross section A-A', Lebanon Junction GQ (GQ-603) View Location
on Geologic Map
443 Cross section A-A', Colesburg GQ (GQ-602) View Location
on Geologic Map
442 Lithologic variation of lacustrine and alluvial deposits, Colesburg Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
441 Cross section A-A', Nelsonville GQ (GQ-564) View Location
on Geologic Map
440 Cross section A-A', Tonieville GQ (GQ-560) View Location
on Geologic Map
439 Cross section A-A', Elizabethtown GQ (GQ-559) View Location
on Geologic Map
438 Cross section A-A', New Haven GQ (GQ-506) View Location
on Geologic Map
437 Diagrammatic cross section showing stratigraphic relations of the Borden Formation, Howardstown Quadrangle View Location
on Geologic Map
436 Cross section A-A', Howardstown GQ (GQ-505) View Location
on Geologic Map
435 Cross section A-A', Sonora GQ (GQ-492) View Location
on Geologic Map
434 Cross section A-A', Cecilia GQ (GQ-263) View Location
on Geologic Map
432 Cross Section A-A', Lewisburg GQ (GQ-830) View Location
on Geologic Map
431 Cross Section A-A', Russellville GQ (GQ-714) View Location
on Geologic Map
430 Cross Section A-A', Adairville GQ (GQ-569) View Location
on Geologic Map
429 Cross Section A-A', Dot GQ (GQ-568) View Location
on Geologic Map
428 Stratigraphic relations within the Girkin Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
427 Cross Section B-B', Homer GQ (GQ-549) View Location
on Geologic Map
426 Cross Section A-A', Homer GQ (GQ-549) View Location
on Geologic Map
425 Cross Section A-A', Dennis GQ (GQ-450) View Location
on Geologic Map
424 Cross Section A-A', Prices Mill GQ (GQ-449) View Location
on Geologic Map
423 Cross Section A-A', Hickory Flat GQ (GQ-420) View Location
on Geologic Map
422 Cross Section A-A', Auburn GQ (GQ-415) View Location
on Geologic Map
421 Cross Section A-A', Petroleum GQ (GQ-352) View Location
on Geologic Map
420 Cross Section A-A', Rockfield GQ (GQ-309) View Location
on Geologic Map
419 Cross Section A-A', Adolphus GQ (GQ-299) View Location
on Geologic Map
418 Cross Section A-A' Meador GQ (GQ-288) View Location
on Geologic Map
417 Cross Section A-A', Allen Springs GQ (GQ-285) View Location
on Geologic Map
416 Cross Section A-A', Franklin GQ (GQ-281) View Location
on Geologic Map
415 Cross Section A-A', Woodburn GQ (GQ-280) View Location
on Geologic Map
414 Cross Section A-A', Drake GQ (GQ-277) View Location
on Geologic Map
413 Cross Section A-A', South Union GQ (GQ-275) View Location
on Geologic Map
412 Cross Section A-A', Lucas GQ (GQ-251) View Location
on Geologic Map
411 Cross Section A-A', Bowling Green South GQ (GQ-235) View Location
on Geologic Map
410 Cross section A-A', Curdsville GQ (GQ-1039) View Location
on Geologic Map
409 Cross section A-A', Polkville GQ (GQ-194) View Location
on Geologic Map
408 Cross section A-A', Scottsville GQ (GQ-184) View Location
on Geologic Map
407 Warsaw - Fort Payne relations in the Scottsville GQ View Location
on Geologic Map
406 Cross Section A-A', Holland GQ (GQ-174) View Location
on Geologic Map
405 Cross Section A-A', Austin GQ (GQ-173) View Location
on Geologic Map
403 Irregular bedding structure characteristic of Grier Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
402 Outcrop of Grier Limestone south of Monterey at US-127 mp 4.5. View Location
on Geologic Map
401 Bedding character of Tanglewood Limestone at base of outcrop. View Location
on Geologic Map
400 Interbedded Grier Limestone and Tanglewood Limestone units south of Monterey. Possible Clays Ferry contact at top of cut. View Location
on Geologic Map
390 Outcrop exposing contact between the Hardinsburg Sandstone above, and the Haney Limestone below. Note the undulating channel scour at the contact. View Location
on Geologic Map
389 Nodular or lumpy bedding characteristic of Grier Limestone Member of Lexington Limestone taken at base of road cut on east side of road View Location
on Geologic Map
388 Debree flow? deposit in Grier Limestone Member located at south end of road cut on east side of road View Location
on Geologic Map
387 Flow rolls in Tanglewood Limestone member at top of road cut View Location
on Geologic Map
386 Characteristic rubbly bedding of Grier Limestone Member taken on second bench of road cut View Location
on Geologic Map
385 General bedding character of Grier Limestone of Lower Lexington Formation. Tanglewood lithology at top of cut. View Location
on Geologic Map
384 Siltstone beds in Clays Ferry shale lithology View Location
on Geologic Map
383 Clays Ferry outcrop just north of KY-355 on US-127 in Owen County View Location
on Geologic Map
382 Close up of bedding character in Calloway Creek Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
381 Evenly spaced, slightly wavy fossiliferous limestone beds characteristic of the Calloway Creek Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
380 Tuscaloosa Gravel (Cretaceous) on north side of US 62 at Lake City, Livingston Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
379 Walsortian mudmound overlain by well washed carbonate banks above black shale on KY 61 about 4 miles south of Burkesville, Cumberland Co., Ky. Frogue 7.5-min quadrangle. See Meyer and others (1997). View Location
on Geologic Map
378 Steeply dipping well washed limestones of the Mississippian Cane Valley Limestone Member at junction of KY 61 and 449 south of Burkesville, Cumberland Co., Ky. Frogue 7.5-min quadrangle. See Meyer and others (1997). View Location
on Geologic Map
376 Northern Kentucky's little known twin working tunnels of the CSX Railroad at Lamb, south-central Kenton, Co., Ky. These tunnels are in the Kope Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
375 Top of Walsortian mud mound in Mississippi Fort Payne Formation along KY 61 about two miles south of Cumberland River, in 9-C-50, Cumberland Co., Ky., Frogue quadrangle. See Meyer and others (1997). View Location
on Geologic Map
374 Looking upstream along the Licking River during high water level from boat ramp off KY 1930 in east-central Kenton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
373 Looking eastward and downstream along Banklick Creek from KY 1829 in south-central Kenton Co., KY. This topography is typical of the outer Bluegrass Region. View Location
on Geologic Map
372 Looking north along valley of Licking River from St. Mary's Church, southern Kenton County, Ky. Lexington Peneplain defines the horizon, note the even skyline. View Location
on Geologic Map
370 Looking west and downstream toward Anderson Ferry at the glacial narrows of the Ohio River. Picture taken from River Breeze Dr. in Ludlow, Kenton Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
341 Actinoceras, an Ordovician cephalopod.
325 Characteristic irregular bedding style of Grant Lake Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
324 Bedding character of the Grant Lake Limestone along US-127 View Location
on Geologic Map
323 Bedding character of the Calloway Creek Limestone along US-127 View Location
on Geologic Map
322 Bedding characteristics of Calloway Creek Limestone along US-127 View Location
on Geologic Map
321 Laural Quarry working in the Slade Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
320 Slide in Fort Payne Formation, Wolf Creek, Russell Co., Ky. See Greb and others (2008). View Location
on Geologic Map
319 Green clay core of Fort Payne mud mound below Wolf Creek Dam, Russell Co., Ky. See Greb and others, (2008). View Location
on Geologic Map
318 Dipping massive Waulsortian carbonate mud mound overlying a green shale core (foreground). Picture taken at low water at the Pleasant Hill boat dock, Lake Cumberland, Russell Co., Ky. See Greb and others (2008). View Location
on Geologic Map
317 Massive Waulsortian mud mound in the Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian), Creelsboro Quadrangle, Russell Co., Ky. See Greb and others (2008). View Location
on Geologic Map
316 Shallow channel in St. Louis Limestone along Cumberland Parkway just west of Somerset, Pulaski Co., Ky. The author believes that such symmetrical channels, whether in carbonate rocks (here) or in clastic rocks are of tidal or marine origin. View Location
on Geologic Map
315 Spectacular nappe-like slump involving Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sandstones and shales overlying horizontal Mississippian limestones (Monteagle Limestone)on the east side of I-75 between the Mt. Vernon exits, Rockcastle Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
314 Bedding plane of Nada Member of Borden Formation with omission surface has phosphatic nodules and glauconite. See coin for scale. View Location
on Geologic Map
313 Sandstones of Cowbell Member overlie mudstones of the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation at the base of the Big Hill section on U.S. 421, southeast of Big Hill, Madison Co., Ky. Note carbonate concretions near the top of Nancy Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
312 Sandstones of Cowbell Member overlie mudstones of the Nancy Member of the Borden Formation at the base of the Big Hill section on U.S. 421, southeast of Big Hill, Madison Co., Ky. Note horizon of concretions near the top of Nancy Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
311 Two reddish-brown paleosols of Mississippian Pennington Formation at Pound Gap cut, U.S. 23 near Jenkins, Letcher Co., Ky. Paleosols have small carbonate nodules and slickensides. View Location
on Geologic Map
310 View of Pilot Knob with cliff of Newman Limestone (Mississippian) near Big Hill, Madison Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
309 Outcrop of the Slade Formation (Mississippian) exhibiting paleo-soil and paleo-karst along solid zone at the top, junction of KY. 461 and old U.S. 25, Mt Vernon, Rockcastle Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
308 Paleosoil in Slade Formation (Mississippian) at junction of KY. 461 and old U.S. 25 in Mt. Vernon, Rockcastle Co., Ky. Garland Dever Jr. for scale. View Location
on Geologic Map
307 Sinkhole in Monteagle Limestone (Mississippian) along east side of I-75, between the two Mt. Vernon exits, Rockcastle Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
306 Solution enlarged joints and clay-filled fractures of Slade Formation. Exposure in the Clover Bottom Quarry. View Location
on Geologic Map
305 Penecontemporaneous anticline in Nancy Shale Member of Borden Formation (Mississippian) along I-75, Rockcastle Co., Ky. View Location
on Geologic Map
303 Oblique air photo of thin Pennsylvanian cap on Mississippian Newman Limestone and Borden Formation near Limeville, Greenup Co., Ky. U.S. 23 and CSX railroad at right. Note Ohio River in upper right and abandoned quarry in upper left of photo. This is a very instructive area for field trips. View Location
on Geologic Map
302 Pennsylvanian-Mississippian contact in abandoned limestone quarry at Limeville, Ky., just west of U.S. 23. Outcrop exposes paleo-karst in the Newman Limestone (Slade Formation). View Location
on Geologic Map
301 Cut 0.9 miles long on the AA Highway in the Berea Sandstone, Sunbury Shale, and Farmers Siltstone, just southeast of Garrison, Lewis Co., Ky. Ball and pillow structures can be observed here. View Location
on Geologic Map
300 Farmers Member and Henley Bed of the Borden Formation over the Sunbury Shale and Berea Sandstone at magnificent cut on the AA Highway at Garrison, Lewis Co., KY. View Location
on Geologic Map
299 Cut 0.9 miles long on the AA Highway in Berea Sandstone, Sunbury Shale, and Farmers Siltstone southeast of Garrison in 20 and 21-Z-7; Lewis Co., KY. Study and photograph ball and pillow structures which are spectacularly exposed. View Location
on Geologic Map
298 Borden Formation (Mississippian) on KY 546, AA Highway, east of Vanceburg, Lewis Co., KY. See Potter and others (1991). View Location
on Geologic Map
297 Outcrop along US-127 near A. Hammond Rd showing interbedding character of Calloway Creek Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
296 Characteristic brachiopod-rich beds associated with the Calloway Creek Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
295 Erosional high remnant (buried hill) of (Ordovician) Rowland and Bardstown Members of the Drakes Formation with an angular uncomformal deposition of the (Devonian) Boyle Dolomite and New Albany Shale filling in the lows. View Location
on Geologic Map
294 Exposure of the Lexington Limestone in a part of the Kentucky River Fault System. Outcrop is located on Route 1974 along the Jessamine-Fayett County line. Note the weathered out fault plane and deformed beds. View Location
on Geologic Map
293 Wilmore GQ-847 cross section B-B' View Location
on Geologic Map
287 Fault zone in Mississippian Fort Payne Formation on east side of I-65 at Muldraugh Escarpment about 4 mi north of Elizabethtown View Location
on Geologic Map
285 Aerial view southeastward toward Cumberland Mountain. Shows hogback features formed by dipping Pennsylvania sandstones. Cranks Creek Lake in foreground. Rolling hills in background underlain by Ordovician-age rocks. View Location
on Geologic Map
284 View Location
on Geologic Map
282 Cline pit of Sipple brick falls near the contact between Conemaugh and Breathitt Formations. Clay/Shale probably from uppermost Breathitt Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
281 Mountain Materials Inc. mining limestone from the Slade Formation for aggregate. View Location
on Geologic Map
280 Hanson Aggregates mining limestone from the Slade Formation for aggregate. View Location
on Geologic Map
279 Grassy Stone LLC limestone quarry excavating stone from the Slade Formation for aggregate and agricultural lime in Carter County. View Location
on Geologic Map
276 Modern crevasse splay along the lower reaches of the Mississippi River
266 Exposed rockfall at a limestone quarry along the Kentucky River in Frankfort. Mining blasts caused the fall. View Location
on Geologic Map
265 Star Fire surface mine in eastern Kentucky. Note large dragline and accumulations of mine spoil. Surface mine spoil is often susceptible to differential settlement. View Location
on Geologic Map
264 Ghent Generating Station along the Ohio River in Carroll County. The power plant has 4 units that convert the chemical energy of coal into electrical energy. The pond in the forground is a "fly ash" pond. Fly ash is residue collected from the combustion of coal. View Location
on Geologic Map
263 Tanglewood Limestone, Brannon, and Sulphur Well Members of the Lexington Limestone exposed along the eastbound lane of the Bluegrass Parkway. Note the large tilted block of Tanglewood calcarentite within the more shaley Brannon Member. The Sulphur Well Member is the increment above the tilted block. View Location
on Geologic Map
255 Outcrop of Ohio Shale along I-64. Shale is dark gray to black and highly fissile. Unit forms steep slopes and is prone to slumping and intense weathering. Note numerous joints near top of the outcrop. View Location
on Geologic Map
254 Roadway failure associated with red and green shales of the Conemaugh Formation along KY-733 in eastern Carter County View Location
on Geologic Map
253 Hill slope failure associated with red and green shales of the Conemaugh Formation in eastern Carter County View Location
on Geologic Map
238 Typical fine-grained lithologies of the Lower Breathitt in Carter County, Kentucky View Location
on Geologic Map
233 Syn-sedimentary faults in the Kendrick Shale interval along Route 15, south of Jackson, KY View Location
on Geologic Map
227 Large cephalopod in Willow Creek, 1 mile west of Milford Ky. Fossil is thought to be preserved in the Lexington Limestone, but the Clays Ferry Formation comprises the hillsides adjacent to the creek. Note the prominent septa which separate the shell into chambers. Photo by Tom Sparks, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
225 Cross bedded limestone units of the Slade Formation near the Carter Caves gift shop parking area View Location
on Geologic Map
224 Example of lithologic and weathering characteristics of red and green claystones of the Nada Member of the Borden Formation in eastern Lewis County View Location
on Geologic Map
219 Limestone quarry near Georgetown. The rock exposed is the lower part of the Lexington Limestone. Note the solution features and fractures in the outcrop. The rock units being mined, however, are the Tyrone Limestone and Oregon Dolomite below the surface. View Location
on Geologic Map
218 This is a cover-collapse sinkhole in Pulaski County. Note the opening in the limestone in the lower left part of the photo. Since the photograph was taken, the opening to the cave has enlarged. View Location
on Geologic Map
217 Coarsening upward sequence over the Betsie Shale along the US-23 Pikeville cutoff. View Location
on Geologic Map
214 Bifurcated lobes on the distal margin of a crevasse splay in the Upper Elkhorn No.2 zone. View Location
on Geologic Map
207 Tuscaloosa gravel (Cretaceous) on north side of US-62 at Lake City, Livingston County, KY (Adjacent to Reed Quarry) View Location
on Geologic Map
189 Stingy Creek Member of the Ashlock Formation overlain by the Terrill Member. Gilbert Member exposed at the base of the outcrop. View Location
on Geologic Map
188 Close up of flow rolls in Millersburg Member below Tanglewood contact. View Location
on Geologic Map
187 Contact between Millersburg (below) and Tanglewood (above)along US27 north of Cynthiana showing characteristic flow rolls in Millersburg. View Location
on Geologic Map
159 cross section A-A', Union GQ
145 Clays Ferry Formation bedding characteristics. View Location
on Geologic Map
144 Clays Ferry Formation bedding characteristics. View Location
on Geologic Map
143 Variation in Tanglewood Member bedding. View Location
on Geologic Map
142 Fault near the Tanglewood/Grier contact. View Location
on Geologic Map
141 The Grier, Tanglewood, and Millersburg (?) Members. View Location
on Geologic Map
140 Karstification of the Grier Member. View Location
on Geologic Map
139 Contact between Lexington Formation Members: Tanglewood (top) and Grier (bottom). View Location
on Geologic Map
138 General bedding in the Lexington Limestone (Grier LS Member) View Location
on Geologic Map
137 Stromatoporoids in the Tanglewood Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
136 Karst features in the Grier limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
135 Kart features along fractures in the Grier Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
134 Contact between the Preacherville Member of the Drakes Formation with the overlying New Albany Shale. Outcrop exhibits distinctive bedding and an unconformity between the units. View Location
on Geologic Map
133 Brachiopods weathered out of the Stingy Creek Member of the Ashlock Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
132 Burdette Knob, an erosional remnant on margin of the Outer Bluegrass. Most of the knob is comprised of the Borden Formation. View Location
on Geologic Map
131 Outcrop of the Tyrone Limestone showing the Pencil Cave bentonite. View Location
on Geologic Map
130 Outcrop of the Tyrone Limestone exhibiting its very fine-grained texture and thin laminae. View Location
on Geologic Map
129 Honeycomb weathering in an outcrop of the Camp Nelson Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
128 Outcrop of the Curdsville and Logana Members of the Lexington Limestone. Exhibits distinctive bedding characteristics of members. View Location
on Geologic Map
127 Contact of the Preacherville Member of the Drakes Formation and the overlying New Albany Shale. Outcrop exhibits fractures in the New Albany. Contact also represents an unconformity. View Location
on Geologic Map
126 Outcrop of the Preacherville Member of the Drakes Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
125 Outcrop showing contact of the base of the Rowland Member of the Drakes Formation with the Reba Member of the Ashlock Formation. Exhibits variable bedding characteristics of the Rowland. Reba is mainly at the base of outcrop. View Location
on Geologic Map
124 Outcrop of the Tate Member of the Ashlock Formation. Exhibits variable bedding and distinctive greenish/gray color. View Location
on Geologic Map
123 Stingy Creek Member of the Ashlock Formation overlain by the Terrill Member. Gilbert Member exposed at the base of the outcrop. View Location
on Geologic Map
122 Outcrop of the Tyrone Limestone. Exhibits variable bedding thickness, solution fractures, and distinctive gray color banding. View Location
on Geologic Map
121 Outcrop of the Camp Nelson Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
120 SE dipping beds in the Tanglewood Limestone member associated with the Bryan Station Fault (which is part of the Lexington Fault System) View Location
on Geologic Map
118 View of the Palisades along the Kentucky River from old US 27 bridge View Location
on Geologic Map
116 Different lithology and bedding characteristics in the Lower Lexington Limestone. Mapped as Curdsville and Grier Members. View Location
on Geologic Map
115 Limestone mine (Boonesboro Quarry) on Highway 627 at Kentucky River (Boonesboro) View Location
on Geologic Map
114
113 River traffic influences land use in Jefferson County. Canals and locks were first built in 1830 to bypass the shallows created by bedrock geology at Falls of the Ohio. In the 1960�s, older dams were replaced with the McAlpine Locks and Dam. More than 50 million tons of commerce annually transit the locks. Photograph by Stephen Greb, Kentucky Geological Survey. View Location
on Geologic Map
111 Roadcut, Bluegrass Parkway, outcrop of Lexington Limestone, Grier and Tanglewood Members View Location
on Geologic Map
110 Roadcut; Bluegrass Parkway showing outcrop of Lexington Limestone, Curdsville and Logana Members View Location
on Geologic Map
109 Distributary channel fill below the Dwale shale near Ivel, KY (US-23. View Location
on Geologic Map
74 Cross section B-B', Alcorn GQ (GQ-963) View Location
on Geologic Map
73 Cross section A-A', Alcorn GQ (GQ-963) View Location
on Geologic Map
72 Cross section AA', Berea GQ (GQ-649) View Location
on Geologic Map
71 Cross section AA', Bighill GQ (GQ-900) View Location
on Geologic Map
70 Generalized diagram showing stratigraphic relations of the Borden formation in the Paint Lick and Berea GQ's View Location
on Geologic Map
69 Generalized diagram showing relations of Borden Formation to adjacent formations and relations of members and beds within the Borden Formation in the Berea and Wildie GQ's View Location
on Geologic Map
68 Diagram showing relations of members of Borden Formation in a SW direction across the Bighill, Johnetta, and Wildie GQ's View Location
on Geologic Map
67 Diagrammatic cross section showing stratigraphic and structural relations of Silurian and Devonian rocks View Location
on Geologic Map
66 Diagrammatic section showing the stratigraphic and structural relations of Silurian and Devonian rocks View Location
on Geologic Map
65 Cross Section A-A', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
64 Cross Section B-B', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
63 Cross Section C-C', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
62 Cross Section D-D', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
61 Cross Section E-E', Winchester GQ (GQ-1159) View Location
on Geologic Map
60 Cross section B-B', Wilmore GQ (GQ-847) View Location
on Geologic Map
59 Cross section A-A', Wilmore GQ (GQ-847) View Location
on Geologic Map
58 Cross section A-A', Valley View GQ (GQ-470) View Location
on Geologic Map
57 Cross section A-A', Union City GQ (GQ-585) View Location
on Geologic Map
56 Cross section B-B', stanford GQ (GQ-1137) View Location
on Geologic Map
55 Cross section A-A', Stanford GQ (GQ-1137) View Location
on Geologic Map
54 Cross section A-A', Salvisa GQ (GQ-760) View Location
on Geologic Map
53 Cross section A-A', Richmond south GQ (GQ-479) View Location
on Geologic Map
52 Cross section A-A', Richmond North GQ (GQ-583) View Location
on Geologic Map
51 Cross section A-A', Perryville GQ (GQ-1185) View Location
on Geologic Map
50 Cross section A-A', Parksville GQ (GQ-1494) View Location
on Geologic Map
49 Cross section B-B', Panola GQ (GQ-686) View Location
on Geologic Map
48 Cross section A-A', Panola GQ (GQ-686) View Location
on Geologic Map
47 Cross section C-C', Palmer GQ (GQ-613) View Location
on Geologic Map
46 Cross section B-B', Palmer GQ (GQ-613) View Location
on Geologic Map
45 Cross section A-A', Palmer GQ (GQ-613) View Location
on Geologic Map
44 Cross section A-A', Paint Lick GQ (GQ-800) View Location
on Geologic Map
43 Cross section A-A', Nicholasville GQ (GQ-767) View Location
on Geologic Map
42 Cross section A-A', Moberly GQ (GQ-664) View Location
on Geologic Map
41 Cross section C-C', Little Hickman GQ (GQ-792) View Location
on Geologic Map
40 Cross section B-B', Little Hickman GQ (GQ-792) View Location
on Geologic Map
39 Cross section A-A', Little Hickman GQ (GQ-792) View Location
on Geologic Map
38 Cross section A-A', Lancaster GQ (GQ-888) View Location
on Geologic Map
37 Cross section A-A', Kirksville GQ (GQ-452) View Location
on Geologic Map
36 Cross section A-A', Keene GQ (GQ-440) View Location
on Geologic Map
35 Cross section A-A', Junction City GQ (GQ-981) View Location
on Geologic Map
34 Cross section A-A', Hedges GQ (GQ-1235) View Location
on Geologic Map
33 Cross section A-A', Harrodsburg GQ (GQ-1020) View Location
on Geologic Map
32 Cross section A-A', Ford GQ (GQ-764) View Location
on Geologic Map
31 Cross section B-B', Coletown GQ (GQ-644) View Location
on Geologic Map
30 Cross section A-A', Coletown GQ (GQ-644) View Location
on Geologic Map
29 Cross section A-A', Bryantsville GQ (GQ-945) View Location
on Geologic Map
28 Generalized diagram of Georgetown GQ showing stratigraphic relations of mapped units in the Lexington Limestone and the Clays Ferry Formation View Location
on Geologic Map
27 Diagrammatic sketch of Lexington West GQ showing intertonguing of members of the Lexington Limestone. View Location
on Geologic Map
26 Generalized cross section through the New Columbus GQ showing position of Tanglewood Limestone Member of Lexington Limestone and the limestone tongues of the mapped Lexington Limestone relative to the lowest zone of abundant Sowerbyella View Location
on Geologic Map
25 Generalized cross section through the Sadieville GQ showing position of Tanglewood Limestone Member of Lexington Limestone and the limestone tongues of the mapped Lexington Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
24 Fossil collections: Letters designate USGS fossil collection number View Location
on Geologic Map
23 Cross section B-B', Lexington West GQ (GQ-1509) View Location
on Geologic Map
22 Cross section A-A', Lexington West GQ (GQ-1509) View Location
on Geologic Map
21 Cross section A-A', Versailles GQ (GQ-325) View Location
on Geologic Map
20 Cross section A-A', Tyrone GQ (GQ-303) View Location
on Geologic Map
19 Cross section A-A', Switzer GQ (GQ-1266) View Location
on Geologic Map
18 Cross section A-A', Shawhan GQ (GQ-1122) View Location
on Geologic Map
17 Cross section A-A', Paris West GQ (GQ-1162) View Location
on Geologic Map
16 Cross section A-A', Paris East GQ (GQ-1167) View Location
on Geologic Map
15 Cross section A-A', Monterey GQ (GQ-1400) View Location
on Geologic Map
14 Cross section A-A', Midway GQ (GQ-856) View Location
on Geologic Map
13 Fossil list of Winchester GQ View Location
on Geologic Map
12 Cross section A-A', Lexington East GQ (GQ-683) View Location
on Geologic Map
11 Cross section A-A', Georgetown GQ (GQ-605) View Location
on Geologic Map
10 Cross section A-A', Frankfort East GQ (GQ-707) View Location
on Geologic Map
9 Cross section A-A', Clintonville GQ (GQ-717) View Location
on Geologic Map
8 Cross section A-A', Centerville GQ (GQ-653) View Location
on Geologic Map
7 Cross section A-A', Austerlitz GQ (GQ-1245) View Location
on Geologic Map
6 Cross section A-A', Harrodsburg 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle, scale 1:100,000 View Location
on Geologic Map
5 Cross section A-A', Lexington 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle, scale 1:100,000 View Location
on Geologic Map
4 Generalized cross section across the Gratz GQ showing relations of units below the Calloway Creek Limestone View Location
on Geologic Map
3 Fossil list of Switzer GQ View Location
on Geologic Map
2 Fossil list of Austerlitz GQ View Location
on Geologic Map
1 Fossil list of Frankfort West GQ View Location
on Geologic Map

14000 Lb, Trailer Available for Back Haul Form Coal City Indianna to Somerset Ky

Source: https://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/geology/image_search_r1.asp

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